褪黑素对豚鼠老年性聋的拮抗作用

目的:观察褪黑素对豚鼠老年性聋的拮抗作用.方法:80只豚鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(A组),老年性聋模型组(B组),褪黑素治疗的老年性聋模型组(C组0.3 mg/(kg·d和D组1.0 mg/(kg·d).以腹腔注射D-半乳糖制作老年性聋模型,4周后测量各组ABR、耳蜗组织谷胱甘搿-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,耳蜗铺片观察毛细胞变化情况.结果:与A组比较,B、C组ABR阈值、Ⅰ波潜伏期、Ⅲ波潜伏期及Ⅰ、Ⅲ波间期均升高,GSH-Px含量降低(P＜0.05或0.01).D组上述各指标与A组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).耳蜗铺片结果,B组耳蜗基底膜各周外毛细胞排列紊乱,大小不一,胞内颗粒染色变浅,可见细胞点状缺失;A、D组外毛细胞排列整齐,无缺失;C组介于B、D组之间.结论:褪黑素对老年性聋豚鼠听力及耳蜗毛细胞有保护作用,且与剂量有关.     

Understanding hormone and hormone therapies' impact on the auditory system

Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and aldosterone all demonstrate vital roles in sustaining auditory function through either the maintenance of cochlear neurons, up/down regulation of critical molecules (i.e., IGF-1, BDNF, etc.), or generation of the endocochlear potential. With disease and/or age, hormone expression begins to decline drastically, which ultimately affects cochlear structures and the integrity of cochlear cells. The following review explores the latest findings as well as realistic outcomes for hormone therapy treatment in the auditory system. This information could serve as a potential guide for patients considering hormone therapy as a medicinal choice to alleviate the signs of onset of presbycusis—age-related hearing loss. Additional scientific investigations could also be carried out to further enhance recent findings.     

Overview of Central Auditory Processing Deficits in Older Adults

Although there are many reported age-related declines in the human body, the notion that a central auditory processing deficit exists in older adults has not always been clear. Hearing loss and both structural and functional central nervous system changes with advancing age are contributors to how we listen, hear, and process auditory information. Even older adults with normal or near normal hearing sensitivity may exhibit age-related central auditory processing deficits as measured behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of assessment and rehabilitative approaches for central auditory processing deficits in older adults. It is hoped that the outcome of the information presented here will help clinicians with older adult patients who do not exhibit the typical auditory processing behaviors exhibited by others at the same age and with comparable hearing sensitivity all in the absence of other health-related conditions.     

Hearing threshold levels for an otologically screened population in Spain

Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide thresholds data as a function of age for an otologically normal population in Spain, compared to the current ISO 7029 (2000) standard. Design: A prospective study in an otologically screened population. Study sample: Data was collected from 1175 otologically-normal persons aged between 5 and 90 years. Inclusion criteria involved those listed in ISO 389-1 (1998) and the 8253-1 (2010). Suitability for inclusion was evaluated through interview, based on a questionnaire, and physical examination. Results: The hearing thresholds decreased slightly from 125 to 2000 Hz. From 2000 Hz onwards the thresholds increased; this increase being more pronounced with increasing frequency and age. No statistically significant sex differences were found. The hearing threshold levels in the present study were higher (poorer) than the ones provided by ISO 7029 (2000). Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that the thresholds listed in ISO 7029 (2000) may be too restrictive, and could be useful in formulating the ISO 7029 update.     

扬州地区老年人、中年人及青年人听力情况调查分析

目的 调查分析目前扬州地区老年人群（≥60岁）、中年人群（≥45岁且＜60岁）和青年人群（≥30岁且＜45岁）听力状况,着重了解老年性聋的分布和严重程度的相关情况,为老年性聋的预防、治疗提供科学可靠的依据。方法 用随机抽样的方法调查扬州市区、江都、仪征、宝应、高邮、安徽天长的听力情况。总共选取2 116人,运用纯音测听、声导抗、听力筛选等方法进行统计分析。结果 首先进行耳部检查,去除耵聍及异物等,确诊传导性听力损失人群（外耳或中耳疾病患者）,给予治疗指导意见,并在研究中予以排除,老年组人群听力减退比例为65.57%,其中轻度听力损失为46.78%,中度听力损失为13.31%,中重度听力损失为4.25%,重度听力损失为1.23%。中年组人群听力减退比例为48.12%,其中轻度、中度、中重度和重度听力损失分别为41.76%、4.34%、1.45%和0.58%。青年组人群听力减退比例为47.05%,其中各度听力损失分别为37.12%、6.76%、2.73%和0.43%,老年人、中年人及青年人听力损失的差异有统计学意义。结论 随着年龄增长,听力损失情况逐步加重。听阈随着年龄的增长而提高,并且在高频处,听力损失尤为明显。重视老年性疾病（如高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑供血不足等）的预防与治疗,避免噪声环境,拒绝烟酒等,对于防治老年患者的听力损失,有积极作用。     

Earphones in extended high-frequency audiometry and ISO 389-5

Abstract

Objective: To determine common reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPL) for the earphones used in the extended high-frequency (EHF) range, as different earphones are commercially available, but there are not RETSPLs for each model. Design: Hearing threshold sound pressure levels were measured up to 20 kHz for the Sennheiser HDA 200 audiometric earphone, and were compared to the ISO 389-5 (2006) norm and other investigations using that earphone and different ones. Study sample: A total of 223 otologically-normal subjects (aged 5–25 years old) participated in the hearing determination. Results: The results are in good agreement with previous studies of hearing thresholds using the same and other earphones. Conclusions: The results of the present investigation are relevant for the international standard for the calibration of audiometric equipment in the 8 to 16 kHz frequency range, ISO 389-5. The data may be used for a future update of the RETSPL for circumaural and insert audiometric earphones.     

Effect of Hypertension on Hearing Function,LDH and ChE of the Cochlea in Older Rats

Hypertensionisconsideredasanimportantriskfactorinmanypathologicalprocesses,includingtheagingprocessofthehearingorgan However ,itspre cisemechanismisunclear Inthepresentstudy ,weselectedspontaneouslyhypertensiveratstroke prone(SHRSP)astheanimalmodelwhichcanmimictheprocessofhumanhypertension Electrophysiologicandhistochemicalmethodswereappliedtoobservethechangesinhearing ,thetransformationofcochleapathologyandtheeffectofhypertensiononinnerearfunction ,aimedtoexplainthepathogenesisofhear inglos…     

豚鼠线粒体DNA4568缺失与老年性聋的关系

目的 探讨豚鼠听觉器官中线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)4568缺失与老年性聋的关系.方法 将44只豚鼠分为两组A组青年豚鼠22只;B组老年豚鼠22只.再将B组分为B1组(老年听力正常组6只)和B2组(老年聋组16只).应用听觉脑干反应(auditory brainstem response, ABR)测试豚鼠听力阈值,以左耳听阈为评判标准,并提取耳蜗螺旋器、听神经、大脑颞叶组织和外周血中的DNA,采用PCR技术检测mtDNA4568大片段缺失的情况,并与耳聋程度作比较. 结果 老年聋组(B2)豚鼠的ABR平均听阈值为(57.33±4.65)dBSPL,明显高于老年听力正常组B1[(23.00±1.43)dBSPL]和青年组[A组(15.90±1.05)dBSPL];老年组不同器官组织中mtDNA4568缺失率均明显高于青年组;老年聋组耳蜗螺旋器组织和听神经组织中mtDNA4568缺失率明显高于老年听力正常组;而大脑颞叶组织mtDNA4568缺失率在两组间差异无统计学意义;血液中仅极少数存在mtDNA缺失,未纳入统计分析.结论 豚鼠mtDNA4568缺失的发生与老龄有关;与听觉有关的耳蜗螺旋器组织和听神经组织中mtDNA4568缺失与老年性聋有关;大脑颞叶组织和外周血中mtDNA4568缺失与老年性聋的关系尚待进一步研究.