骶尾部脊髓脂肪瘤的手术技巧

目的 介绍骶尾部脊髓脂肪瘤的病理解剖及相应的手术技巧.方法 2005年9月至2012年1月,上海儿童医学中心手术治疗骶尾部脊髓脂肪瘤119例,年龄1个月至18岁,神经系统症状有大小便失禁和(或)双下肢功能障碍.手术方法包括:切除皮下和椎管内脊髓外的脂肪瘤,脊髓内的脂肪瘤大部分切除,将脊髓从两侧硬脊膜上剪开,圆锥从硬脊膜囊末端剪开并分离下来,松解脊髓栓系.结果 骶尾部脊髓脂肪瘤主要病理解剖与腰骶部脊髓脂肪瘤相似,不同之处在于圆锥生长在末端硬膜囊上,圆锥发出的脊神经从圆锥腹侧斜向下方发出,脂肪瘤仅生长到脊髓内,并未生长到脊髓下方的脊神经内.108例得到随访,随访时间0.5～7.0年.术前有症状的患儿,术后多数有不同程度改善,1例症状加重,6例术后症状一过性加重;10例无症状者术后9例仍然无症状,1例症状一过性加重.结论 只有充分认识骶尾部脊髓脂肪瘤病理解剖,才能最大限度地切除脂肪瘤,彻底解除脊髓栓系,同时又能避免神经损伤,重建脊髓的正常解剖结构,最大限度恢复神经功能.     

膝关节滑膜树枝状脂肪瘤的MRI与病理对照分析

目的 探讨膝关节滑膜树枝状脂肪瘤(SLA)的MRI表现及与病理表现的对应关系,提高认识和诊断水平.方法 对22例(23个膝关节)经病理证实的膝关节SLA患者的MRI资料进行回顾性分析.结果 23个膝关节病灶均累及髌上囊,并可同时累及关节囊其他部位,增厚的滑膜呈“棕榈叶”状或“团块”状向关节腔突起,其信号可分为2种类型:Ⅰ型39个病灶,突起滑膜呈脂肪信号(T1WI高、T2WI稍高信号,抑脂扫描信号抑制),边缘强化,病理检查证实滑膜下大量成熟脂肪细胞;Ⅱ型14个病灶,呈非脂肪信号(T1WI呈中等稍低信号,T2WI呈中等稍高信号,抑脂扫描信号无抑制),增强扫描明显强化,病理证实滑膜下无脂肪浸润.结论 膝关节SLA具有特征性的MRI表现,反映了其病理特征.     

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia secondary to cardiac lipoma: A case report

We present the case of a 29‐year‐old man who developed ventricular tachycardia (VT) secondary to a cardiac lipoma located adjacent to the interventricular groove, which could not be fully resected. Antiarrhythmic drugs and endocardial and epicardial ablation failed to prevent VT recurrence. Finally, noninvasive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) targeting the lipoma was performed, with a total dose of 24 Gy delivered in three fractions. The number of VT episodes was reduced from 189/24 h before SBRT to 0 after the procedure. At 4‐month follow‐up, there were no signs of therapy‐related complications. Our experience suggests that SBRT could emerge as a viable treatment option for patients with cardiac tumors who develop refractory ventricular arrhythmias.     

Dendritic fibromyxolipoma: A variant of spindle cell lipoma with extensive myxoid change,with cytogenetic evidence

Dendritic fibromyxolipoma (DFML), a rare, recently described distinct benign soft tissue tumor, has many clinicopathological features reminiscent of spindle cell lipoma and solitary fibrous tumor with myxoid change. It is distinguished histologically from both entities by the presence of spindle and stellate cells with dendritic cytoplasmic prolongations, prominent myxoid stroma with abundant keloidal collagen and occasional small plexiform vascular proliferation. We describe a case of histologically confirmed DFML of the left shoulder in a 67‐year‐old male, in which subsequent cytogenetic analysis revealed deletion involving 13q14.3 region in all the tumor cells, typically detected in spindle cell lipoma. In the presence of many clinicopathological similarities between DFML and spindle cell lipoma including chromosomal abnormalities, we postulate that DFML is merely a rare variant of spindle cell lipoma with extensive myxoid degeneration, and may not be considered as a separate entity. The possible differential diagnosis and their distinguishing features are briefly discussed.     

A case report of a Cerebellopontine angle lipoma revealed by vertigo

Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lipoma is an extremely rare lesion representing only 0.1% of all the CPA tumors. We present a case of a 56‐year‐old woman with a 6‐month history of vertigo. Cerebral MRI showed a left CPA lipoma. The patient was managed conservatively.     

颅内脂肪瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨MRI对颅内脂肪瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾分析21例经CT和MRI确诊的颅内脂肪瘤的影像学表现;比较CT和MRI对诊断颅内脂肪瘤的优缺点。结果脂肪肿块CT值为-100Hu左右;MRI检查,在T1WI上呈特征性的高信号,在T2WI上呈略高信号,信号均匀一致;采用脂肪抑制技术后脂肪信号强度明显降低,且与皮下脂肪及球后脂肪的信号变化完全相同。结论MRI是检查和诊断颅内脂肪瘤首选的影像学检查手段,尤其对显示一些小脂肪瘤和脂肪瘤与邻近组织结构的解剖关系及伴发的颅脑其他畸形更具优越性。     

Surgical management of lipomas: Proposal of the Z‐incision design and surgical algorithm based on tumor size

Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for lipomas. However, linear incision methods or minimal extraction techniques often do not provide a sufficient surgical view. Therefore, removing large lipomas is often difficult. To present the Z‐incision and half Z‐incision designs for lipoma extraction, this retrospective study analyzed lipomas surgically excised at our institution between September 2015 and December 2018. The area of surgical field exposed by the Z‐incision versus that exposed by the linear incision was calculated using a schematic model. Cure rate, complications, and surgical field area were investigated. A total of 84 lipomas were included. A Z‐ or half Z‐incision was used to treat 30 lipomas, while a linear incision was used to treat 54 lipomas. The mean diameter of the mass in the Z‐ or half Z‐incision group was 47.7 mm (range, 15–160 mm), larger than that in the linear incision group (25.5 mm; range, 7–59 mm) (p < .001). The Z‐incision involved making rectangular windows by lifting 2 triangular flaps. According to our mathematical model, the Z‐incision provided a larger surgical field area than that provided by the linear incision based on stretched angles (1.81 times larger at 30° and 3.14 times larger at 15°). The Z‐ and half Z‐incisions were successfully performed in all but 1 lipoma (29 lipomas, 96.7%). There was 1 lipoma that resulted in postoperative complications (seroma, 3.3%). The Z‐incision design can be a useful alternative technique for the extirpation of lipomas, especially large lipomas. Here, we proposed a surgical algorithm for lipoma surgery based on tumor size.