Characterization of impurities in commercial lots of sodium saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process. II. Mutagenicity

The mutagenic activity of solvent extracts of specific manufacturing lots of saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process was studied in detail. All the individual components identified were found to be non-mutagenic. The mutagenic activity of saccharin lot S-1469 was traced to a moderately polar chromatographic fraction representing impurities present in the saccharin at a level of less than 1.5 ppm, but was not attributable to a single component. In view of the low level of mutagenic activity observed and the low concentration of total impurities in Sherwin-Williams saccharin, the mutagenic material(s) are probably of no significance in animal feeding studies.     

Full publication of abstracts of randomised controlled trials published at International Continence Society meetings'

AIMS: To find out how many abstracts reporting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that are submitted to scientific meetings of the International Continence Society (ICS) are later published in full, and any predictors of full publication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The appropriate issues of "Neurourology and Urodynamics" and the Proceedings of the ICS for 1998 and 1999 were hand-searched for the abstracts reporting RCTs. Bibliographic databases (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, Psychlit, CINAHL) were searched, using the authors' names, to find full publications. Authors were contacted when no full publication was found to check that all full publications had been found. This was repeated for 1987. RESULTS: Sixty-three abstracts reporting RCTs were found in 1998 and 1999. Twenty-five of these (40%) were followed by full publication. The only characteristic that predicted full publication was the use of a no treatment control group. In 1987, 16 of 19 abstracts (84%) went on to be published in full. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of full publication of abstracts reporting RCTs submitted to recent ICS meetings is low. It is lower than the rate of 56% found in other meetings. As it is widely regarded as unethical not to publish in full, ICS members should make every effort to write-up studies for peer-reviewed publication.     

Superstition and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine whether post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occur more frequently in redheaded children, in patterns of threes, on Friday-the-13th days, or with the full moon. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control analysis. METHODS: The authors performed multiple statistical analyses of all children undergoing tonsillectomy at Temple University Children's Medical Center (Philadelphia, PA) during a 29-month period. Children readmitted to the hospital with or without surgical control of bleeding were compared with children who did not bleed. Relation of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages to the phase of the moon was evaluated using a standard normal deviate. The frequency of surgery performed on Friday-the-13th days was compared with a differently dated Friday chosen at random. Clusters of three hemorrhages in a 7-day period were recorded. Families of children were contacted and asked whether their child had red hair. A chi analysis compared redheaded and non-redheaded tonsillectomy patients. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 589 tonsillectomy cases performed required readmission for bleeding events. Twenty tonsillectomies occurred on a full-moon day, resulting in one bleeding event. One cluster of three post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occurred in a 7-day period. Four of the children who bled had red hair. Two tonsillectomies occurred on Friday the 13th, with no associated hemorrhage. Statistical analysis revealed a random pattern to post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages do not occur in clusters of three and are not more frequent with the full moon or on Friday the 13th. The bleeding rate among children with red hair is similar to that of non-redheaded children.     

Intrauterine growth retardation in full-term newborn infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is an overlooked problem in full-term infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g. Birth weight less than the 10th percentile underestimates the presence of IUGR. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IUGR in full-term infants and to identify sociodemographic and maternal characteristics associated with IUGR. The Ohio Department of Health Vital Statistics database was used to obtain data related to sociodemographic and maternal characteristics. The fetal growth ratio (FGR) was used to determine the presence of IUGR. The sample consisted of 1,569 infants with normal ratios and 1,364 infants classified as IUGR. Infants with IUGR were more often male and African American or Asian American. Maternal characteristics associated with IUGR included history of smoking during pregnancy, lower pre-pregnancy weight, lower weight gain during pregnancy, and inadequate prenatal care. IUGR is present in a significant number of full-term infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g. The long-term effects of IUGR in these infants remain to be determined.     

Ipsilateral full-thickness forearm skin graft for covering the radial forearm flap donor site

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The technique of the ipsilateral full-thickness forearm skin graft for covering the defect of radial forearm free flap (RFFF) improves aesthetic impairment at the recipient and donor sites by split-thickness skin graft repair and omits the need to make an extraoperative site for harvesting the skin graft. However, in this technique, the RFFF is limited in size. In the present study, we considered a model of the forearm and calculated the possible size of the RFFF for using this technique. METHODS: The calculation was conducted under assumptions that the isosceles-triangle skin graft is elevated as its height is twice the RFFF length in the direction of the forearm axis and that the forearm skin defect can be primarily closed with a width shorter than one-fourth of the wrist circumference. The calculation revealed that this technique is feasible when the RFFF width, that is, the length vertical to the forearm axis, is shorter than half of the wrist circumference. We repaired the RFFF defect using this technique in 15 patients with head and neck cancer in whom the RFFF size conformed to the above-mentioned condition. RESULTS: When the RFFF width was shorter than half of the wrist circumference and the isosceles-triangle skin graft was elevated as its height was twice the RFFF length, the RFFF defect could be repaired using this technique in all 15 patients. CONCLUSION: The above-mentioned condition (that the RFFF width is shorter than half of the wrist circumference) is useful for determining whether or not the technique of ipsilateral full-thickness forearm skin graft can be used for covering the RFFF defect.     

小切口腹膜外全层缝合法治疗阑尾炎并发穿孔21例临床分析

[背景]探讨小切口腹膜外全层缝合法对阑尾炎并发穿孔病例术后切口感染的预防效果.[病例报告]选择延边大学附属医院自2006年1月至2007年11月间收治的阑尾炎并发穿孔患者21例,实施麦氏点小切口腹膜外全层缝合阑尾切除术,术后均未发生切口感染及腹腔脓肿,2例术后切口处出现少量渗液,拆线后处置1次,愈合.[讨论]小切口腹膜外全层缝合法治疗阑尾炎并发穿孔可预防切口感染,降低术后感染率,损伤小.     

基于医院成本核算、全面预算的财务管理探讨

文章探讨了加强现代医院财务管理、实现财务管理目标的几层环环相扣的关键面：在资产清查、建立实物管理制度、健全医院财务管理制度的基础上，开展科室、项目、病种成本核算，建立成本管理系统， 推行以成本预测、决策、计划、核算、控制、分析及考核为主要内容的成本管理；以沉淀的成本数据为依据，实现全面预算管理，对医院的各项经济活动进行统筹安排和全面控制；建立绩效考核分配体系，以此为激励杠杆，确保成本管理及全面预算的实施；引入“资金成本”、“风险”观念，加强医院的筹资、投资、运营等资金运作。     

综合治疗牙隐裂的临床疗效

目的：评价隐裂牙综合治疗的临床效果。方法：对92颗隐裂牙进行综合治疗，1年后随访观察。结果：92颗隐裂牙经调合、带环固定、根管治疗、填充、全冠修复等一套综合疗法治疗，并经1～3年临床追踪观察，成功84例，成功率达91.30％。失败8例．占8.70％。结论：综合治疗可以保留牙体组织并恢复咬合力，是隐裂牙治疗较理想的方法。     

SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E IN CORD BLOOD FROM PRETERM AND FULL TERM INFANTS

ABSTRACT. Selenium was determined in erythrocytes and serum, and vitamin E and β-lipoprotein in serum from cord blood samples of 31 full term and 20 preterm infants. Venous samples from 21 mothers at birth and 15 normal adult women were also analyzed. No difference for either selenium or vitamin E was found between the preterm and full term infants. The selenium concentration in red blood cells was the same for newborn, mothers at birth, and normal adult women. The serum concentration of selenium was, however, significantly lower in the newborn, the mean level in the children being 64% of that in the mothers. The level in the mothers did not differ from that in non-pregnant women. The vitamin E concentration was found to correlate very well with the β-lipoprotein concentration. This indicates that differences in the transport capacity account for the large difference in the serum tocopherol levels of mothers at birth and newborn.     

登革1型病毒广州06株基因组全长感染性克隆的构建与鉴定

目的:构建本室新分离的登革1型病毒广州06株基因组全长感染性cDNA克隆,为深入研究登革病毒致病机制奠定基础.方法:根据登革1型病毒广州06株基因组全序列中单一酶切位点设计特异引物,分别扩增并克隆5个病毒亚基因组cDNA片段,将其逐一拼接连入pWSK 29低拷贝质粒载体,获得病毒全长cDNA克隆,并将其体外转录为RNA,再转染细胞获得恢复病毒.进一步通过RT-PCR扩增病毒5′和3′非编码区序列和特异性间接免疫荧光对其恢复病毒进行鉴定.结果和结论:构建获得登革1型病毒广州06株基因组全长感染性cDNA克隆,其恢复病毒与野生型病毒具有相似的生物学特性.