Bone Marrow Cells Improve Coronary Flow Reserve in Ischemic Nonrevascularized Myocardium: A MiHeart/IHD Quantitative Perfusion CMR Substudy

ObjectivesThis study investigated whether intramyocardial bone marrow–derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (BMCs) increase coronary flow reserve (CFR) in ischemic myocardial regions where direct revascularization was unsuitable.BackgroundPatients with diffuse coronary artery disease frequently undergo incomplete myocardial revascularization, which increases their risk for future adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The residual regional ischemia related to both untreated epicardial lesions and small vessel disease usually contributes to the disease burden.MethodsThe MiHeart/IHD study randomized patients with diffuse coronary artery disease undergoing incomplete coronary artery bypass grafting to receive BMCs or placebo in ischemic myocardial regions. After the procedure, 78 patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 1, 6, and 12 months and were included in this cardiac magnetic resonance substudy with perfusion quantification. Segments were classified as target (injected), adjacent (surrounding the injection site), and remote from injection site.ResultsOf 1,248 segments, 269 were target (22%), 397 (32%) adjacent, and 582 (46%) remote. The target had significantly lower CFR at baseline (1.40 ± 0.79 vs 1.64 ± 0.89 in adjacent and 1.79 ± 0.79 in remote; both P < 0.05). BMCs significantly increased CFR in target and adjacent segments at 6 and 12 months compared with placebo. In target regions, there was a progressive treatment effect (27.1% at 6 months, P = 0.037, 42.2% at 12 months, P = 0.001). In the adjacent segments, CFR increased by 21.8% (P = 0.023) at 6 months, which persisted until 12 months (22.6%; P = 0.022). Remote segments in both the BMC and placebo groups experienced similar improvements in CFR (not significant at 12 months compared with baseline).ConclusionsBMCs, injected in severely ischemic regions unsuitable for direct revascularization, led to the largest CFR improvements, which progressed up to 12 months, compared with smaller but persistent CFR changes in adjacent and no improvement in remote segments.     

Ischemic Burden Reduction and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ObjectivesThe authors sought to evaluate the impact of ischemic burden reduction after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on long-term prognosis and cardiac symptom relief.BackgroundThe clinical benefit of CTO PCI is questioned.MethodsIn a high-volume CTO PCI center, 212 patients prospectively underwent quantitative [¹⁵O]H₂O positron emission tomography perfusion imaging before and three months after successful CTO PCI between 2013-2019. Perfusion defects (PD) (in segments) and hyperemic myocardial blood flow (hMBF) (in ml · min^?1 · g^?1) allocated to CTO areas were related to prognostic outcomes using unadjusted (Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test) and risk-adjusted (multivariable Cox regression) analyses. The prognostic endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.ResultsAfter a median [interquartile range] of 2.8 years [1.8 to 4.3 years], event-free survival was superior in patients with ≥3 versus <3 segment PD reduction (p < 0.01; risk-adjusted p = 0.04; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13 to 0.93]) and with hMBF increase above (Δ≥1.11 ml · min^?1 · g^?1) versus below the population median (p < 0.01; risk-adjusted p < 0.01; HR: 0.16 [95% CI: 0.05 to 0.54]) after CTO PCI. Furthermore, event-free survival was superior in patients without versus any residual PD (p < 0.01; risk-adjusted p = 0.02; HR: 0.22 [95% CI: 0.06 to 0.76]) or with a residual hMBF level >2.3 versus ≤2.3 ml · min^?1 · g^?1 (p < 0.01; risk-adjusted p = 0.03; HR: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.91]) at follow-up positron emission tomography. Patients with residual hMBF >2.3 ml · min^?1 · g^?1 were more frequently free of angina and dyspnea on exertion at long-term follow-up (p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatients with extensive ischemic burden reduction and no residual ischemia after CTO PCI had lower rates of all-cause death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Long-term cardiac symptom relief was associated with normalization of hMBF levels after CTO PCI.     

单光子发射型计算机断层心肌灌注显像对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的近期疗效评估

目的：探讨单光子发射型计算机断层摄影术（ＳＰＥＣＴ）心肌灌注显像在评估经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）治疗冠心病效果中的作用。方法：通过运动—静息心肌灌注显像，观察ＰＴＣＡ前后患者运动试验结果、心肌各心室壁节段放射性异常积分及靶心图缺损范围的变化。结果：ＰＴＣＡ后患者运动耐量增加；放射性异常积分及靶心图缺损范围明显缩小，说明近期缺血明显改善。８例多支病变患者中，有６例仅进行部分血运重建，心肌灌注显像示缺血严重、范围广的心肌节段，其相关血管多为“罪犯”（ｃｕｌｐｒｉｔ）血管。结论：ＳＰＥＣＴ心肌灌注显像对ＰＴＣＡ近期疗效评估具有较高的实用价值，并可为ＰＴＣＡ前判断需要扩张的关键性病变血管提供帮助。     

Comparison of Indicator‐Dilution Curves Obtained from Dye Dilution and Echo Contrast Using Harmonic Power Doppler Imaging

BACKGROUND: Harmonic power Doppler imaging (H-PDI) has been introduced into the field of contrast echocardiography as a contrast-specific imaging modality. However, there has been considerable skepticism as to whether H-PDI would be quantifiable, because it depends on the destruction of microbubbles and has more complex signal processing than gray scale imaging. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of microbubbles and the resulting H-PDI signals even under conditions where bubble destruction is most likely. Furthermore, we evaluated whether microbubbles of Levovist freely pass the microcirculation, which is a prerequisite for the assessment of myocardial blood flow. METHODS AND RESULTS: A strong positive correlation was found between the H-PDI signals and the amount of microbubbles up to the onset of acoustic shadowing (r = 0. 968, P<0.001). Time-intensity curves for H-PDI of air-filled microbubbles were compared with time-concentration curves of indocyanine green (ICG) in both a flow phantom and a working heart setup. The mean transit times (MTTs) through the myocardium of both agents were compared after a bolus injection into the left coronary artery. A close correlation was observed between 1/MTT and flow in both setups (r>0.98, P<0.0001). However, at high flow rates, the MTTs of the microbubbles were slightly, albeit not significantly, faster than those of indocyanine green. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that microbubbles fulfill the prerequisites of free flowing tracers through the myocardium. Furthermore, H-PDI technology allows a reliable assessment of time-concentration curves of air-filled microbubbles up to the onset of acoustic shadowing.     

Endocardial cryotherapy as a novel strategy of improving myocardial perfusion in a patient with severe coronary artery disease.

Patients with intractable angina pectoris due to end-stage coronary artery disease who are not amenable to conventional revascularization provide a therapeutic challenge. We describe the first published case of a young patient with intractable coronary artery disease that was successfully treated by endocardial cryotherapy.     

心肌磁共振显像、核素心肌灌注显像、超声心动图与X线左心室造影测定左心室功能的对比研究

目的:评价心肌磁共振显像(MRI)、核素心肌灌注显像和超声心动图对比X线左心室造影(LVG)检测左心室功能的应用价值。方法:46例患者同期分别行左心室造影、心肌磁共振显像、核素心肌灌注显像(30例)及超声心动图(38例)检查,测定左心室功能。将左心室造影作为标准,与其它3种影像学方法比较,行相关性及一致性分析。结果:心肌磁共振显像与左心室造影所测左心室舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积和射血分数的相关系数分别为0.94、0.98、0.96(P均＜0.001),核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影的相关系数分别为0.82、0.90、0.93(P均＜0.001),超声心动图与左心室造影的相关系数分别为0.66、0.74、0.69(P均＜0.001)。心肌磁共振显像与左心室造影所测舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积和射血分数一致性范围分别为(-21.4±31.8)ml,(-7.7±25.0)ml,(-2.2±8.8)%。核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影的一致性范围分别为(-36.8±53.1)ml,(-15.2±32.2)ml,(-2.6±11.0)%。超声心动图与左心室造影的一致性范围分别为(-80.9±95.8)ml,(-47.5±96.0)ml,(3.6±21.1)%。结论:心肌磁共振显像检测心功能准确、可靠,与左心室造影相关性明显,一致性好。核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影亦具有良好的相关性,但一致性偏差。超声心动图左心功能测值较左心室造影有明显偏倚,一致性差。     

ESHAP therapy effective in a patient with Langerhans cell sarcoma

We describe the rare case of a 53-year-old woman with systemic involvement of Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) who had undergone living-related liver transplantation. We chose the CHOP regimen as first-line chemotherapy, and clinical improvement of LCS was obtained. Intensive care was necessary due to the systemic involvement of LCS and severe infectious diseases. After the third cycle of CHOP therapy, however, disease progression was observed, and we administrated a modified ESHAP regimen (etoposide, carboplatin, cytarabine, methylprednisolone) as second-line therapy. A marked response was obtained after four cycles of this combination chemotherapy. Modified ESHAP may be a very effective combination chemotherapy regimen for LCS.     

核素心肌显像、心肌磁共振显像及超声心动图测定左心室功能的对比研究

目的比较心肌磁共振成像(MRI)、核素心肌灌注显像(SPECT)及超声心动图(UCG)测定左心室功能的差异。方法选取海南省农垦总医院心内科2010年5月至2012年5月收住院的分别行SPECT、MRI及UCG等三项检查的84例冠状动状脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较三种方法测定左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)的差异;以MRI检测结果为参考标准,评价SPECT及UCG的临床应用价值。结果 SPECT、MRI及UCG三种影像学方法检测所获得的LVEDV、LVESV值比较差异有统计学意义(F=13.78、8.76,P<0.05),LVEF值比较无统计学意义(F=6.78,P>0.05)结论 MRI与SPECT检测心功能相对准确、一致性好,具有等价性,UCG检测方法有明显偏倚,需与临床及其他检查结果相结合诊断。     

11C-雷氯必利的自动化制备及其在新生猪脑PET/CT显像的应用

目的自动化制备D2受体显像剂11 C-雷氯必利(11 C-raclopride),并应用于正常新生猪脑D2受体PET/CT显像。方法气相循环法合成11 C-碘甲烷(CH3I)为中间体制备11 C-raclopride,应用于正常新生猪脑PET/CT动态显像,绘制双侧基底节时间—活性动态曲线。结果制备11 C-raclopride最终产物14.6±3.6(8.8～15.0)mci,比活度68.8±20.9(39.0～86.8)GBq/μmol,放化纯度>99%。PET/CT显像示:3～5min基底节区放射性达高峰,双基底节显示清晰,放射性分布明显高于脑内其它部位;随后,基底节区放射性缓慢降低,30min达稳定水平。结论自动化制备11 C-raclopride的方法简便,过程容易控制,可应用于新生猪D2受体PET/CT显像,为缺氧缺血脑损伤D2受体功能状态的研究奠定基础。