Policemen's physical fitness in relation to the frequency of leisure-time physical excercise

Summary Ninety to ninety-five men (aged 27 to 46 years) from the police academy were the study subjects. Their prior habits of physical excercise, estimated aerobic capacity ( ), muscular performance, and thickness of subcutaneous fat were determined. The policemen were taller (181 cm vs 175 cm) and heavier (84 kg vs 74 kg) than the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man, and their (1 · min^–1) was higher (3.41 1 · min^–1 vs 2.96 1 min^–1 The frequency of prior physical exercise significantly correlated with most of the variables studied. Those policemen who did not exercise at all (n = 12) were inferior to the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man on all the physical fitness tests, whereas the results of the most active policemen (n = 23) were clearly higher. The results indicate that the selection of heavier and taller men for police training guarantees a certain absolute level of physical performance capacity. However, the physical activity involved in police work is insufficient to maintain a high level of physical fitness, which must be achieved through participation in regular and effective physical training.     

2018—2020年珠海市学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析珠海市2018—2020年学校流感样病例暴发疫情的流行特征和影响疫情规模的相关因素,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析疫情规模的影响因素。结果 2018—2020年珠海市学校累计报告67起流感样病例暴发疫情,累计发病人数1 746例。发病高峰为每年3月—6月和12月—次年1月,主要发生在小学,流感样病例的发病年龄高峰为6～8岁。病原体主要为B型、A(H3N2)亚型和A(H1N1)亚型流感病毒。暴发疫情涉及病例咽痛发生率>50%的学校发生大规模流感样病例暴发疫情的风险是咽痛发生率≤50%学校的4.308倍(95%CI:1.100～16.864)。结论 2018—2020年珠海市学校流感样病例暴发疫情主要集中在冬春季节的小学,高咽痛发生率是学校发生大规模疫情流感样病例暴发疫情的危险因素。     

2005—2020年盐城市丙型病毒性肝炎的流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2005—2020年盐城市丙肝病例报告资料,总结丙肝流行特征,为盐城市丙肝防制工作提供参考依据。方法 收集各年度丙肝报告病例和人口学资料,采用Excel 2016软件汇总并作描述性统计分析。采用Joinpoint regression program（JRP）4.9.0.0软件对丙肝年发病率进行趋势检验,采用SPSS 25.0软件和ArcGIS 10.6软件对病例数据进行统计分析。结果 2005—2020年盐城市累计报告丙肝病例2 555例,年报告发病率整体呈平缓增长趋势,最低为2005年的0.42/10万,最高为2019年的5.84/10万。年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)为14.5% （95% CI: 11.5%~17.6%）,P<0.01。除2019年外,其余各年丙肝疫情呈散发状态,无明显季节特征。报告病例数位居前三位的地区是亭湖区、滨海县以及东台市,分别占比19.77% （505/2 555）、14.01%（358/2 555）以及12.92%（330/2 555）。男女报告病例数比为1.33[DK]∶1,发病率最高的年龄组为70~79岁年龄组（56.94/10万）。农民为报告病例数最多的人群,占比59.33%（1 516/2 555）。确诊病例2 204例,临床诊断病例332例。结论 盐城市丙肝疫情呈上升趋势。全市应进一步扩大丙型肝炎病毒检测,加强丙肝防治宣传教育和完善社会医疗保障政策来提高丙肝治疗的可及性和可负担性,同时应进一步加强对于丙肝疫情的监测以及规范丙肝的诊疗,并对重点地区、重点人群开展精准的综合干预工作。     

A Qualitative Exploration of Predominantly White Non-Hispanic Tennessee WIC Participants’ Food Retail and WIC Clinic Experiences During COVID-19

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has widened many existing nutrition disparities. In response, federal nutrition assistance programs have introduced flexibility waivers in programs, including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), to rapidly respond to support the nutritional health status of income-eligible participants during COVID-19. Waivers were approved that permitted flexibilities in the WIC food package, WIC vendor guidelines, and WIC clinic experience. The impact of these waivers on WIC participants’ retail and clinic experiences remains unknown.ObjectivesOur aims were to understand the experiences of WIC participants in food retail settings and with WIC clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore WIC participants’ perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their family’s overall health, well-being, and daily lives.DesignWe conducted semi-structured phone interviews between April 30 and May 7, 2020.Participants/settingParticipants were 24 adults in WIC-enrolled families residing in Tennessee.AnalysisUsing grounded theory as the analytical framework, 2 coders completed an iterative, data-driven analytic process within NVivo, version 12. Hierarchical maps, coding matrices, and concept maps were used to aid direct content analysis for theme detection.ResultsFive primary themes emerged, including shopping barriers (existing compounded with new), coping strategies, impact on mental and emotional health, social comparison, and unintended consequences of COVID-19 on WIC families.ConclusionsCOVID-19 created additional barriers to food security among WIC families and negatively affected their health and well-being. To meet the needs of this vulnerable population during and beyond the pandemic, the carryover of WIC flexibilities (ie, physical presence and food package substitution waivers) after COVID-19 may improve the ease of overall program participation.     

A Cross-Sectional,Correlational Study Comparing Individual Characteristics of Younger and Older Nursing Home Residents using Western Canadian Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) 2.0

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics of nursing home (NH) residents by age categories in Western Canada.DesignA cross-sectional, correlational analysis of secondary data.Setting and Participants89,231 residents living in Western Canada NHs in the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and British Columbia in 2016 and 2017.MethodsResident characteristics (age, sex, marital status, body mass index, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, physical function, depressive symptoms) came from the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set 2.0 and were analyzed using chi-square, analysis of variance, and post hoc pairwise tests. Human developmental stage age categories were used to create 5 age groups: 18-34, 35-50, 51-64, 65-80, and 81 years and older.ResultsThe demographics, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, and physical function characteristics of NH residents among 5 age groups differed considerably (all P < .001). Residents aged 18-34 years were predominately male, never married, with a higher incidence of paralysis and traumatic brain injury. Residents aged 35-50 years had a higher incidence of stroke and multiple sclerosis, and residents aged 51-64 years mainly were morbidly obese and more prone to depression. Residents aged 65-80 years were predominately married and more prone to diabetes, and residents aged 81 years and older were predominately widowed, with a higher incidence of dementia compared with others.Conclusions and ImplicationsFindings describe the uniqueness of younger NH age groups and indicate that the youngest NH residents often have the severe disability and a modest support system (as defined by partnered status) compared to older residents in NHs. Future studies must analyze longitudinal data that track the growth of, and changes in, residents’ health and functional status.     

试从小儿阳气特点探讨通阳法的应用

通过对小儿阳气特点的探讨,认为小儿阳多阴少乃是小儿生长发育过程中的需要,而阳气郁遏往往成为小儿疾患常见的原因,通阳法通过使郁遏之阳气得以舒展、畅通,宣泄、从而达到阳通阴和,重新获得阴阳平衡的目的。     

人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的主要形态学特性、血液学指标和血脂水平的研究

目的明确人SR-AI转基因小鼠的一些形态、脏器、血液学和血浆脂质参数,为人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的应用提供相关依据.方法用游标卡尺和电子称量天平测量人SR-AI转基因小鼠的吻长、眶间距、体长、尾长及12个脏器系数并与C57BL/6J小鼠进行比较分析;用SysmexK-4500型全血自动多参数血液分析仪检测其血液学指标;并用酶法分别测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量.结果人SR-AI转基因小鼠外部形态指标和脏器系数与C57BL/6J小鼠比较差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);转基因小鼠的各项血液学指标无明显改变,血脂蛋白成分的改变亦未显示统计学意义(P>0.05),甘油三酯的浓度略有增高(P<0.05).结论人SR-AI转基因小鼠的外部形态指标、脏器系数及各项血液学指标均无明显改变,适合用作动脉粥样硬化模型的研究.     

Risks and Complications After Arthroplasty for Pathological or Impending Pathological Fracture of the Hip

BackgroundTreatment options for metastatic osseous lesions of the proximal femur include hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) depending on lesion characteristics and patient demographics. Studies assessing short-term outcomes after HA/THA in this patient population are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this present study was to identify short-term rates of morbidity and mortality after HA/THA for pathological proximal femur fractures, as well as readmission and reoperation rates and reasons.MethodsThis study utilized a large, prospectively collected registry to identify patients who underwent HA/THA between 2011 and 2018. Patients were stratified by indication for surgery, including pathological fracture, nonpathological fracture, and osteoarthritis. Baseline patient characteristics and postoperative complications were compared using bivariate and/or multivariate analysis.ResultsIn total, 883 patients undergoing HA/THA for a pathological fracture were identified. Relative to an osteoarthritis cohort, these patients tended to be older, had a lower body mass index, and had significantly more preoperative comorbidities. These patients had high rates of total complications (13.93%), including thirty-day mortality (3.29%), unplanned return to the operating room (4.98%), and pulmonary complications (3.85%). Patients with pathological fracture had a longer operative duration relative to osteoarthritis and nonpathological cohorts (+27 and +25 minutes, respectively), despite having high rates of HAs performed.ConclusionPatients undergoing hip arthroplasty for pathologic proximal femur fracture have increased morbidity and mortality relative to an osteoarthritis cohort. However, patients with a pathological fracture have similar rates of morbidity and mortality when compared with a nonpathological fracture cohort, but did experience higher rates of perioperative blood transfusion and unplanned readmissions.Level of EvidenceIII.     

中国胆囊癌外科治疗现状与病理学特征多中心回顾性研究（附4345例报告）

目的 探讨中国胆囊癌病人的外科治疗模式、病理学特征和预后。方法 收集中国13个省市的26家医院自2010年1月至2017年12月收治的4345例胆囊癌病人临床资料,分析中国胆囊癌病人的地区、性别、年龄分布;基于病人的诊疗记录与检查结果对手术病人肿瘤的可切除性进行评估,分析可切除性肿瘤病人的外科治疗模式,参照术前检查、手术记录和术后病理学检查结果评估可切除性肿瘤手术治疗是否达到根治标准,分析行根治性手术胆囊癌病人的病理学特征。结果 4345例胆囊癌病人中,男性1664例（38.23%）,女性2681例（61.77%）。行外科手术治疗的病人3129例（71.01%）,其中可切除性肿瘤2074例（66.28%）。在可切除性肿瘤2074例病人中,仅1133例（54.63%）在术前即诊断为胆囊恶性肿瘤,1002例（48.31%）行根治性切除,1072例（51.69%）未达根治标准。胆囊癌根治性切除病人的病理学检查结果中,736例（73.45%）为腺癌,348例（34.73%）为低分化癌,376例（37.52%）伴肝侵犯,152例（15.17%）伴神经浸润,96例（9.58%）伴血管内癌栓,78例（7.78%）伴周围脂肪组织浸润,89例（8.88%）伴周围器官受累,328例（32.73%）活体组织病理学检查淋巴结阳性。获得生存随访资料的2357例手术治疗病人术后中位生存期为16.17个月,多因素Cox回归生存分析结果显示肿瘤TNM分期（P<0.001）、肿瘤分化程度（P<0.001）、肝脏侵犯（P<0.001）、R0切除（P=0.003）均为术后生存期的独立预后因素。结论 中国胆囊癌术前诊断率有待提高;胆囊癌外科治疗模式亟待规范;病理学检查报告中反映的多个因素与胆囊癌病人预后密切相关,其描述的规范化对指导胆囊癌病人的精准治疗有重要意义。