Neurocognitive and psychological profiles in pediatric arachnoid cyst

Objective  This study aims to investigate whether intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) compromise neurocognitive function and psychological profiles in pediatric patients, depending on various clinical factors. Methods  We assessed neurocognitive functions and psychological tests in 35 AC patients and 35 healthy control subjects between October 2007 and April 2008. AC patients ranged in age from 3 to 15 (7.94 ± 3.12) years old and control patients from 5 to 13 (8.84 ± 2.17) years old. The location of the AC were temporal (n = 22), frontal (n = 6), suprasellar (n = 4), and posterior fossa (n = 3). Patients underwent neurocognitive and psychological assessments before surgery. To investigate which AC impair neurocognitive function and psychological profile, we assessed intelligence, memory, attention, executive function, behavioral problems, emotional distress, and parenting stress. Results  AC caused some demonstrated impairment by both neurocognitive function and psychological assessments. Left hemisphere AC tended to have more anxiety; mood changes can be detected depending on cyst grade. An incidental finding of AC after trauma is more intelligent, well-reserved executive function. Frontal locations tended to cause more anxiety than temporal locations. Conclusions  Our results imply that intracranial AC impairs some neurocognitive and psychological functions. An incidental finding of AC after trauma was a more intelligent, well-reserved executive function. AC in the left hemisphere, frontal location tended to cause more anxiety. The AC itself did not cause differences in neurocognitive function from the control group. However, parenting stress in the AC group was much higher than in the control group.     

Primary hypothyroidism presenting as ovarian tumor and precocious puberty in a prepubertal girl

We report a case of a prepubertal girl with juvenile primary hypothyroidism presenting as ovarian cysts and precocious puberty. The 7-year-old female was referred to our clinic because of a pelvic/abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding. Besides these findings, on physical examination we noticed the thyroid gland globally increased and the presence of secondary sexual characteristics. Based upon the clinical profile and investigations, the patient was diagnosed with juvenile primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis. The cysts and precocious puberty resolved spontaneously after the simple replacement of thyroid hormone. It is important to bear in mind hypothyroidism in cases of girls presenting ovarian cysts and precocious puberty in order to avoid unnecessary surgery on the ovaries.     

颌骨大型牙源性囊性病变的微创治疗

目的探讨袋成形术联合应用阻塞器治疗颌骨大型牙源性囊性病变的临床效果。方法颌骨大型牙源性囊性病变患者36例,采用袋成形术联合应用阻塞器治疗,术后3、6、12个月复诊,行临床检查及拍摄X线曲面断层片,记录囊腔影像面积变化,术后6~12个月对仍存留的囊肿行Ⅱ期囊肿刮切术。结果 36例患者术后3~6个月面部膨隆畸形均基本消失或完全消失,无1例患者出现伤口感染;10例患者囊腔体积缩小大于90%,24例囊腔体积缩小率达到80%~90%,2例囊腔体积缩小在60%以上;Ⅱ期囊肿刮切术后继续随访1年囊肿无复发,形态功能均恢复良好。结论袋成形术联合应用阻塞器治疗颌骨大型囊性病变,可改善患者颌骨膨隆畸形,最大程度保留颌骨解剖结构及生理功能,疗效肯定。     

卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的CT诊断

目的:探讨卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的CT表现及诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床资料和CT征象.平扫6例,增强扫描4例.结果:6例CT平扫均出现囊实性双肿块、囊壁均匀或不均匀增厚、囊肿位置变化、盆腔积液等征象.3例子宫偏向扭转侧,1例囊内出血,1例囊肿破裂.增强扫描,强化减弱或无强化.结论:卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的CT表现有一定特征性,CT作为超声检查的一种补充检查方法,对卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

成人先天性肺内支气管囊肿的影像学诊断

目的:探讨成人先天性肺内支气管囊肿在CT、MRI表现上的特征。方法:37例经手术及病理证实的肺内支气管囊肿;男25例,女12例,年龄18～63岁,平均35岁。均行X胸片,24例行CT平扫及增强扫描,13例行MRI检查。结果:分布在右肺16例,左肺21例。形态以圆形为主,可以呈葫芦状、长条状或不规则形。22例囊肿含有液体,8例含气体,6例含有气液面,4例含有曲菌球,囊壁钙化7例,呈点状和弧线状。囊壁见有轻-中度强化,其中以含液囊肿较明显,囊肿周围气肿15例。结论:大部分成人先天性肺内支气管囊肿的CT、MRI表现有一定的特征,有助于术前诊断。     

骨巨细胞瘤继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的提高骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的认识和影像诊断水平。方法搜集经手术病理证实的12例GCT继发ABC的X线、CT、MRI和病理学资料，分析和总结其影像征象。结果12例中6例病变发生于长管状骨，6例发生于盆骨。12例病变X线均表现为囊状膨胀性溶骨性骨破坏，10例呈偏心性破坏，2例为中心性破坏；4例病灶内出现骨性分隔，6例骨皮质中断，4例出现软组织肿块，有明显硬化边者2例。10例行MR平扫和增强检查，均呈多囊的囊实性膨胀性肿块，8例为边缘性实性结节，2例为实性基础上的广泛囊变，全部患者均可见多个液一液平面，7例出现软组织肿块；1例肿块内可见局灶性含铁血黄素沉着。8例行螺旋cT平扫、增强、CT血管成像（CTA）和三维（3D）多平面重组（MPR），病变显示为囊实性肿块，骨皮质破裂并形成软组织肿块5例，6例肿块内出现液．液平面，全部肿块实质性部分和囊壁明显强化，囊性部分不强化，3例肿块内可见增粗迂曲的供血动脉，未发现动静脉畸形。12例手术所见和术后病理显示肿块均由多发含血的囊腔和实性部分组成，病理诊断结果均为GCT伴发ABC，其中Ⅱ级GCTl0例，Ⅲ级2例。结论GCT伴发ABC并不少见，充分理解其病理组织学基础，并选择恰当的影像检查方法（X线＋MRI或X线＋CT）对其正确诊断非常重要。     

磁共振胰胆道成像在先天性胆管囊性扩张症中的应用

目的：探讨先天性胆管囊性扩张症的磁共振诊断，特别是磁共振胰胆道水成像的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾分析34例先天性胆管囊性扩张症的MR1及MRCP的影像特点，并与手术结果比较。结果：胆总管呈囊样扩张(Ⅰ型)26例，胆总管憩室(Ⅱ型)1例，胆总管及肝内胆管多发性囊样扩张(ⅣA型)6例，肝内胆管多发性囊样扩张(Ⅴ型即caroli病)1例。MRCP影像与手术结果完全相符合。结论：MR1结合MRCP这一无创的成像技术，在先天性胆管囊性扩张症的诊断中有重要作用。     

局部腹膜切开在腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾囊肿中的应用(附19例报告)

目的:探讨局部腹膜切开在腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术后防止囊肿复发的临床价值.方法:2007年1月至2009年1月为19例肾脏上极或腹侧部单纯囊肿患者行腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术,并在囊肿切除后行对应囊肿部位局部腹膜切开.结果:19例手术均获成功,患者术后无腹痛、腹胀等腹部不适症状,未影响肠蠕动.随访1年无囊肿复发及...     

应用神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿

目的 探讨神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿效果和技术要点.方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院内镜神经外科专业组从2010年4月至2013年4月,应用神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿41例的临床资料.结果 36例肿瘤颅内表皮样囊肿内容物镜下全切除,5例少量残留;6例将囊肿壁完全切除,其余部分切除,手术后恢复良好,无迟发性出血和无菌性脑膜炎的发生.结论 应用神经内镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿,能最大限度的切除肿瘤,有效防止并发症的发生.     

Tumor marker levels in post-chemotherapy cystic masses: clinical implications for patients with germ cell tumors

PURPOSE: Increased tumor markers after induction chemotherapy for patients with germ cell tumor usually represent systemic disease and consequently second line chemotherapy is instituted, while retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is reserved for patients with marker normalization. We report the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the fluid of post-chemotherapy cystic masses to evaluate this as a potential source for serum marker elevation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2002 to December 2002, 11 consecutive patients with post-chemotherapy cystic masses underwent RPLND. Following resection, aspirated fluid was analyzed for AFP and HCG. Only 5 post-chemotherapy RPLNDs were performed in patients with increased serum tumor markers, including the 3 patients in our study. Patients with increasing tumor markers and/or multifocal disease with noncystic residual masses after induction chemotherapy underwent salvage chemotherapy despite teratomatous elements in the primary tumor. RESULTS: All 11 patients had teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen and retroperitoneum, including one with malignant transformation. Cystic fluid markers were increased in all patients, 9 of 9 with HCG (range 7.0 to 6,880) and 9 of 11 with AFP (27.5 to 521.2). Two patients with an increased serum AFP before surgery (47.9 and 31.6) had cyst levels of 73.5 and 790.4 respectively. Both serum markers normalized postoperatively. One patient with increased pre-RPLND serum HCG (11.6) had a cyst level of 233. HCG continued to increase postoperatively and the patient died of disease. The remaining 10 patients remain disease free. CONCLUSION: Fluid from cystic teratoma contains variably elevated levels of HCG and AFP in all patients and appears to be independent of serum marker level or pathology. It is possible that a "slow leak" of fluid from cystic teratoma may explain elevated serum markers in selected patients with teratoma and thus may potentially avoid second line chemotherapy.