Suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children report of three cases

Summary Three cases of suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children are reported. Incidence, aetiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment, and other problems of these uncommon lesions are discussed.Communication presented at the XXXIst Meeting of the Portuguese-Spanish Neurosurgical Society. Santiago de Compostela, Spain. May 1979.     

Arachnoid cyst of the middle fossa with paradoxical changes of the bony structures

Summary Two patients with an arachnoid cyst of the middle fossa showed paradoxical changes of the adjoining bony structures of the skull. There was a diminution of the middle fossa and hyperplasia of the sphenoid sinus (pneumosinus dilatans) as well as a marked bulging of the squamous part of the temporal bone. In one case in which scinticisternography was performed, communication between the cyst and the subarachnoidal space was proven as well as an extremely slow cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the cyst. The pathogenesis of the cyst is discussed, based upon the structural changes of the skull, the angiographic findings and the locally disturbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The primary disturbance seems to be a temporal lobe agenesis.     

Foetal cystic abdominal masses

Foetal abdominal cysts are frequently found on routine antenatal ultrasound. Various sonographic features might help in their differential diagnosis. However, a definitive diagnosis is often not made until postnatal life, and detection of an intra‐abdominal cyst antenatally rarely alters obstetric management. A review of possible causes of a foetal abdominal cyst is presented.     

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MEDIASTINAL ENTEROGENOUS CYSTS IN CHILDREN

MEDIASTINAL enterogenous cysts are congen-ital anomalies rarely seen in the pediatric agegroups.Most children are first admitted tohospital due to respiratory symptoms.Neonates and littleinfants often have the symptom of respiratory distress,while a few a…     

关节镜治疗半月板囊肿

目的介绍半月板囊肿的发病情况、临床表现、诊断及关节镜治疗方法。方法6例患者均使用关节镜进行探查和治疗，囊肿行刨吸，半月板酌情行全切、次全切或半月板修复术。结果6例患者随访3～14个月，均无膝关节不适主诉。结论半月板囊肿是一种少见的膝关节疾息，MRI检查是诊断的主要依据，关节镜治疗是较好的治疗方法。     

囊腔内注射鱼肝油酸钠治疗34例肢体囊肿

本文对34例囊肿采用囊腔内注射鱼肝油酸钠治疗,4例于2mo内复发而再次注射,0.5yr后随访无一复发。讨论囊肿的各种治疗方法,提出应用鱼肝油酸钠注射法治疗囊肿操作简便,效果满意,患者也乐于接受。     

彩色多普勒超声在腘窝囊肿诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在腘窝囊肿诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析19例经手术、病理证实的腘窝囊肿患者声像图特点。结果19例21个病灶囊壁和分隔不规则增厚,19例囊腔内透声差,呈细密点状弱回声;彩色多普勒显示增厚的囊壁及分隔内未探及血流信号。结论腘窝囊肿的彩色多普勒（CDFI）声像图表现有一定特征性,可作为腘窝囊肿的首选检查方法。     

Focal splenic lesions: US findings

Ultrasound (US) imaging of the spleen was considered of little use in the past and was performed only to distinguish between cystic and solid lesions. However, in the last decade due to experience acquired and the introduction of second-generation contrast agents, this technique has been re-evaluated as contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) allows detection and characterization of most focal lesions of the spleen with a high sensitivity and a good specificity. Gray-scale US presents a low specificity in splenic infarctions with a high rate of false negative cases, whereas specificity reaches 100 %, if the examination is performed using US contrast agents. Gray-scale US can provide a correct diagnosis in simple cysts, whereas CEUS is useful when cystic lymphangioma is suspected. In the study of splenic lesions, the most important problem is to differentiate between angioma, hamartoma, lymphoma, and metastasis. CEUS reaches a good specificity in the differentiation of benign from malignant splenic lesions, as hypo-enhancement in the parenchymal phase is predictive of malignancy in 87 % of cases. In conclusion, Gray-scale US and particularly CEUS are at present widely indicated in the study of focal splenic lesions.     

扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的:提高对扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现的认识.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现.17例中9例行X线检查,10例CT检查,8例MRI检查.结果:17例发生于扁骨和不规则骨的动脉瘤样骨囊肿主要表现为,①皂泡状和吹气球样膨胀性骨质破坏:平片4例,CT 8例,MRI 6例;②病灶内骨间隔及骨嵴:平片4例,CT 8例;MRI 5例;③病灶周围骨硬化:平片3例,CT6例,MRI 4例,MRI表现为病灶周围线状低信号影;④骨壳部分断缺:平片2例,CT3例,MRI 2例;⑤液-液平面:CT 5例,MRI 6例;⑥骨膜反应:无;⑦软组织肿块:CT 1例,MRI 1例.结论:扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学特征与长管状骨大致相仿,螺旋CT及MRI能明显提高诊断准确率.