顺铂和白介素-2腹腔灌注化疗联合射频热疗治疗癌性腹水的疗效观察

【目的】观察顺铂和白介素-2（IL-2）腹腔灌注化疗联合射频热疗治疗癌性腹水的疗效。【方法]46例癌性腹水患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各23例。对照组仅给予顺铂和IL-2腹腔灌注化疗,研究组则加用腹部射频热疗。观察两组的腹水消退情况、Karnofsky评分变化及不良反应。【结果】研究组有效率为78．3％,Karnofsky评分升高率为73．9％,均明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组不良反应发生情况组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。【结论】顺铂和IL2腹腔灌注化疗联合腹部射频热疗治疗癌性腹水的疗效优于单纯的顺铂和IL-2腹腔灌注化疗,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸术后硬膜外镇痛的疗效

【目的】观察舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸手术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的临床镇痛效果和安全性。【方法】ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,全麻复合连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉行开胸手术病人70例,随机分为两组（n=35）,使用0．75μg／ml舒芬太尼（S组）或3μg／ml芬太尼（F组）复合0．125％罗哌卡因,术后行PCEA。镇痛泵设定持续背景剂量2mL／h、PCA每次0．5mL,锁定时间15min。观察病人术后镇痛效果,记录术后4h、8h、12h、24h、48h各时间点的疼痛评分（VAS）、镇静评分、PCA使用次数、不良反应和病人满意度。【结果】S组术后8h、24h和48hVAS评分明显低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组各时间点镇静评分均明显大于F组（P〈0．05）;S组PCA按压次数显著低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组病人对PCA的满意度明显高于F组（P〈0．05）。两组恶心、呕吐发生率低,呼吸抑制相比无明显差异。【结论】舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸手术后PCEA,镇痛安全有效,镇痛镇静效果优于芬太尼,不良反应程度较轻。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗轻中度高血压病疗效观察

【目的】探讨厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗轻中度高血压病患者的疗效。【方法】将136例轻中度高血压病患者随机分为两组,观察组（68例）服用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗,对照组（68例）服用厄贝沙坦片治疗,均治疗8周,对比分析两组患者的疗效及不良反应。【结果】观察组总有效率为97．1％,明显高于对照组的77．9％,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,两组患者不良反应发生率相比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗轻中度高血压痛患者具有疗效确切、不良反应发生率低等优点。     

右美托咪定对乳腺癌患者术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚用量的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对乳腺癌患者术中麻醉药物用量的影响。方法选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ择期乳腺癌手术患者,随机将其均分为右美托咪定组（观察组）和对照组,分别记录两组患者术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,入手术室后（T0）、诱导前（T1）、插管后1分钟（T2）、手术30min（T3）、手术结束（T4）、拔管后5min（T5）时的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）及脑电双频指数（BIS）的变化。术中芬太尼用量按标准换算成瑞芬太尼量。结果观察组患者丙泊酚的用量较对照组明显减少29％[2．0（1．3～3．4）vs3．1（2．2～4．7）mg／（kg?h）,P＝0．005）],瑞芬太尼的用量也明显减少[0．16（0．09～0．21）vs0．10（0．07～0．15）μg／（kg?h）,P＝0．03]。术中两组患者MAP、HR及BIS值未见统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论右美托咪定复合全麻可明显减少乳腺癌患者术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,两组患者围术期不良反应未见统计学差异。     

不同剂量乌司他丁治疗感染性休克的临床研究

【目的】研究不同剂量乌司他丁（UTI）对感染性休克患者的临床疗效。【方法】将60例感染性休克患者随机分为三组,每组20例。对照组（I组）予常规治疗;II组和Ⅲ组在常规治疗基础上分别加用UTI100kU和200kU静脉滴注,12h1次;均连用7d。检测三组患者治疗前及治疗1周后血浆降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子一cdTNF-a）、白介素一6（IL一6）的水平,记录休克恢复时间、平均住院天数和28d病死率,比较三组患者各指标间的差异。【结果】治疗前三组患者血浆各指标间差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）。治疗1周后Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者血浆PCT、TNF_口、IL一6的水平,休克恢复时间、平均住院天数和28d病死率明显低于I组（P〈0．01）;Ⅲ组患者各指标明显低于Ⅱ组（P〈O．01）。【结论】UTI能有效降低感染性休克患者血浆PCT水平,抑制过度的炎症反应,具有抗休克、降低平均住院天数和病死率的作用,且呈明显的量效关系。     

辛伐他汀对铜和高胆固醇阿尔茨海默病家兔海马淀粉样肽前蛋白mRNA表达的影响

目的 研究辛伐他汀对铜和高胆固醇诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)家兔海马淀粉样肽前蛋白(APP)mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用Sparks方法复制铜和高胆固醇诱导的AD家兔模型.辛伐他汀(5 mg·kg-1·d-1)灌胃3 w,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测家兔海马胆固醇含量,实时定量RT-PCR法检测海马APP mRNA表达水平.分析海马胆固醇含量与海马APP mRNA表达的相关性.结果 模型组海马胆固醇含量及APP mRNA表达水平显著高于正常组(P＜0.05).辛伐他汀组海马胆固醇含量及APP mRNA表达水平显著低于模型组(P＜0.05);与正常组相无显著差别(P＞0.05).海马APP mRNA表达水平与海马胆固醇含量呈正相关(r=0.58,P＜0.05).结论 辛伐他汀可通过降低海马胆固醇含量减少APP转录,这可能是辛伐他汀降低AD发病的机制.     

肠道菌群代谢产物与胰岛素抵抗相关衰老疾病的研究进展

2型糖尿病(T2DM)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)都是与年龄相关的衰老性疾病,二者存在多种共同危险因素.肠道微生物通过多种代谢产物参与胰岛素生理机能的调控过程,在胰岛素抵抗(IR)发生发展中发挥重要的作用.该文从IR的角度,对肠道菌群代谢产物与T2DM及AD发病机制的内在联系作一综述.     

Hormonal changes and their impact on cognition and mental health of ageing men

Demographic changes resulting in ageing of the world's population have major implications for health. As men grow older, circulating levels of the principal androgen or male sex hormone testosterone (T) decline, while the prevalence of ill-health increases. Observational studies in middle-aged and older men have shown associations between lower levels of T and poorer mental health in older men, including worse cognitive performance, dementia and presence of depressive symptoms. The role of T metabolites, the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the oestrogen receptor ligand estradiol (E2) in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline are unclear. Studies of men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy in the setting of prostate cancer have shown subtle detrimental effects of reduced T levels on cognitive performance. Randomised trials of T supplementation in older men have been limited in size and produced variable results, with some studies showing improvement in specific tests of cognitive function. Interventional data from trials of T therapy in men with dementia are limited. Lower levels of T have also been associated with depressive symptoms in older men. Some studies have reported an effect of T therapy to improve mood and depressive symptoms in men with low or low-normal T levels. T supplementation should be considered in men with a diagnosis of androgen deficiency. Beyond this clinical indication, further research is needed to establish the benefits of T supplementation in older men at risk of deteriorating cognition and mental health.     

催产素联合冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓预防产后出血的研究

[目的]观察催产素联合应用冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓预防产后出血的临床效果 [方法] 选择2010年4月至2010年9月本院住院的产妇312例,其中阴道分娩177例,剖宫产135例.阴道分娩组分A,B,C,D四组.A组：单用催产素;B组：催产素联合冰袋;C组：催产素联合米索前列醇;D组：催产素联合卡孕栓.剖宫产组分为E,F,G三组.E组：单用催产素;F组：催产素联合米索前列醇;G组：催产素联合卡孕栓.观察比较各组第三产程时间、术中出血量,产后2 h出血量、产后24 h出血量、产后出血发生率、治疗前后的血压及心率变化.[结果]B组、C组、D组第三产程与A组相比明显缩短,产后2 h及24 h内出血量,产后出血发生率明显减少,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.F组、G组与E组相比,第三产程明显缩短,产后2 h及24 h内出血量,产后出血发生率明显减少,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各组治疗前后血压、脉搏无明显波动（P＞0.05）.[结论]催产素联合应用冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓能预防产后出血,其使用安全,值得临床推广     

Expression and significance of DSCAM in the cerebral cortex of APP transgenic mice

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) plays important roles in the regulation of synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and synapse formation. Overexpression of DSCAM in Down syndrome (DS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of mental retardation through an inhibitory action on synaptogenesis/neurite outgrowth, and in the precocious dementia associated with an amyloid precursor protein (APP) dosage effect with enhanced plaque formation. In this report we examined the expression of DSCAM in the cerebral cortex of APP transgenic mice versus age-matched wild-type mice. We found that the level of DSCAM expression increased with increasing age in both groups of mice, up to a maximum at 3 months old. The level of DSCAM expression in APP transgenic mice was significantly higher than in the age-matched wild types. We propose that overexpression of DSCAM in the cerebral cortex might play an important role in the learning and memory defects of APP transgenic mice.