希罗达联合奥沙利铂治疗老年转移性结直肠癌

[目的]观察希罗达联合奥沙利铂治疗老年(≥70岁)转移性结直肠癌患者的疗效及不良反应.[方法]采用XELOX方案治疗23例老年转移性结直肠癌,d1予奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,d1～14希罗达1 000 mg/(m2·d)口服,2次/天,3周1个周期,至少2个周期.[结果]23例患者中,完全缓解1例(4%),部分缓解9例(39%),稳定8例(35%),肿瘤进展5例(22%).总有效率为43%(10/23),中位肿瘤进展时间8.1(6.7～11.1)个月,中位总生存期13.9(10.9～17.2)个月.最常见的不良反应为消化道反应、骨髓抑制、神经感觉障碍及手足综合征,多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度.[结论]XELOX是治疗老年转移性结直肠癌安全有效的化疗方案.     

Serum IL-21 levels are elevated in atopic dermatitis patients with acute skin lesions

Background

Interleukin (IL)-21 is a member of the type I cytokine family and plays a role in the pathogenesis of T helper type 2 allergic diseases. It has been reported that IL-21 expression is upregulated in acute skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients; however, little is known about the serum IL-21 levels of AD patients. The aim of this study was to quantify the serum IL-21 levels of AD patients and to evaluate the relationships between the serum IL-21 level and disease severity, laboratory markers, and eruption type in AD patients.

Emerging roles of basophils in allergic inflammation

Basophils have long been neglected in immunological studies because they were regarded as only minor relatives of mast cells. However, recent advances in analytical tools for basophils have clarified the non-redundant roles of basophils in allergic inflammation. Basophils play crucial roles in both IgE-dependent and -independent allergic inflammation, through their migration to the site of inflammation and secretion of various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. Basophils are known to produce large amounts of IL-4 in response to various stimuli. Basophil-derived IL-4 has recently been shown to play versatile roles in allergic inflammation by acting on various cell types, including macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Basophil-derived serine proteases are also crucial for the aggravation of allergic inflammation. Moreover, recent reports suggest the roles of basophils in modulating adaptive immune responses, particularly in the induction of Th2 differentiation and enhancement of humoral memory responses. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the roles of basophils in allergic inflammation.     

鞘内注射p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580对大鼠切口疼痛的影响

[目的]了解在大鼠切口痛模型中鞘内注射(IT)p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580对切口疼痛的影响.[方法]体重250～300g的雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为假手术组、对照组、IT SB203580组和IT 二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组.按Yaksh法施行鞘内置管. 按Brennan法建立切口疼痛模型.分别于术前、术后2 h、 3 h、 6 h 、1d 、2d、3d 、5d以von Frey细丝法(机械性痛觉过敏)、热辐射法(热痛觉过敏)和累积疼痛评分法观察疼痛行为学的变化.[结果]与假手术组和术前值比较,对照组大鼠在术后2 h、3 h、6h、1d和2d的von Frey纤毛刺激机械缩足反射阈值(MWT)均明显降低(P＜0.01),累计疼痛评分均明显增加(P＜0.01),在术后2 h、3 h、6h和1d的热刺激缩足潜伏期(TWL)均明显缩短(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);IT DMSO组大鼠在手术后各时间点的MWT、TWL和累计疼痛评分与对照组比较均无明显不同;与对照组和IT DMSO组比较,IT SB203580组大鼠在术后2 h、3 h、6 h和1 d的MWT均明显增加, TWL均明显延长 (P＜0.05或P＜0.01),累计疼痛评分均明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]在大鼠切口疼痛模型中, p38MAPK在脊髓水平参与了大鼠切口痛的形成和发展.     

甲苯璜酸妥舒沙星分散片在人体内的相对生物利用度

[目的]研究甲苯璜酸妥舒沙星分散片的相对生物利用度.[方法]采用随机、开放、双周期交叉试验设计.18名健康志愿者分别单剂量口服300 mg甲苯璜酸妥舒沙星片(参比制剂)或甲苯璜酸妥舒沙星分散片(受试制剂).采用HPLC法测定给药后不同时间的妥舒沙星血药浓度.[结果]参比制剂和受试制剂中的妥舒沙星Cmax分别为(927±200)μg/L、(926±210)μg/L;tmax分别为(1.17±0.24)h、(1.22±0.26)h;t1/2分别为(4.6±0.5)h、(4.4±0.5)h;AUC0～24 h分别为(4978±1284)μg/(h·L)、(5005±1349)μg/(h·L).受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(100.8±11.3)%.[结论]受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

艾迪注射液配合放疗治疗肺癌临床观察

目的 探讨提高肺癌治疗疗效及患者生活质量的方法.方法 回顾分析从2000-2006年将本院收治42例肺癌患者随机分为对照组(单纯放疗组)和治疗组(艾迪注射液联合放疗组),对照组22例,治疗组20例.评估2组患者放疗结束后的局控率,评价生活质量的改善.结果 治疗组局控率(CR)为80%而对照组为54.5%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),治疗组症状缓解率为75%,对照组为50%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),治疗组骨髓抑制较对照组明显减轻.结论 在肺癌放疗过程中配合使用艾迪注射液能增强肺癌患者的骨髓抑制耐受性,提高局控率和生活质量.     

咪达唑仑复合泵注瑞芬太尼用于小儿麻醉的临床观察

【目的】对比在复合咪达唑仑、氯氨酮、阿曲库铵麻醉诊导，泵注瑞芬太尼和泵注芬太尼用于小儿麻醉诱导气管插管时血流动力学变化、术毕恢复期安全性。【方法】200例病人分为两组，诱导后行气管插管期间，分别记录4个时间点的无创平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、有无肌肉僵直及术后恢复情况。【结果】咪达唑仑复合泵注瑞芬太尼较芬太尼能更好地抑制插管对心血管应激反应，患儿术毕清醒早、清醒度高，并发症少。【结论】咪达唑仑复合泵注瑞芬太尼用于小儿麻醉是安全可行的，其较芬太尼更具有优越性。     

The prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment using regional cerebral blood flow SPECT

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comprises a heterogeneous group with a variety of clinical outcomes and they are at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prediction of conversion from MCI to AD using the initial neuroimaging studies is an important research topic. We investigated the initial regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in individuals with 76 amnesic MCI (52 subjects converted to AD and 24 subjects did not convert to AD at 3-year follow-up) and 57 age- and gender-matched controls. We sought functional profiles associated with conversion to AD, then evaluated the predictive value of the initial rCBF SPECT. As compared with controls, AD converters demonstrated reduced blood flow in the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, precunei, posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral parietal association areas, and the right middle temporal gyrus. Non-converters also demonstrated significant reduction of rCBF in the posterior cingulated cortices and the right caudate nucleus when compared to controls. As compared with non-converters, converters showed reductions of rCBF in the bilateral temporo-parietal areas and the precunei. The logistic regression model revealed that reduced rCBF in the inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, and precunei has high predictive value and discriminative ability. Although a cross-validation study is needed to conclude the usefulness of rCBF SPECT for the prediction of AD conversion in individuals with MCI, our data suggest that the initial rCBF SPECT studies of individuals with MCI may be useful in predicting who will convert to AD in the near future.     

不同剂量舒芬太尼复合曲马多用于老年髋部手术后患者静脉自控镇痛

[目的]评价不同剂量舒芬太尼复合曲马多用于老年髋部手术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果.[方法]选择本院在连续硬膜外麻醉下择期髋部手术老年患者60例,随机分为三组.A组：舒芬太尼 50 μg ＋曲马多300 mg;B组：舒芬太尼100 μg ＋曲马多300 mg;C组：舒芬太尼150 μg ＋曲马多300 mg.三组镇痛药物均加入氟哌啶2.5 mg,用生理盐水稀释至100 mL.手术结束前连接PCA泵,镇痛模式为负荷剂量2 mL,持续剂量 1. 2 mL/h, PCA为 2 mL,锁定时间 20 min,全程观察24 h.分别于术后 2～4 h、8～10 h、12～20 h、22～24 h访视记录患者 VAS评分,镇痛药用量、PCA按压次数、Ramsay镇静评分和生命体征及不良反应.[结果]术后 24 h各时段 B、C两组 VAS评分均低于A组（P〈0.05）;与B组相比较,C组8～10 h、12～20 h VAS评分均降低（P〈0.05）;各时段 B、C两组镇痛药用量明显少于A组（P〈0.05）.在 2～4 h、8～10 h时间段 PCA有效按压次数 B、C两组明显低于 A组（P〈0.05）;三组患者各时段 Ramsay镇静评分未见明显差异.[结论]150 μg舒芬太尼复合300 mg曲马多用于老年髋部手术后患者PCIA,临床效果好,安全可靠.