瑞芬太尼与芬太尼在扁桃体切除术中的应用比较

目的比较观察瑞芬太尼与芬太尼在小儿扁桃体切除术中的应用效果。方法将36例小儿扁桃体患儿随机分为两组。设A组为瑞芬太尼组,B组为芬太尼组。观察两组的HR、MAP以及手术结束停药后患儿呼吸的恢复时间、睁眼时间和拔管时间,并记录患儿发生恶心呕吐、躁动情况。结果瑞芬太尼组血流动力学比芬太尼组血流动力平稳。瑞芬太尼组比芬太尼组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间短。结论瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚静脉麻醉起效快,作用时间短,可控性强,镇痛作用强,恢复迅速,无蓄积作用,在小儿腺样体扁桃体切除术中较芬太尼具有更好的效果。     

吞咽表面肌电图评估扁桃体切除术后患者疼痛程度的可能性研究

目的 探讨吞咽表面肌电图用于评估扁桃体切除术后患者疼痛程度的可能性.方法 选取行扁桃体切除术的患者32例,分别于术前、术后1 d和术后2 d行吞咽的表面肌电图检查.同时对所有患者术后行吞咽疼痛的视觉模拟评分,连续2 d, 1次/d.结果 所有的吞咽方式中,术后1 d和术后2 d干咽时间和振幅皆 < 术前,吞咽20 mL水所需时间 > 术前,而振幅 < 术前.术后1 d与术后2 d的干咽时间、干咽振幅、20 mL水吞咽时间、20 mL吞咽振幅和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)都没有明显差别.术后表面肌电图振幅变化、时间变化程度与VAS评分无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 吞咽表面肌电图能够观察到扁桃体切除术后患者因疼痛导致的吞咽时的肌肉活动变化,今后有可能根据这些变化来指导是否需要镇痛药物,但其不能用于判定疼痛的程度.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿扁桃体腺样体切除术临床疗效分析

目的 评价扁桃体腺样体切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿的临床疗效。方法 行扁桃体及腺样体切除术患儿80例,术前、术后3个月或6个月行多道睡眠描记术（PSG）监测及OSA-18量表生活质量调查,分析手术疗效、PSG参数及OSA-18评分的变化。结果 80例患儿治愈70例（87%）,显效8例（10%）,有效2例（3%）,总有效率为100%。显效及有效的10例中8例合并变应性鼻炎经治疗变应性鼻炎后症状明显改善,另2例肥胖者经控制体质量后症状减轻。术后呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）、OSA-18总分与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 扁桃体、腺样体切除术是治疗儿童OSAHS的有效方法,同时应治疗合并的其他上呼吸道阻塞因素。PSG结合OSA-18调查表可对患儿进行手术前后主客观的综合评价。     

Prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsils from patients with chronic tonsillitis

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) in patients with chronic tonsillitis in the age group 15–23 years. This indicates that FN might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in this age group, which is also the age group in which chronic or recurrent tonsillitis is most common.

Objectives: The role of FN in patients with acute and chronic tonsillitis is unclear. Thus, this study investigated the occurrence of FN in tonsils of patients with chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of FN in patients that underwent tonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis. This study also investigated if FN was found at different areas in the tonsils.

Method: One hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis were included from the ENT clinics at Sunderby Hospital and Gällivare Hospital, Sweden. Both children and adults were included to encompass various age groups (age =2–57 years). Culture swabs were taken from three different levels of the tonsils – the surface, the crypts, and the inner core of the tonsils. Selective agar plates for detecting FN were used for culture. Culture was also made for detecting β-hemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and Arcanobacterium.

Results: FN was the most common pathogen (19%). The highest prevalence of FN was found in the age group 15–23 years (in 34% of the patients). FN was detected both at the surface and in the core of the tonsils. Furthermore, in the few patients where FN was not detected in all three areas, FN was always detected at the tonsillar surface, in spite of being an anaerobic bacterium. Streptococci group G and C also occurred most frequently (30%) in the same age group as FN (15–23 years), whereas Streptococci group A was more evenly spread among the age groups.     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对扁桃体切除术患者血流动力学的影响

目的观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对扁桃体切除术患者气管拔管期血流动力学的影响及术后的镇痛效果。方法选择择期行双侧扁桃体切除术的全麻患者60例,随机分为2组:观察组(酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg),对照组(生理盐水)。手术开始前15 min,观察组静注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg,对照组静注等剂量生理盐水。记录两组患者的一般资料,入室、拔管即刻、拔管后5 min、拔管后10 min患者的收缩压、舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度,苏醒期躁动评分,拔管后5 min、10 min、1 h时的OAA/S评分和拔管后1、4、6、12 h的VAS评分,记录患者的手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间及术后不良反应。结果拔管即刻及拔管后5、10 min,观察组的SBP为(124.9±7.7)、(120.3±9.2)、(118.9±9.3)mm Hg,DBP为(73.8±5.9)、(71.8±8.1)、(69.5±8.0)mm Hg;对照组的SBP为(138.0±9.4)、(134.9±11.0)、(132.7±10.8)mm Hg,DBP为(82.3±8.5)、(80.6±9.6)、(79.8±8.5)mm Hg,观察组各时点的血压均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拔管后1、4、6、12 h,观察组的VAS评分为1.0±0.8、1.4±0.7、2.2±1.0、2.8±0.6,对照组为2.7±1.0、3.5±1.1、4.1±1.0、3.2±1.1,观察组评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg超前镇痛用于成人双侧扁桃体切除术患者气管拔管期血流动力学波动小,镇痛效果良好。     

The comparison of bleeding and pain after tonsillectomy in bipolar electrocautery vs cold dissection

ObjectiveAlthough tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed in pediatric, it has potential major complications such as pain and bleeding. This study aimed to compare the bleeding and pain after tonsillectomy in bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy versus cold dissection.MethodsThis double blind clinical trial was conducted on 70 pediatric patients who were candidate of tonsillectomy. Patients were divided into two groups of including bipolar cautery (BC) and cold dissection (CD). operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative bleeding and pain were evaluated in the current study.ResultsIn both of the CD and BC groups, no significant difference was found in terms of sex and age. The average amount of the intraoperative blood loss in BC group was 14.086 ± 5.013 ml and in CD group was 26.14 ± 4.46 ml (p. v = 0.0001). The mean time of operation in BC group was 19 ± 2.89 min and in CD group was 29.31 ± 5.29 min (p. v = 0.0001).patients were evaluated in terms of pain on the first, third, fifth, and seventh days after the operation. No statistically significant difference was found between two groups.Moreover, Compared pain scores in all times across two groups, no significant difference was found.In terms of postoperative bleeding, none of the patients in both groups had bleeding during follow-up.ConclusionOur study showed that bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy can significantly reduce the operation time and intraoperative blood loss; however, postoperative pain and blood loss were similar in both techniques. We recommend bipolar electrocautery as the most suitable alternative method for tonsillectomy, especially in children.     

Trends in the indications for pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy

Objective

To report trends in the indications for pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy.

Methods

To identify current indications, (1) a retrospective chart review analyzed all indications for procedures performed by a pediatric otolaryngologist on patients aged 0-3, 4-10, or 11-18 years, and (2) a cross-sectional survey to members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology asked for approximate percentages of children in the same age groups receiving procedures for obstruction, infection, or another indication. To assess changing indications over time, (3) a literature review was performed.

Results

(1) Chart review: 302 patients aged 5 months to 18 years (average: 6.34; median: 6) were analyzed. For the 0-3-year age group, obstruction was an indication in 100.0% of cases, and infection in 2.6%. For the 4-10-year age group: 91.9% and 13.4%, respectively. For the 11-18-year age group: 84.6% and 33.3%. (2) Survey: 120 surveys were returned (40% response rate), and 63 surveys were appropriate for analysis (21% completion rate). For the 0-3-year age group, obstruction was the primary indication in 91.8% of procedures and infection in 7.5%. For the 4-10-year age group: 73.2% and 25.3%, respectively. For the 11-18-year age group: 43.0% and 54.2%. (3) Literature review: 11 articles consistently illustrated a rise in obstruction and a decline in infection as an indication since 1978.

Conclusions

Obstruction has become a more prominent indication than infection for pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy in children, especially younger children. Infection becomes a more prominent indication as age increases. Data may not be absolutely reflective of all pediatric otolaryngologists or other otolaryngologists that treat children. Comparing studies is difficult owing to the variety of surgical procedures focused upon and terms used to define indications.