胃神经鞘瘤的MSCT表现

目的：探索胃神经鞘瘤(GS)的 MSCT特征。方法纳入16例手术病理证实的 GS患者,回顾性分析患者的 MSCT 资料。结果16例患者均为单发性 GS,病灶位于胃窦、胃体以及胃底,分别为5例、10例和1例。MSCT 资料分析显示瘤体形态,13例呈圆形或类圆形,3例形态不规则略呈分叶状生长。生长方式分析提示13例瘤体腔内外双向生长,1例腔内生长,1例腔外生长,1例由于胃十二指肠套叠无法判断生长方式。平扫发现14例呈均匀等密度,1例少许坏死,1例可见点状钙化,增强后呈渐进性均匀强化。结论 GS多位于胃体或胃窦,呈圆形或类圆形,同时向腔内外生长,坏死与钙化少见,增强扫描呈渐进性均匀强化,无周围侵犯与转移。     

内听道后壁磨除在前庭神经鞘瘤显微手术治疗中的作用

目的评价内听道后壁磨除对于处理前庭神经鞘瘤内听道内肿瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析自2003年1月至2006年12月,经内听道入路连续显微手术治疗的103例前庭神经鞘瘤。结果术后CT显示部分内听道后壁磨除组从内听道底平均内听道后壁缩短至4.6mm±1.0mm（n=48）;55例内听道后壁广泛磨除组,内听道后壁平均残留1.9mm±0.5mm（从内听道底起）。迷路的解剖位置位于S-F线外侧者52例,位于S-F线上者23例,位于S-F线内侧者28例。术后没有出现与手术有关的永久性并发症,死亡率为0%。结论显微内听道（IAM）后壁磨除在前庭神经鞘瘤切除过程中可提供更好的外科手术入路。     

Giant cauda equina schwannoma with dystrophic calcifications : case report and review of the literature

Giant spinal schwannoma of the cauda equine involving many nerve roots is rare, and ossification is usually not observed in the schwannoma. A 21-year-old man presented with a 12-month history of urinary dysfunction and numbness below the buttocks. Plain radiography showed scalloping of the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies from L4 to the sacrum, and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a giant cauda equina tumor with dystrophic calcification. The tumor was completely removed, with intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring. Histopathologic examination showed that the tumor was a schwannoma. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, with urinary function and numbness gradually improving. Although a giant schwannoma accompanied by dystrophic calcification is extremely rare, such a tumor can be removed safely and completely by meticulous dissection and careful neuromonitoring of the cauda equina spinal nerves involved in the tumor.     

Toothache Caused by Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to Vestibular Schwannoma: A Case Report

Introduction

Vestibular schwannoma, also called acoustic neuroma, is a tumor composed of Schwann cells that most commonly involves the vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve. A thorough medical and dental history and properly conducted diagnostic testing and radiographic evaluation are essential in differentiating odontogenic tooth pain from tooth pain of a nonodontogenic origin.

Methods

This report discusses a case of acoustic neuroma mimicking odontogenic pain. A 61-year-old man presented with pain in the lower left quadrant. Medical history revealed peripheral neuropathy and prior exposure to Agent Orange. Diagnostic testing on teeth #19, #20, and #21 ruled out an odontogenic cause for the pain. Brushing of a specific region of the face elicited pain that resembled the patient's chief concern. The patient was referred to a craniofacial pain center with the tentative diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia was not successful, prompting referral to the neurosurgery department where magnetic resonance imaging was performed.

Results

Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a moderate-size, lobular, left cerebellopontine angle mass lesion consistent with acoustic neuroma with compression of the left trigeminal nerve secondary to the lesion.

Conclusions

Acoustic neuroma can cause tooth pain secondary to compression of the trigeminal nerve.     

Outcome analysis of 40 cases of vestibular schwannoma: A comparison of sitting and Park bench surgical position

The present study retrospectively reviews our experience in 40 cases of vestibular schwannoma, operated between the years 1995 and 2002. All the patients underwent tumour resection either in sitting or in the Park bench position via the suboccipital retromastoid route. The position of the patient was selected arbitrarily. Precordial Doppler echocardiography was used to monitor air embolism. Operative results, including the size of the tumour, completeness of resection, anatomical and functional preservation of the facial nerve, operative complications and mortality were analysed and compared in these two operative positions. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of surgical results between these two groups.      

Major-nerve schwannomas versus intramuscular schwannomas

Background: A schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve tumor. Predicting the involvement of a nerve on symptoms or magnetic resonance (MR) findings is crucial to the diagnostic process.

Purpose: To compare symptoms, MR findings, and histological findings between major-nerve schwannomas and intramuscular schwannomas.

Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients with 36 palpable schwannomas (29 major-nerve schwannomas and seven intramuscular schwannomas) surgically excised and proven histologically were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Frequencies of the Tinel-like sign, split-fat sign, entering and exiting nerve, and low-signal margin indicate the presence of a nerve, and were significantly higher in major-nerve schwannomas than in intramuscular schwannomas. In tumor morphological patterns (target sign, inhomogeneous and homogeneous pattern), there were no significant differences between major-nerve schwannomas and intramuscular schwannomas. Schwannomas showing the target sign histologically tended to be less degenerative. All major-nerve schwannomas and five of the intramuscular schwannomas produced some characteristic symptoms and/or MR findings, but two intramuscular schwannomas did not have any characteristic symptoms and findings.

Conclusion: In major-nerve schwannomas, the Tinel-like sign, split-fat sign, entering and exiting nerve, and low-signal margin are commonly observed and useful for diagnosis. In intramuscular schwannomas, these characteristic findings are less common, which makes diagnosis difficult.     

Contemporary management of primary parapharyngeal space tumors

The parapharyngeal space is a complex anatomical area. Primary parapharyngeal tumors are rare tumors and 80% of them are benign. A variety of tumor types can develop in this location; most common are salivary gland neoplasm and neurogenic tumors. The management of these tumors has improved greatly owing to the developments in imaging techniques, surgery, and radiotherapy. Most tumors can be removed with a low rate of complications and recurrence. The transcervical approach is the most frequently used. In some cases, minimally invasive approaches may be used alone or in combination with a limited transcervical route, allowing large tumors to be removed by reducing morbidity of expanded approaches. An adequate knowledge of the anatomy and a careful surgical plan is essential to tailor management according to the patient and the tumor. The purpose of the present review was to update current aspects of knowledge related to this more challenging area of tumor occurrence.     

High jugular bulb in the translabyrinthine approach to the cerebellopontine angle: anatomical considerations and surgical management

Summary Background. Evidence of a high jugular bulb position (HJBP) during the translabyrinthine approach may compromise the surgical removal of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumours. We report a simple surgical procedure to safely manage this frequent normal variation and comment on various alternative options. Methods. The translabyrinthine approach included a complete skeletonization of the sigmoid sinus and of the presigmoid dura. A thin eggshell bone was left at the jugular bulb surface. The dome of the jugular bulb was gently dissected from the jugular fossa and gradually retracted downward in a tailored way, allowing the surgeon to drill below the internal auditory meatus. A small piece of bone was wedged over the jugular dome in order to maintain its lowered position. Results. Among 178 consecutive translabyrinthine approaches performed for the removal of large CPA tumors, the use of this procedure was required in 44 cases of HJBP. Excepting minimal venous bleeding easily controlled in several cases, we never observed any complication from this procedure nor failure to expose the inferior compartment of the CPA. Conclusions. The HJBP can be systematically diagnosed with the preoperative CT-scan using bone window imaging. Our results demonstrate that the described procedure is safe and effective to widen the operative corridor that is required for the exposure of the inferior compartment of the CPA in this anatomical situation.     

超声乳化技术辅助显微手术切除脊髓腹侧及腹外侧神经鞘瘤

目的 探讨超声乳化技术在椎管内脊髓腹侧及腹外侧神经鞘瘤切除术中的应用价值.方法 应用日本SONOPET MODEL UST-2001超声乳化吸引系统,采用后入路方法,结合显微手术切除40例椎管内脊髓腹侧及腹外侧神经鞘瘤.结果 术中全部病例均在超声乳化技术辅助下行肿瘤全切除,术中视野暴露清晰,椎板切除范围可控,无继发损伤发生,出血量为50～150 mL,平均出血量70 mL,术中均未输血,术后病理诊断证实为神经鞘瘤,术前后MR影像展示证实肿瘤全切除,术后所有患者神经功能均有明显恢复,住院天数8～12 d,平均10 d,随访3月～4年,无脊柱不稳、根痛、复发等现象.结论 后入路椎管内脊髓腹侧及腹外侧神经鞘瘤采用超声乳化技术辅助显微手术技术切除,是一种十分有效而安全的手术方法,特别是在骨窗形成和肿瘤全切除上,无物理性挤压、旋转撕脱伤及高温灼伤,且减少术中出血量,确保脊柱的稳定,避免术后疼痛,能充分达到微创的手术效果.     

Malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve

Our group have studied a patient affected by a malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve. Schwannomas are uncommon neoplasms that originate from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves: the most common forms are benign. Malignant transformation is rarer. The therapy is surgical and the operation undertaken, if possible, should be the amputation. Alternatively, where amputation is not possible due to the specific localisation or due to patient refusal, the alternative must be the largest and most radical excision possible.