青春期阿扑吗啡注射对大鼠潜伏抑制和高架十字迷宫行为的影响

目的 观察青春期(出生后38～51 d)阿扑吗啡注射对大鼠精神相关行为的影响.方法 以Wistar大鼠为实验对象,利用大鼠穿梭程序自动控制仪和高架十字迷宫,观察青春期(出生后38～51 d)阿扑吗啡注射对青春期和成年早期大鼠潜伏抑制和高架十字迷宫行为的影响.结果 (1)对于青春期大鼠,与生理盐水注射组动物相比[前呈现组和非前呈现组分别为(38.1±18.7)次和(23.0±6.9)次],声音刺激的前呈现未能显著地降低阿扑吗啡注射组动物的条件化联合反应[前呈现组和非前呈现组分别为(23.0±16.4)次和(26.7±13.5)次],即表现出潜伏抑制缺失;对于成年早期大鼠,与生理盐水注射组动物相比[前呈现组和非前呈现组分别为(37.2±17.5)次和(15±6.2)次],青春期阿扑吗啡注射的大鼠同样表现出潜伏抑制缺失[前呈现组和非前呈现组分别为(21.5±15.2)次和(17.2±8)次];(2)与相应的生理盐水组动物相比,青春期阿扑吗啡注射的青春期和成年早期动物的高架十字迷宫行为均差异无显著性.结论 青春期持续两周(出生后38～51 d)的慢性阿扑吗啡注射,能诱发青春期和成年早期大鼠的潜伏抑制缺失,但不影响高架十字迷宫行为.     

牙齿充填材料的改进

龋病会造成牙体硬组织的实质性缺损，对缺损的充填是修复牙齿完整形态、恢复其咀嚼功能和美观的有效方法。充填材料是用于填补牙齿缺损的人工修复材料。追述牙齿充填材料的发展历程，可以看到人类口腔医学的进步。从中草药填塞牙洞到银膏补牙，从建立银汞合金充填材料成分与比例的标准化到新型高分子复合树脂的应用，牙齿充填材料发生了革命性变化，使得牙齿充填治疗的理念与技术也在不断改进与更新，进一步完善了牙齿充填方法，使保留更多健康牙体组织成为可能，同时也推动了美学牙科、粘接材料和技术的发展。随着人们对健康标准和审美要求的不断提高，以及环保意识的增强，复合树脂修复材料在临床上已成为医生和病人首选的牙齿充填材料。     

安徽省12岁儿童龋病及口腔卫生状况抽样调查结果分析

目的了解安徽省城乡12岁儿童的口腔卫生状况以及龋病患病状况,为儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供依据。方法采用第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,对合肥市、芜湖市和蒙城县、枞阳县、颖上县、含山县794名12岁年龄组儿童进行龋病和口腔卫生状况调查。结果儿童恒牙患龋率为19.3,男、女之间差异无统计学意义。人均恒牙龋(D)失(M)补(F)牙数(龋均DMF)为0.3,男、女之间差异无统计学意义;牙龈出血率为43.7,人均牙龈出血牙数为1.2,人均牙石牙数为3.4,男、女之间差异均无统计学意义。口腔健康知识的正确率较高,城乡之间差异均有统计学意义。在每天刷牙次数方面,城乡儿童之间差异有统计学意义。结论安徽省12岁组儿童龈上牙结石较多,牙龈出血率较高。     

上海市某幼儿园1995-2005年儿童乳牙患龋状况分析

目的了解上海市幼儿患龋状况及变化趋势,为幼儿龋病预防和治疗工作提供科学依据。方法分别于1995年、2000年和2005年对复旦大学医学院附属幼儿园2～5岁儿童进行口腔健康检查,统计受检儿童的患龋率、受检者龋均(dft)及龋蚀指数(CSI)。结果受检儿童的患龋率从1995年的61.3%下降至2005年的46.5%(P<0.01),受检者龋均(dft)从1995年的(3.11±3.79)降至2005年的(2.12±3.18)(P<0.01),龋蚀指数(CSI)没有下降。每次检查儿童患龋率、受检者龋均(dft)及龋蚀指数(CSI)均呈现由低年龄组到高年龄组升高的趋势。结论该幼儿园儿童患龋状况有所好转,儿童龋病防治工作取得一定成效。但有一部分儿童患龋情况特别严重,有"两极化"的趋势。     

Idarubicinol myelotoxicity: a comparison of in vitro data with clinical outcome in patients treated with high-dose idarubicin

We evaluated in vitro the toxicity of idarubicin and its active metabolite idarubicinol on haematopoietic progenitors, using human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood progenitors to obtain dose-response curves. We treated 16 patients with poor prognosis lymphoma in a phase I-II trial of high-dose idarubicin and melphalan and investigated if idarubicinol persisting in patients' plasma at the time of transplantation (day 0), on day +1 and +2 could result in an inhibition of infused progenitors. Colony inhibition was correlated with pharmacokinetic data and with the time of patients' engraftment. Plasma samples obtained before idarubicin treatment demonstrated a colony-stimulating effect, increasing the cloning efficiency by 72%. The inhibitory activity on colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) of patients' plasma collected on the day of transplantation was lower than expected from dose-response curves (21% measured vs 70% expected). The time to patients' WBC and PLT recovery correlated with the amount of CD34+ cells reinfused and, to a lesser extent, with the colony-inhibiting effect of patients' plasma. The correlation between idarubicinol concentration and CFU-GM inhibition was not significant. These data suggest that plasma drug concentration on the day of stem cell reinfusion may overestimate the toxicity of residual anthracyclines to the transplanted cells.     

Differential and antagonistic effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid and vitamin D analogues on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro

Retinoids and vitamin D are known to exert important anti-tumour effects in a variety of cell types. In this study the effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) the vitamin D analogues EB1089 and CB1093 on three pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines were investigated. All compounds caused inhibition of in vitro growth but the vitamin D analogues were generally the more potent growth inhibitors. They were also more effective on their own than in combination with 9cRA. Growth arrest correlated with an increased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis was induced in the three cell lines by 9cRA, whereas neither EB1089 nor CB1093 had this effect. Furthermore, addition of EB1089 or CB1093 together with 9cRA resulted in significantly reduced apoptosis. Our results show that retinoic acids as well as vitamin D analogues have inhibitory effects on pancreatic tumour cells but different and antagonistic mechanisms seem to be employed.     

Hepatic Disposition of Fexofenadine: Influence of the Transport Inhibitors Erythromycin and Dibromosulphothalein

Purpose. To examine the disposition of fexofenadine in the isolated perfused rat liver and the influence of erythromycin and dibromosulphthalein (DBSP) on the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of fexofenadine. Methods. Livers from four groups of rats were perfused in a recirculatory manner with fexofenadine HCl added as a bolus (125, 250, 500, or 1000 g) to perfusate. Livers from another three groups of rats were perfused with 250 g of fexofenadine HCl. With one group as control, erythromycin (4.0 g/ml) or DBSP (136 g/ml) was added to the perfusate of the other groups. In all experiments, perfusate and bile were collected for 60 min; in addition, livers from the second experiment were retained for assay. Fexofenadine was determined in perfusate, bile, and homogenized liver by HPLC. Results. The area under the curve (AUC) of fexofenadine was linearly related to concentration. It was unchanged from control (12,800 ± 200 ng·h/ml) by erythromycin (14,400 ± 2000 ng·h/ml), but was increased 95% by DBSP (25,000 ± 2600 ng·h/ml, P <0.001). The ratios of the concentrations of fexofenadine in liver/perfusate were decreased significantly by DBSP; those for bile/liver were increased by erythromycin. Conclusions. Erythromycin reduced the canalicular transport of fexofenadine into bile, whereas DBSP reduced uptake across the sinusoidal membrane.     

IMPAIRED LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN FATAL GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE OF CHILDHOOD

A previously described case of fatal granulomatous disease of childhood is presented here as certain previous findings could not be confirmed and since two unusual features were noted. Upon the basis of impaired leucocyte function in the father of this patient a new mode of genetic transmission for the disease was proposed meanwhile we have been unable to confirm these original findings (11). This case in itself was interesting since, firstly an impaired in vitro lymphocyte transformation was noted and this later related to the presence of a serum inhibitory factor. Secondly, chromosomal abnormalities were recorded in peripheral blood cells of both patient and his mother and this might be considered evidence to favour a sex-linked transmission of the disease in this case.