表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下对不同类型声带息肉摘除的临床疗效分析

目的比较表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜对不同类型声带息肉(VCP)摘除的临床疗效。方法以2007年11月至2012年10月芜湖市第一人民医院收治的164例VCP患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,表麻纤维喉镜组66例,采用表面麻醉纤维喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP27例、带蒂VCP39例),全麻显微支撑喉镜组98例,采用全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP50例、带蒂VCP48例),比较两组治疗效果及术后随访期间并发症发生情况。结果表麻纤维喉镜组手术时间显著短于全麻显微支撑喉镜组[(35.6±12.3)min vs(46.5±17.6)min,P<0.05]。全麻显微支撑喉镜组与表麻纤维喉镜组对带蒂VCP有效率差异无统计学意义(95.8%vs97.4%,P>0.05);但全麻显微支撑喉镜组对广基VCP有效率显著高于表麻纤维喉镜组(94.0%vs81.5%,P<0.05)。全麻显微支撑喉镜组不良并发症发生率与表麻纤维喉镜组比较,差异无统计学意义(7.1%vs 4.5%,P>0.05)。结论表麻纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术各有优点及局限,临床上应综合考虑以选择最优的治疗方案。     

Cutaneous necrobiotic conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis: important extra-articular involvement

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents with various skin conditions as extra-articular manifestations. Rheumatoid nodule is the representative specific skin lesion, histologically exhibiting central necrosis (necrobiosis) surrounded by palisaded macrophages, and being further perivascularly infiltrated with inflammatory cells in the outer regions. Also, there are several skin lesions which histologically show necrobiotic conditions with altered connective tissue degeneration. Necrobiosis may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of RA, i.e., collagen degeneration, recruitment of activated neutrophils, production of various cytokines, and vascular injury. On the other hand, rheumatoid nodule is suggested to develop during therapies with certain drugs such as methotrexate and biologics. These findings may be a clue to understanding the pathomechanisms of rheumatoid nodules. This paper describes several necrobiotic conditions associated with RA, and also discusses the possible pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of rheumatoid nodules. Necrobiosis is the major pathologic condition of cutaneous involvement associated with RA.     

肺脾同治治疗甲状腺结节100例临床观察

目的：观察肺脾同治治疗甲状腺结节的疗效。方法：将依据诊断标准诊断为甲状腺结节100例患者随机分为两组，进行临床观察。观察组50例，给予自拟养肺阴、健脾气、化痰散结中药治疗；对照组50例，给予口服左旋甲状腺素治疗；疗程3个月。结果：治疗前后两组经统计学处理，痊愈率比较无显著性差异，但总有效率比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；治疗前后甲状腺结节大小比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）（多发结节以最大者计入）；各组治疗前后的FT3、FT4差异均无统计学意义，P〉0．05；治疗组的TSH在治疗前后差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05；对照组的TSH治疗后明显低于治疗前，P〈0．05。结论：肺脾同治自拟中药治疗甲状腺结节疗效、安全性优于单纯口服甲状腺激素治疗。     

Thyroid Ultrasonography: Pitfalls and Techniques

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases. The aim of this article was to illustrate various pitfalls that can occur in utilizing thyroid US and techniques to prevent them. In this article, we present cases demonstrating the common pitfalls associated with US equipment, performance, normal thyroid structures, misinterpretations, and surrounding structures. Knowledge of these areas is essential to avoid misdiagnosis or improper disease management.