Cardioprotective effects of sinomenine in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.     

益气活血复方对慢性心力衰竭大鼠TNF—α及IL-6的影响

目的探讨中药益气活血复方对慢性心力衰竭大鼠血清中TNF-α及IL-6的影响。方法选用健康雄性Wistar大白鼠，采用冠状动脉结扎术配合饥饿、游泳等方法造成慢性心力衰竭的动物模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为4组：模型组、中药大剂量组、中药中剂量组和西药对照组，每组8只；另设一组正常大鼠作为对照组。喂药及正常喂养8周后，用彩色超声多普勒心动图测定大鼠心功能且采用放射免疫方法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），白介素6（IL-6）的含量。结果大鼠模型组心功能明显降低（P〈0．01）；血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量显著高于对照组（P均〈0．01）；中药组和西药组TNF-α及IL-6含量均低于模型组（P均〈0．01）。结论益气活血复方可以降低TNF-α、IL-6的水平，改善心脏功能。     

特步他林并布地奈德治疗对急性支气管哮喘患者IL-5、IL-10及TNF-α的影响

目的研究急性支气管哮喘(BA)经特步他林并布地奈德治疗后白介素-5(IL-5)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化。方法选取2016年1月至2020年12月商丘市中医院收治的122例急性BA患者的临床资料进行分析,根据不同治疗方法分为研究组(n=62,特步他林+布地奈德)和对照组(n=60,特步他林),比较两组临床疗效、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气容器(FEV1)、1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1/FVC%)、治疗前后IL-5、IL-10、TNF-α变化及不良反应情况。结果研究组总疗效(93.55%)高于对照组(81.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC%均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组IL-5、TNF-α水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组,两组IL-10水平均上升,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论特步他林与布地奈德联合治疗急性BA...     

金欣口服液对呼吸道合胞病毒感染大鼠Ⅰ型干扰素表达的影响

目的:探讨金欣口服液对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染大鼠Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN)-α/β表达的影响。方法:采用细胞培养、动物实验、ELISA(酶标记免疫吸附测定)法检测大鼠体内IFN-I表达量的变化。结果:金欣口服液预防组和中剂量组IFN-α表达量高于模型组(P<0.05);金欣口服液高、中剂量组IFN-β表达量高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:金欣口服液抗RSV的机制可能与其通过上调RSV感染宿主体内Ⅰ型干扰素的表达,从而发挥Ⅰ型干扰素的抗病毒效应有关。     

针刺对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠双侧脑组织白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的:探讨脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠双侧脑组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达变化及针刺的干预作用。方法:以右侧大脑中动脉线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为模型组、假手术组和针刺组,每组再按照再灌注后时间分12、24、48、72、96、144h6个时间点,每个时间点6只大鼠,另设正常组6只。针刺组电针刺激"百会"和"足三里"穴,每日1次,每次20min。应用免疫组化法检测大鼠双侧脑组织IL-1β及TNF-α的表达量。结果:IL-1β在脑缺血大鼠患侧脑区呈双峰表达,模型组峰值时间为48h和96h,针刺组为72h,针刺组IL-1β表达量显著低于模型组,但高于假手术组和正常组(均P<0.05);IL-1β在脑缺血大鼠健侧脑区表达高于假手术组和正常组,除72h组外,针刺组各个时间点的表达低于模型组(均P<0.05)。TNF-α在患侧脑区呈单峰表达,模型组和针刺组峰值时间均为72h,针刺组表达量显著低于模型组,但高于假手术组和正常组(均P<0.05);TNF-α在脑缺血大鼠健侧脑区表达高于假手术组和正常组(均P<0.05)。结论:针刺可通过调节脑缺血大鼠双侧脑组织IL-1β及TNF-α的表达,干预脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的炎性反应。     

舒郁散对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为及海马糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

目的观察舒郁散对慢性不可预见性应激（CUMS）抑郁大鼠的行为变化及对大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）含量、海马内糖皮质激素受体表达的影响。方法50只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、百忧解组、舒郁散小剂量组、舒郁散大剂量组。对大鼠进行21d的CUMS刺激,采用糖水实验、悬尾实验观察大鼠的行为改变．用ELISA法测大鼠脑组织TNF-α含量,免疫组化观察大鼠海马GR表达。结果百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组大鼠的尾悬不动时间明显延长、糖水消耗百分率明显下降,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．01）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠悬尾不动时间明显减少,糖水消耗量明显增加,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠脑组织TNF—α含量显著降低,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。模型组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显减少,百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显增加,平均光密度明显增强,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论动物行为学显示舒郁散具有抗抑郁作用,这种作用与降低CUMS抑郁大鼠脑组织TNF一仪含量,增强海马糖皮质激素受体表达有关,上述作用与其剂量呈正相关。     

Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by Chaihuang-Yishen granule through anti-inflammatory mechanism in streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetics

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditional Chinese medical herbs have been used in China for a long time to treat different diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS) was developed and has been employed clinically to treat chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to investigate its mechanism of action in treatment of DN.

Materials and methods

Diabetic rats were established by having a right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were divided into four groups of sham, diabetes, diabetes with CHYS and diabetes with fosinopril. CHYS and fosinopril were given to rats by gavage for 20 weeks. Samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses.

Results

Rats treated with CHYS showed reduced 24 h urinary protein excretion, decreased serum TC and TG levels, but CHYS treatment did not affect blood glucose level. Glomerular mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats were significantly alleviated by CHYS treatment. Moreover, CHYS administration markedly reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, as well as decreased protein levels of NF-κB p65, MCP-1, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the kidney of diabetic rats.

Conclusions

CHYS ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats through reduction of inflammatory cytokines and their intracellular signaling.     

肠易激综合征大鼠炎性细胞因子水平及宁肠汤对其影响的研究

目的探讨应激法诱导的肠易激综合征（IBS）大鼠免疫功能的变化及宁肠汤对炎性细胞因子的调节作用。方法将实验动物随机分为正常组、模型组、匹维溴胺组及宁肠汤高、中、低剂量组，以慢性束缚＋夹尾刺激作为复合应激原诱导IBS大鼠模型。正常组、模型组给予生理盐水灌胃，中药组予不同剂量宁肠汤药液灌胃，匹维溴胺组予匹维溴胺水溶液灌胃，共用药4周。采用放免法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）含量，观察宁肠汤对IBS大鼠肠运动功能及免疫功能的调节作用。结果IBS大鼠免疫功能紊乱，血清TNF-α、IL-8含量增高（P〈0.01）。而宁肠汤能调节IBS大鼠肠运动功能，降低血清TNF-α、IL-8含量，改善其免疫功能。结论IBS存在免疫功能紊乱，宁肠汤可通过降低血清TNF-α、IL-8含量，调节免疫功能紊乱，从而发挥对IBS的治疗作用。     

TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性研究

目的探讨TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因态性及环境因素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发生的相关性。方法根据患者的年龄、性别,病例组与对照组按1∶2配对设计的病例对照研究方法,调查180例住院COPD患者和360例健康体检者的基本信息,并应用PCR-RFLP技术检测研究对象的TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489的基因型,采用Logistic回归分析TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因型和吸烟因素与COPD的关系及其两者间的交互作用。结果①病例组与对照组患者的年龄、性别差异无统计学意义,吸烟、肺癌家族史、FEV1/Pre、FEV1/FVC 2组间差异有统计学意义。②病例组TNF-α+308的等位基因A频率为15.6%,对照组为8.2%,等位基因A发生COPD的风险OR值为2.06(95%CI(1.39,3.05));病例组与对照组的TNF-α+489的等位基因A频率分别为16.1%和6.9%,TNF-α+489等位基因A发生COPD的风险OR值为2.55(95%CI(1.71,3.09))。③以显性遗传模式估计,TNF-α+308(+)联合吸烟因素发生COPD的OR值5.36(95%CI(2.81,10.23)),TNF-α+489(+)联合吸烟因素发生COPD的OR值为8.18(95%CI(4.08,16.38))。④TNF-α+308联合TNF-α+489(+)发生COPD的OR值为4.02(95%CI(1.89,8.52)),高于TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因型独立作用。结论 TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因多态性与COPD相关,与吸烟因素存在相加正交互作用。TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因多态性可增加吸烟患者发生COPD的风险。     

Chinese herbal medicine-derived compounds for cancer therapy: A focus on hepatocellular carcinoma

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype of primary liver cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC, the option for effective systemic treatment is quite limited. There exists a critical need to explore and evaluate possible alternative strategies for effective control of HCC. With a long history of clinical use, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is emerging as a noticeable choice for its multi-level, multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. With the aids of phytochemistry and molecular biological approaches, in the past decades many CHM-derived compounds have been carefully studied through both preclinical and clinical researches and have shown great potential in novel anti-HCC natural product development. The present review aimed at providing the most recent developments on anti-HCC compounds derived from CHM, especially their underlying pharmacological mechanisms.

Materials and methods

A systematic search of anti-HCC compounds from CHM was carried out focusing on literatures published both in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline) and in Chinese academic databases (Wanfang and CNKI database).

Results

In this review, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the anti-HCC effects and targets of several representative CHM-derived compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, berberine, quercetin, tanshinone II-A and celastrol. Their mechanisms of anti-HCC behaviors, potential side effects or toxicity and future research directions were discussed.

Conclusion

Herbal compounds derived from CHM are of much significance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against HCC. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-HCC therapy and modernization of CHM.