不同影像组学标签诊断早期肺腺癌侵袭性的比较研究

目的 探讨多视图下影像组学标签在肺腺癌侵袭性诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年11月—2018年9月经手术病理证实的220例肺腺癌患者的CT图像。从矢状面、冠状面和水平面3个视图分别提取了163个影像组学特征用于构建肺腺癌侵袭性影像组学标签。结果 不同视图下,69个影像组学特征差异具有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。同一视图下,梯度提升决策树模型构建的影像组学标签在全集和训练集的AUC面积与LASSO模型、朴素贝叶斯模型构建的影像组学标签的AUC面积差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001,P=0.006,P=0.049,P=0.013）。结论 相较于LASSO和朴素贝叶斯模型,梯度提升决策树构建的影像组学标签诊断效能更好。梯度提升决策树联合矢状面构建的影像组学标签诊断效能高于冠状面构建的影像学组标签。     

Pulmonary nodules 10 mm or less in diameter with ground-glass opacity component detected by high-resolution computed tomography have a high possibility of malignancy

OBJECTIVES: For the histological diagnosis of small lung cancers of 10 mm or less in diameter (< or =10), resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with computed tomography (CT)-guided marking is feasible. One problem is that a small number of these pulmonary nodules are malignant. We retrospectively analyzed CT images of pulmonary nodules to find better criteria to select candidates for resection among patients with small pulmonary nodules. METHODS: Ninety-four patients with indeterminate peripheral pulmonary nodules underwent wedge resection by VATS. High-resolution CT using a 1.25 mm slice included the area of lesions. Nodules were classified by size (< or =10, 11 to 20, >20 mm) and whether they had a ground-glass opacity (GGO) component. RESULTS: The histology of all 94 nodules showed 52 primary lung cancers, 6 metastatic tumors, 5 benign tumors, 8 intrapulmonary lymph nodes, and 23 inflammatory nodules. Ninety-three percent of nodules larger than 20 mm, 75% of nodules 10 to 20 mm, and 43% of nodules < or =10 mm were malignant. Introducing a classification according to GGO component to nodules, malignancy was detected in 88% of nodules with a GGO component and in 30% of nodules without a GGO component among nodules < or =10 mm. Nodules < or =10 mm with a GGO component showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlation with malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary nodules < or =10 mm with GGO should be considered to have a high possibility of malignancy and to be candidates for resection by VATS.     

Who needs a fine-needle biopsy? A comparison of the ATA and ACR TI-RADS guidelines in a single-centre retrospective study

The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) and 2017 American College of Radiology: Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) guidelines are two popular guidelines adopted to stratify sonographic risk of malignancy for thyroid nodules, and to select cases for fine-needle aspiration (FNA). To understand the test performance of the two systems in predicting thyroid malignancy, 164 thyroidectomy cases performed in a regional hospital in Hong Kong between January 2021 and June 2022 were reviewed. Sonographic images of the index nodule in each case were retrospectively classified into different risk categories using the ATA and ACR TI-RADS guidelines, respectively, followed by retrieval of cytological and pathological results, for comparison. The index nodule was proven malignant in 26.8% of cases in the final pathology. There was a strong and positive correlation between the ATA and ACR TI-RADS risk categories assignment (r_s = .931, p < .001). Recommending FNA according to the ATA had a better sensitivity for malignancy than using the ACR TI-RADS (81.8% vs 72.7%), at the expense of a lower specificity (10.8% vs 40.8%). The sensitivity for malignancy of both systems could be further improved if all fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid nodules were investigated with FNA regardless of sonographic features and size. There was a statistically significant association between “nodules with FDG avidity and nodules recommended for FNA by the ACR TI-RADS guideline” and an eventual malignant thyroid nodule (p = .002).     

螺旋CT靶扫描及后处理重建技术对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT靶扫描及各种后处理重建技术对孤立性肺结节（SPN）的诊断价值。方法采用GE Light Speed 16层螺旋CT对128例SPN进行靶扫描及各种后处理重建技术,重建方式有多平面重组（MPR）、容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、表面投影显示（SSD）、最小密度投影（MinIP）等;通过不同的窗宽、窗位对结节的形态、密度、内部结构、边缘特征、周围血管集聚以及胸膜受累情况等进行观察,判断结节良恶性。结果周围性肺癌110例,不典型腺瘤样增生4例,炎性肉芽肿6例,隐球菌感染2例,结核瘤1例,球形肺炎4例,错构瘤1例。结论螺旋CT靶扫描及各种后处理重建技术对SPN的内部结构、边缘特征能显示更多可靠的CT征象,对结节良恶性鉴别具有重要的价值。     

同轴穿刺技术在肺内孤立性小结节活检中的临床应用

目的 探讨在CT引导下,应用同轴技术经皮穿刺肺内孤立性小结节的可行性、操作技巧及应用价值.方法 34例肺内孤立性小结节患者,在CT引导下应用同轴技术行穿刺活检术,取出组织经固定后行组织病理学检查,分析穿刺成功率、诊断符合率及并发症的发生率.结果 34例患者,均穿刺成功,取得标本多少不一,组织学除1例腺癌误诊为慢性炎症外,其余均作出正确诊断,穿刺成功率为100％,诊断符合率为97.05％.10例出现气胸,12例伴有出血,其中2例为气胸合并出血,气胸总发生率为29.4％,出血总发生率为35.3％.结论 应用同轴技术穿刺肺内小结节,可多方向多次取材,获得较满意的组织量,从而提高阳性率及诊断率,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

肺结节磁共振扩散加权成像技术优化

目的:探讨采用容积匀场和矩形视野采集技术的磁共振扩散加权(DWI)扫描方式进行肺结节成像的价值.方法:连续的25例肺结节患者纳入研究,采用3.0T MRI超导成像仪(Philips Achieva 3.0T TX)进行DWI,先进行常规扫描(普通匀场、正方形视野采集),然后改进方式扫描(容积匀场、矩形采集),B值为0、300、600、900和1200s/mm2.两位资深胸部影像医生和一位技师共同评价两组图像,测量各组图像的AppCNR、SNR以及肺结节ADC值,并统计分析.结果:改进组图像质量主观评分(2.56±0.04)高于常规组(1.52±0.06) (P＜0.05).改进组各B值图像的AppCNR和SNR均对应显著高于常规组(P＜0.05).两组间的ADC值无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:附加容积匀场并减小相位方向视野的DWI扫描方式可以提高图像质量且不影响ADC值.     

CT增强扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立小结节价值

目的评价CT增强扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立小结节的价值。材料与方法直径8～20mm肺内孤立小结节患者26例小肺癌12例,灶性肺炎7例,结核结节4例,硬化性血管瘤1例,错构瘤2例。增强扫描前后均行薄层扫描(1．5～5mm层厚)。分别进行CT平扫及CT增强诊断的前瞻性对比研究。结果CT平扫诊断正确率为65％,CT增强后诊断正确率为77％,二者无显著差异。小肺癌、灶性肺炎及肺结核结节的平均增强CT值分别为42Hu,37Hu和3Hu。1例错构瘤和1例血管瘤因增强CT值大于40Hu而误诊为肺癌。结论CT增强对肺结核结节的诊断有帮助,肺癌和肺炎性病灶的CT增强鉴别诊断有困难。应强调以病灶基本形态为依据,增强CT对鉴别诊断有价值。1．0cm以下病灶的CT值测量不准确。     

肺孤立结节与周围肺血管增强CT表现及其与病理的关系

目的 探讨肺孤立结节增强ＣＴ表现特点、周围肺血量异常改变与病理的关系。材料与方法４６例不同病理性质的孤立肺结节（直径１０～３０ｍｍ）行螺旋ＣＴ增强扫描,研究结构强化特点及其周围肺血管改变。全部病例均经手术及病理证实。结果 ４６例肺孤立性结节强化者４２例,全部肺癌和炎性结节均显著强化,其中结节呈均匀和不均匀强化各１６例（肺癌１９例,炎性假瘤８例,错构瘤１例,结核瘤４例）;周围强化１０例,其中肺癌５例     

Thallium-201 SPECT with triple-headed gamma camera for differential diagnosis of small pulmonary nodular lesion 20 mm in diameter or smaller

AIM: Although thallium-201 (201Tl) has been used for the diagnosis of lung cancer, its detectability of small pulmonary nodules is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 201Tl SPECT for the differential diagnosis for the pulmonary nodules 20 mm in diameter or smaller. METHODS: 201Tl SPECT was performed in 31 patients suspected of having primary lung cancer. The final diagnosis was established by histology, and tumor size was 10 to 20 mm in diameter. Twenty of 31 patients had malignant tumors, including squamous cell lung cancer (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 14) and small cell lung cancer (n = 1), but in none of them was there mediastinal lymphnode involvement. RESULTS: Ten of 20 malignant tumors and 1 of 11 benign lesions demonstrated significant 201Tl uptake, so that the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lung cancer were 90.9% (10/11), 50.0% (10/20), 50.0% (10/20) and 90.9% (10/11), respectively. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that sensitivity for detecting lung cancer 20 mm or less in diameter may be insufficient, but even in patients with small pulmonary nodules, a positive 201Tl result is highly predictive of lung cancer.     

前列腺外腺增生性低回声结节的组织形态学定量研究

目的:探讨前列腺外腺增生性低回声结节的组织形态学特点。　方法:应用苏木精 伊红染色和免疫组化染 色结合计算机辅助图像分析方法,对22例病理证实为良性前列腺增生的外腺低回声结节穿刺标本进行组织成分定 量分析。　结果:前列腺外腺增生性低回声结节中间质、上皮、腺腔和间质中平滑肌成分所占整个前列腺组织的面 积百分比分别为(72.52±13.14)%、(20.57±9.01)%、(6.85±4.51)%和(24.14±6.31)%。　结论:与前列腺内 腺一样,前列腺外腺也可出现增生性低回声结节,但两者的成分构成百分比有所不同。