Predictive model containing PI-RADS v2 score for postoperative seminal vesicle invasion among prostate cancer patients

BackgroundSeminal vesicle invasion (SVI) is considered to be one of most adverse prognostic findings in prostate cancer, affecting the biochemical progression-free survival and disease-specific survival. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has shown excellent specificity in diagnosis of SVI, but with poor sensitivity. The aim of this study is to create a model that includes the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) score to predict postoperative SVI in patients without SVI on preoperative mpMRI.MethodsA total of 262 prostate cancer patients without SVI on preoperative mpMRI who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution from January 2012 to July 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The prostate-specific antigen levels in all patients were <10 ng/mL. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with SVI, including the PI-RADS v2 score. A regression coefficient-based model was built for predicting SVI. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the performance of the model.ResultsSVI was reported on the RP specimens in 30 patients (11.5%). The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that biopsy Gleason grade group (GGG) and the PI-RADS v2 score were significant independent predictors of SVI (all P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model was 0.746 (P<0.001). The PI-RADS v2 score <4 and Gleason grade <8 yielded only a 1.8% incidence of SVI with a high negative predictive value of 98.2% (95% CI, 93.0–99.6%).ConclusionsThe PI-RADS v2 score <4 in prostate cancer patients with prostate-specific antigen level <10 ng/mL is associated with a very low risk of SVI. A model based on biopsy Gleason grade and PI-RADS v2 score may help to predict SVI and serve as a tool for the urologists to make surgical plans.     

Comparative effectiveness of robotic and open radical prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy (RP) has undergone a remarkable transformation from open to minimally-invasive surgery over the last two decades. However, it is important to recognize there is still conflicting evidence regarding key outcomes. We aimed to summarize current literature on comparative effectiveness of robotic and open RP for key outcomes including oncologic results, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures, safety and postoperative complications, and healthcare costs. The bulk of the paper will discuss and interpret limitations of current data. Finally, we will also highlight future directions of both surgical approaches and its potential impact on health care delivery.     

保留下颌骨舌癌联合根治术后复发部位及其因素的分析

作者报道６８例行保留下颌骨舌癌联合根治术病例,其中术后复发２３例,复发率为３３．８％。在这２３例中,其复发部位为：局部复发１５例,对侧颈淋巴结转移７例,肝转移１例。这表明术后局部复发病例数最多,占６５．２％（１５／２３）。此类复发病例再无拯救手术机会、预后极差。本文还着重分析了术后复发因素。认为术后复发与肿瘤原发部位及原发灶病变范围有关。     

Coronary endothelium-protective effects of defibrotide in ischaemia and reperfusion

Summary Defibrotide is known to enhance prostacyclin (PGI₂) release from the vascular endothelium. We investigated the vasoactive effects of defibrotide in isolated rat hearts perfused at constant flow subjected to ischaemia and reperfusion. Defibrotide at 10^–7 or 100 g/ml did not exert any direct vasoactive effect on normal rats hearts. However, ischaemia and reperfusion resulted in an impaired vasodilation to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator. In contrast, the vasodilator response to the endothelium-independent dilator, nitroglycerin, was unaffected. Defibrotide, at 10^–7 or 100 g/ml, markedly restored the vasodilation to acetylcholine 10^–7 nmol/l to 1 mol/l (P < 0.01) without influencing the vasodilator response to nitroglycerin (2 to 200 g/1). Haemoglobin (150 nmol/l) inhibited the dilation to acetylcholine in response to defibrotide. However, no evidence of (PGI₂) release was observed with acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the presence or absence of defibrotide. Additionally, 10–100 g/ml of defibrotide did not significantly decrease superoxide radicals generated by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase synthetic system under conditions in which superoxide dismutase was effective. Thus, defibrotide appears to exert an endothelium-protective effect preserving endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) without directly scavenging free signals.Supported in part by Research Grant No. HL-25575 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH Send offprint requests to A. M. Lefer at the above address     

银杏叶提取物在MPTP神经毒中的抗氧化作用

目的 观察银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo biloba leaves EGb)在1－甲基－4－苯基－1,2,3,6－四氢吡啶（1－methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyropyridine,MPTP)神经毒中的抗氧化作用。方法 采用大脑立体定位仪向黑质内注射MPTP,腹腔注射EGb连续20d,测定大鼠相关脑区中丙二醛（malondiadehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量的变化。结果 MPTP使黑质中的MDA增高,SOD降低;EGb对此有明显的抑制作用。结论 EGb在MPTP神经毒中有明显的抗氧化作用。     

围产期缺氧对新生儿脐血氧自由基的影响及意义

目的:探讨围产期缺氧而Apgar评分≥8分的新生儿脐血中氧自由基的变化情况。方法:以同期正常新生儿作对照,搜集围产期缺氧而生后Apgar评分≥8分的新生儿脐血,测定脐血中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(GPX)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:围产期缺氧能引起新生儿脐血中SOD及MDA显著意义的改变;GPX有一定程度的降低,与对照组比较无差异。结论:围产期缺氧能够造成氧自由基的生成增多和抗氧化酶的消耗,即使生后Apgar评分≥8分的新生儿,亦应加强监护,及时补充外源性抗氧化剂以预防缺氧后的多器官系统损伤。     

大鼠腹部岛状皮瓣氧自由基产生的实验研究

目的 :为了研究大鼠腹部皮瓣在缺血再灌注时氧自由基的变化 ;方法 :应用电子顺磁共振 (EPR)技术 ,对缺血再灌注后的SD大鼠腹壁岛状皮瓣进行了直接检测 ;结果 :大鼠腹壁皮瓣在缺血再灌注以后产生大量的超氧阴离子自由基 (O ·2 ) ;而且O ·2 变化十分活跃 ;结论 :大鼠腹壁岛状皮瓣是EPR研究氧自由基较为理想的模型     

上颌窦纵切口经唇龈沟填塞术腔止血研究

目的：减轻柯－陆上颌窦根治术术后并发症,减少手术步骤。方法：采用唇龈粘膜纵切口经唇龈沟填塞术腔止血术腔止血纱条填塞经唇龈沟径路行上颌窦根治术。结果：纵切口手术后出现上唇麻木、牙齿酸痛２例（５％）。切口处轻度肿胀１７例（４５％）,面颊前部局限性肿胀５例（１３％）,波及眼脸或整个面颊部１例（２％）。无肿胀１５例（３９．５％）抽去填塞物后有０．５ｍｌ～２ｍｌ渗血,无出血不止现象,切口均一期愈合。与传统术式３８例相比,经统计学处理后,两者有明显差别,Ｐ值〈０．０５。结论：经该上颌窦根治术治疗上颌窦疾病,术后并发症出现较少、程度较轻、持续时间较短、消失亦快,手术步骤减少,更符合鼻窦生理,减轻病人的痛苦。     

乳癌保留乳房手术的探讨

①目的 探讨乳癌保留乳房手术的可行性。②方法 将９０例Ⅰ,Ⅱ期乳癌病人随机分为两组,保留乳房手术组４２例,采用乳腺区段切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术;改良根治术组４８例,采用乳腺全切加腋窝淋巴结清扫术,术后两组均行放疗、化疗和内分泌治疗。比较两组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。③结果 乳癌保留乳房手术组３年生存率为９５．２％,５年生存率为９１．７％,发生并发症４例,改良根治术组３年生存率为９５．８％,５年生存率     

NO在外源性自由基损伤内皮细胞中的作用

目的：探讨ＮＯ在外源性自由基损伤内皮细胞（ＥＣ）中的作用。方法：培养的家兔主动脉ＥＣ随机分为四组：１．对照组（Ｃ,ｎ＝６）：２ｍｌＰＢＳ;２．自由基损伤组（Ｘ／ＸＯ,ｎ＝６）：２ｍｌＰＢＳ中加入终浓度为１μｍｏｌ／ｍｌＸ,０．１ＩＵ／ｍｌ的ＸＯ;３．Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组：含终浓度为１０＾－３Ｍ的Ｌ－Ａｒｇ,余同２;４．ＳＮＰ组：含终浓度为１０＾－５Ｍ的ＳＮＰ,余同２。在观察Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ对自由基损伤的作用时