超声造影在甲状腺良性结节选择介入治疗方式中的价值研究

目的探讨超声造影在甲状腺良性结节选择介入治疗方式的应用价值。方法对85个甲状腺混合性良性结节进行超声造影。结节增强范围超过自身3/5的进行射频消融治疗;增强范围不到自身3/5的结节进行无水乙醇硬化治疗。治疗后即刻或1周后再次行超声造影,评估两种治疗方法的治疗效果。结果 85个甲状腺混合性良性结节中,33个结节进行射频消融治疗,一次性治疗有效率87.9%,二次性治疗有效率12.1%;52个结节进行无水乙醇硬化治疗,一次性治疗有效率88.5%,二次性治疗有效率11.5%;两者治疗效果比较差异无统计学意义。结论超声造影对甲状腺良性结节选择合适的介入治疗方式具有决策价值。     

超声弹性成像在甲状腺良性结节射频消融中的应用价值及相关动态分析

甲状腺结节是临床上常见的疾病,近年来,随着甲状腺结节经皮微波或射频消融治疗的创新研究与发展应用,消融治疗在临床上取得了肯定的效果[1-2].对于消融后疗效的影像评价,已有学者利用弹性超声探讨研究[3],但一般是进行消融前与消融后即刻的对比,鲜有关于后续随访的报道.本研究拟分析运用弹性成像评价经皮射频消融治疗人体甲状腺良性结节的可行性及动态随访治疗后病灶质地的变化情况,总结实际操作经验,为甲状腺射频消融的长期疗效的评估提供新的客观影像依据.     

微波消融术治疗甲状腺良性结节疗效及对患者血清T3、T4与TSH水平的影响

目的 分析微波消融术（MWA）治疗甲状腺良性结节的临床疗效及对患者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平的影响。方法 选取2017年6月～2019年5月成都医学院第一附属医院、四川大学华西医院及西部战区总医院收治的102例甲状腺良性结节患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组（n=51）与对照组（n=51）,观察组行MWA,对照组行甲状腺结节切除术。比较两组手术情况,记录观察组术后6个月内结节消退情况,比较两组治疗前后甲状腺功能（T3、T4及TSH）及并发症发生率。结果 观察组手术时间、术后住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后,观察组甲状腺结节体积不断缩小（P＜0.05）,且3、6个月甲状腺结节体积缩小率分别为30.45%、79.70%;治疗后,两组T3、T4下降,TSH水平增加,且观察组治疗后血清T3、T4低于对照组,TSH水平明显高于对照组（均P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论 MWA治疗甲状腺良性结节疗效较好,可有效保留患者甲状腺功能,促进结节消退,且创伤小,术后并发症发生率低,可在临床推广应用。     

B超诊断在甲状腺肿块临床鉴别诊断中的作用

目的探讨甲状腺肿块的B超误诊原因及B超在甲状腺肿块临床诊断鉴别诊断中的作用.方法回顾性分析307例甲状腺肿块的B超诊断和病理诊断结果.结果 B超诊断与病理诊断符合率相差较大.B超提示甲状腺多发性结节的绝大多数为结节性甲状腺肿,B超提示甲状腺单发结节的病理为结节性甲状腺肿和腺瘤的的比例约为3∶2.B超提示为甲状腺实质性占位的则恶性肿瘤的可能性较大.结论临床医师不能把B超诊断当成临床诊断.B超提示为甲状腺多发结节的大多数为结节性甲状腺肿,提示为单发结节的应结合其它检查进一步鉴别,确诊有待病理学检查.B超提示为甲状腺实质性占位则要考虑恶性肿瘤的可能.     

CT引导下穿刺活检在孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下肺穿刺活检在诊断孤立性肺结节中的价值。材料和方法对56例孤立性肺结节CT引导下进行穿刺活检,观察CT平扫上结节的形态学特点,对穿刺活检术的诊断正确率与病灶的大小、位置、进针深度进行Logistic回归分析,并分析并发症情况。结果56例孤立性肺结节中,41例为恶性,7例为良性,8例活检未获明确诊断。恶性结节较良性结节多见,CT恶性结节表现有空泡征、分叶征、短细毛刺、嵴突征、血管集束征及胸膜凹陷征。CT引导下肺穿刺活检诊断孤立性肺结节的正确率为86%,气胸的发生率为3.6%。Logistic回归发现,病灶的大小是影响穿刺活检正确率的主要因素(Wald=2.903,P=0.038,OR=0.935)。结论CT引导下肺穿刺活检病灶诊断孤立性肺结节临床价值大,准确率较高,而病灶的大小影响穿刺活检的正确率。     

Imaging of vocal fold vibration by digital multi-plane kymography

Digital multi-plane kymography is presented as a new method to demonstrate vocal fold vibration from digital high-speed recordings. Single lines from digital high-speed sequences of laryngoscopical examinations are concatenated to images, which are called kymograms. In order to reveal anterior–posterior (AP) modes of vibration several kymograms from different location of the glottis can be obtained from a single recording. Problems due to rotation of the endoscope or relative movements of patient or examiner can be solved by image processing algorithms specifically designed for this application. Different types of phonation onset and examples of voice disorders are given.     

增强后薄层动态CT对孤立性肺结节病变的评价(附45例病例分析)

目的：定量评价孤立性肺结节病变在增强后薄层动态ＣＴ扫描中的特征表现,探讨其敏感度及特异度。方法：选取直径小于３ｃｍ的孤立性肺结节病变４５例在薄层ＣＴ平扫及增强后２５ｓ,２ｍｉｎ及５ｍｉｎ对病灶感兴趣区进行ＣＴ值的测定,进行统计学分析。结果：４５例病灶在强化上呈三种形式：增强后明显强化（增强前后差值≥４０ＨＵ）称为Ａ型者２５例;增强后扫描时间延至５ｍｉｎ仍未见强化（差值＜１０ＨＵ）为Ｂ型１１例,增强后开始轻微强化,呈逐渐上升趋势（Ｃ型）９例。与术后病理比较：周围型肺癌（２２例）强化方式以Ａ型为主,其敏感度为９１％、特异度为７８％。结核球（１４例）以Ｂ型强化方式为主,其敏感度为７１％,特异度为８８％。炎性假瘤（４例）以Ａ、Ｃ型为主,血管瘤（２例）以Ｃ型为主,畸胎瘤（３例）Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ型均有。结论：孤立性肺结节病变以周围型肺癌及结核球为多见,薄层动态ＣＴ扫描强化方式表现不同,可提高病变诊断阳性率     

Treatment Guidelines for Branch Duct Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: When Can We Operate or Observe?

Background The objectives of this study were to investigate the clinicopathological features of branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and to determine safe criteria for its observation. Most clinicians agree that surgical resection is required to treat main duct-type IPMN because of its high malignancy rate. However, no definite treatment guideline (with respect to surgery or observation) has been issued on the management of branch duct type IPMN. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data of 138 patients who underwent operations for IPMN between 1993 and 2006 at five institutes in Korea. Results Of 138 patients (mean age, 60.6 years; 87 men, 51 women), 76 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 39 distal pancreatectomy, 4 total pancreatectomy, and 20 limited pancreatic resection. There were 112 benign cases: 47 adenoma, 63 borderline cases, and 26 malignant cases, with 9 of these being noninvasive and 17 invasive. By univariate analysis, tumor size and the presence of a mural nodule were identified as meaningful predictors of malignancy. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a tumor size of >2 cm was found to be the most valuable predictor of malignancy. When cases were classified according to tumor size and the presence of a mural nodule, the malignancy rate for a tumor ≤2 cm without a mural nodule was 9.2%, for a tumor of ≤2 cm plus a mural nodule was 25%, and for other conditions such as tumor >2 cm, >25%. Conclusions Many branch duct IPMNs are malignant. Surgical treatment is recommended, except in cases that are strongly suspected to be benign or cases that present a high operative risk. Observation is only recommended in patients with a tumor size of ≤2 cm without a mural nodule.     

Aminobisphosphonates Cause Osteoblast Apoptosis and Inhibit Bone Nodule Formation In Vitro

Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of bone diseases associated with increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are known to inhibit biochemical markers of bone formation in vivo, but it is unclear to what extent this is a consequence of osteoclast inhibition or a direct inhibitory effect on cells of the osteoblast lineage. In order to investigate this issue, we studied the effects of various bisphosphonates on osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. The aminobisphosphonates pamidronate and alendronate inhibited osteoblast growth, caused osteoblast apoptosis, and inhibited protein prenylation in osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range 20-100 microM. Further studies showed that alendronate in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg inhibited protein prenylation in calvarial osteoblasts in vivo, indicating that alendronate can be taken up by osteoblasts in sufficient amounts to inhibit protein prenylation at clinically relevant doses. Pamidronate and alendronate inhibited bone nodule formation at concentrations 10-fold lower than those required to inhibit osteoblast growth. These effects were not observed with non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates or with other inhibitors of protein prenylation and were only partially reversed by cotreatment with a fourfold molar excess of ss-glycerol phosphate. We conclude that aminobisphosphonates cause osteoblast apoptosis in vitro at micromolar concentrations and inhibit osteoblast differentiation at nanomolar concentrations by mechanisms that are independent of effects on protein prenylation and may be due in part to inhibition of mineralization. While these results need to be interpreted with caution because of uncertainty about the concentrations of bisphosphonates that osteoblasts are exposed to in vivo, our studies clearly demonstrate that bisphosphonates exert strong inhibitory effects on cells of the osteoblast lineage at similar concentrations to those that cause osteoclast inhibition. This raises the possibility that inhibition of bone formation by bisphosphonates may be due in part to a direct inhibitory effect on cells of the osteoblast lineage.