无创通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿外科治疗中的应用

目的 探讨无创通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿外科治疗中的应用.方法 2002年5月至2007年12月经多道睡眠监测(PSG)诊断为OSAHS的11例腺样体扁桃体肥大患儿和7例曾行腺样体扁桃体切除术后的患儿应用无创通气治疗,其中男17例,女1例;年龄1～11岁,中位数3.8岁.所有患儿应用无创通气治疗后再次行PSG.统计数据符合正态分布以x-±s表示,治疗前后的呼吸参数变化采用配对t检验.结果 11例术前使用鼻持续正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressuren,nCPAP)患儿,术中无麻醉并发症及术后拔管困难,其中6例腺样体扁桃体切除术后呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)＜10次/h,最低脉氧饱和度(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO_2)＞0.85,无需再行无创通气治疗;5例术后围手术期仍使用nCPAP治疗.1例本院患儿及7例外院术后疗效不佳患儿术后长期使用nCPAP治疗.经nCPAP治疗前和治疗时的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低SpO_2及SpO_2低于0.90占睡眠时间的百分比分别为(4.7±3.9)次/h、0.867±0.069和0.3%±0.5%,与治疗前(77.6±39.8)次/h、0.535±0.151和46.9%±34.5%相比有显著改善(t值分别为7.77、-11.62、5.69,P值均＜0.001).结论 无创通气是重度OSAHS患儿围手术期可选择的一种有效治疗方法,手术后仍有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患儿,nCPAP治疗效果良好.对家庭nCPAP治疗的患儿要定期进行随访.     

复方中药冰块对扁桃腺切除术后出血量的影响

目的 观察局部应用复方中药冰块对扁桃腺切除术后出血量的影响,并做了动物实验。方法 临床将60例扁桃体切除术患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组30例,采用复方中药冰块,对照组30例,采用市售雪糕。结果 实验组止血作用好于对照组。两组差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 提示复方中药冰块止血作用明显优于传统方法,安全方便,无毒副作用的新型制剂,可广泛应用于临床。     

超前镇痛对扁桃体切除术后镇痛效果及满意度的研究

目的探讨超前镇痛对扁桃腺切除术后镇痛的效果及满意度。方法选择扁桃腺切除术的患者103例,随机分为实验组53例和对照组50例。两组患者术前由责任护士指导使用0～10疼痛数字量表评估疼痛程度,对照组术后在患者提出需要镇痛药时,护士遵医嘱给药。实验组手术前责任护士对患者进行疼痛认知与态度的评价,术后当疼痛程度达到3时护士遵医嘱给药。两组镇痛药均选择双氯芬酸钾25～50mg口服。比较两组患者术后疼痛情况及用药量。结果实验组术后3h疼痛程度（3．900±1．207）分,术后第1天早餐前疼痛程度（4．830±1．845）分,均低于对照组（4．960±1．611）分和（5．590±1．681）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-3．657,-2．067;P〈0．05）;术后24h内实验组用药量为（90．25±31．25）mg,对照组为（62．5±33）nag。两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=3．01,P〈0．01）。实验组术后镇痛满意度为90．6％,对照组为82．0％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=11．2,P〈0．05）。结论超前镇痛能有效减轻患者疼痛程度,提高扁桃腺切除术后患者镇痛满意度。     

小儿扁桃体腺样体术后疼痛的护理干预

目的:探讨护理干预在小儿扁桃体、腺样体术后疼痛中的应用效果。方法:将430例扁桃体、腺样体摘除术后疼痛患儿分为实验组和对照组,各215例。实验组采用护理干预措施,对照组采用常规护理。比较两组患儿术后疼痛的情况。结果:实验组患儿术后疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:积极的护理干预对小儿扁桃体、腺样体术后疼痛是有效的,而且操作简单,无任何不良反应,值得在临床推广应用。     

Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillectomy in children

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and prognosis of subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy.MethodsAll children (n=162) with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis were randomly divided into two groups: tonsillectomy (n=75) and subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy (n=87). Tonsillectomy: the tonsillar tissue was completely removed along with the tonsillar capsule. Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy: 80% to 90% of the tonsils and the complete epithelium of the tonsillar crypts were removed without damaging the tonsillar capsule. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) and parents’ postoperative pain measure (PPPM) scales were used to evaluate postoperative pain, and the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-18 questionnaire was used to assess the children’s postoperative quality of life. The patients were followed-up for 2 years.Results1. The FLACC and PPPM scales indicated that the children’s postoperative pain after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy was significantly less than that of children undergoing tonsillectomy. 2. The OSA-18 scale scores indicated that subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy significantly improved the children’s quality of life. 3. Two years after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy, no patients required reoperation.ConclusionSubtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis patients.     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征行腺样体、扁桃体摘除术的疗效观察

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿的扁桃体、腺样体切除术治疗。方法 时58例OSAHS患儿行扁桃体、腺样体切除术，观察惠儿术前、术后情况。结果 58例OSAHS患儿行扁桃体、腺样体切除术治疗，56例治愈，2例显效。结论 对OSAHS患儿行扁桃体、腺样体切除手术是有效、安全的治疗措施。     

扁桃体术后出血分度探讨

目的 探讨扁桃体术后出血分度与出血原因之间的关系及预防术后出血的措施。方法 对476例行扁桃体切除术的病例进行了回顾性分析，采用J．windfuhr及M．SeeHafer出血分度法将扁桃体术后出血分为五度。结果 扁桃体术后出血37例，发生率7．77％。1度出血14例，发生率2．94％。2度出血11例，发生率2．31％。3度出血7例，发生率1．47％。4度出血5例，发生率1．05％。无5度出血者。原因为术中止血不彻底，术后咽部活动过度，咳嗽，创面白膜脱落，缝扎血管线脱落，扁桃体残体遗留，创面感染，亚临床型血友痛。结论 按扁桃体术后出血程度分类使术后出血量具有可比性，进一步探讨各度出血的原因，便于采取相应措施，对预防术后出血有指导意义。     

Staphylococcus aureus in tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis: prevalence,susceptibility profile,and genotypic characterization

Introduction

Bacterial tonsillitis is an upper respiratory tract infection that occurs primarily in children and adolescents. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens in the etiology of tonsillitis and its relevance is due to its antimicrobial resistance and persistence in the internal tissues of the tonsils. Tonsillectomy is indicated in cases of recurrent tonsillitis after several failures of antibiotic therapy.

儿童扁桃体剥离术中缝合创面疗效的临床观察

目的 探讨儿童扁桃体剥离术中作扁桃体窝缝合对术后疗效的影响.方法 将189例行儿童扁桃体剥离术随机分为两组：治疗组101例,对照组88例.两组病例均在插管全麻下常规行双侧扁桃体剥离术,扁桃体剥离后均用棉球压迫止血.治疗组均作腭舌弓、腭咽弓及扁桃体窝组织一起缝合,封闭创面;对照组则不予缝合创面.观察对比两组术后并发出血、疼痛等临床疗效的影响.结果治疗组术后出血、创面感染及打鼾较少,对疼痛多数较易耐受,创面愈合快,哭闹少发生,开始进食时间早,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 儿童扁桃体剥离术中作腭舌弓、腭咽弓及扁桃体窝组织一起缝合,封闭创面,可有效防止术后出血,减轻患儿痛苦,改善儿童鼾症症状,促进创面更快愈合,值得推广.