Long-term follow-up of tonsillectomy efficacy in children with PFAPA syndrome

Introduction

The role of tonsillectomy in the periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome, is controversial. Although some studies reported high success rates with tonsillectomy, further investigations are needed with larger numbers of patients.

Tonsillectomy with argon plasma coagulation (APC): evaluation of pain and hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) offers a new possibility for tonsillectomy (TE) because of its effective hemostasis and limited penetration depth of the coagulation zone. The APC dissector allows dissection and hemostasis in a one-step procedure. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was the evaluation of pain and hemorrhage of the "hot" argon-plasma-coagulation tonsillectomy (TE(APC)) compared with a conventional "cold" non-electrosurgery tonsillectomy (TE(Conv)). METHODS: Two hundred one consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy were included in a single-blinded, randomized, prospective study with stratification in two age groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical significant difference between TE(APC) and TE(Conv) in the intensity of postoperative pain and primary or secondary hemorrhage in both age groups. In the TE(APC) group, the mean duration of tonsillectomy was significantly reduced by more than 50% in both age groups (P <.01). The blood loss was 90% decreased in the TE(APC) compared with the TE(Conv) in both age groups (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The APC technique does not face the general problem of electrosurgery or thermal coagulation techniques in which the postoperative pain is often increased compared with conventional cold techniques. It offers an innovative new tonsillectomy method with significant reduced blood loss and surgical time.     

Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To reconcile conflicting reports and opinions of the value of preoperative coagulation studies for patients undergoing tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis: Articles were identified by MEDLINE search, references from review articles, textbook chapter, and retrieved reports. Independent observers selected prospective trials of patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Retrospective studies meeting other inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for sensitivity analyses of results. METHODS: Data were abstracted from studies for an end point of bleeding with normal and abnormal coagulation tests. Four prospective studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. These four studies were used in the data synthesis. An additional eight retrospective studies met all other criteria and were used in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Pooled analysis of 3384 patients revealed a rate of 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5%-4.1%) for post-tonsillectomy bleeding in patients with normal coagulation studies. A rate of 8.7% (95% CI, 1.5%-15.9%) was obtained for bleeding in patients with abnormal coagulation studies. No significant rate difference in post-tonsillectomy bleeding was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the rate of post-tonsillectomy bleeding in patients with abnormal coagulation studies as compared with patients with normal coagulation studies obtained preoperatively.     

Reducing post-tonsillectomy pain with cryoanalgesia: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the use of cryoanalgesia in reducing post-tonsillectomy pain. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized double-blind study of 59 consecutive patients (age range, 8-40 y) undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. METHODS: All patients underwent bipolar tonsillectomy. At the completion of the tonsillectomy patients were randomly assigned to a control or a cryotherapy group. The cryotherapy patients had both their tonsillar fossa "supercooled" to between -20 degrees C and -32 degrees C for 1 minute. Patients recorded their pain using a visual analogue scale over the next 10 days. Patients were also monitored for postoperative complications, time until resumption of a normal diet, time back to work or school, and analgesic consumption. RESULTS: The two groups were similar for age and sex. There was a 28.3% reduction in mean pain scores over the 10 days in the cryotherapy compared to the control group. This difference did not significantly depend on the day after operation or time of the day. Cryotherapy patients also returned to work or school, on average, 4 days earlier than controls. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is a new technique that significantly reduces post-tonsillectomy pain without evidence of causing additional complications.     

止血镇痛冰块的研制及临床应用效果观察

目的 寻找扁桃体摘除术后局部止血镇痛的有效方法。方法 自行研制了止血镇痛冰块(下称药冰)。100例扁桃体摘除术后患者(观察组)术后2小时起含化药冰,每1～2小时1次,每日8～12次;对照组(50例同期行扁桃体摘除术的患者)术后2小时舌根部含化冰淇淋或雪糕。观察两组术后出血疼痛、伤口愈合等情况。结果 观察组术后疼痛明显减轻,24小时出血量少,进食情况较好,与对照组相关指标比较,P均<0.01。结论药冰制作简单、价格低廉、无异味,止血、镇痛、促伤口愈合效果可靠,优于传统方法。     

低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术后出血原因及预防的探讨

目的探讨应用低温等离子刀行儿童扁桃体及腺样体切除术后出血的原因及预防。方法回顾分析2010年11月～2013年2月188例患儿应用低温等离子刀行扁桃体及腺样体切除术,年龄19个月～12岁,平均（5.3±3.1）岁,其中单纯行扁桃体切除60例,同时行扁桃体及腺样体切除69例,单纯行腺样体切除59例。结果 4例发生术后出血,其中3例为术后7～10 d,1例为术后24 h内,均为扁桃体切除术后出血,无腺样体切除术后出血病例。结论患儿自身因素及术者的操作水平是导致术后出血的重要原因,术前及术后宣教及护理、术中充分止血及较高的手术技巧是减少术后出血的关键。     

Parapharyngeal abscess: diagnosis and treatment

To study the circumstances of diagnosis, predisposing factors, bacteriology and therapeutic management of parapharyngeal abscesses. This retrospective study over a period of 7 years concerned 16 patients hospitalized in an ENT and Head and Neck surgery department for parapharyngeal abscess. All patients were treated by intravenous antibiotics and steroids for 5–7 days. The length of hospital stay was 6–15 days. Parapharyngeal abscesses associated with peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscess were all initially aspirated transorally for evacuation and bacteriologic examination. Five patients underwent surgical drainage (two via cervical incision, three by immediate tonsillectomy techniques and one by intra-oral drainage). Two patients presented jugular vein thrombosis. No life-threatening complication was observed. Patients were considered to be cured when cervical CT scan performed on D21-45 was normal. Parapharyngeal abscess is the second most common deep neck abscess after peritonsillar abscess. The diagnosis is both clinical and radiologic. CT scan is the best imaging examination for diagnosis and follow-up of parapharyngeal abscess. Non-complicated parapharyngeal abscesses require first-line medical management (intravenous antibiotics (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) combined with steroids) and follow-up CT scan.     

腺样体扁桃体切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征儿童生活质量的影响

目的　探讨腺样体扁桃体和（或）切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿生活质量的影响。方法　对OSAHS患儿行疾病特异性生活质量调查表（OSA-18）,分析术前、术后结果差异,评估生活质量变化。结果　246例患儿临床症状均缓解,OSA-18总分由（64.80±8.95）降至（30.11±4.49）,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.01）。生活质量改善总体有效率达99.60%,睡眠障碍、全身症状、对监护人的影响显著改善。结论　腺样体和（或）扁桃体切除术能够直接解除呼吸道梗阻,提高患儿睡眠质量、生活质量,可作为儿童OSAHS的主要治疗手段。     

扁桃体周围脓肿摘除扁桃体不同手术时机的疗效观察

目的观察扁桃体周围脓肿摘除扁桃体不同手术时机的疗效。方法将94例扁桃体周围脓肿患者分成3组,分别选择脓肿期、脓肿后期、择期手术等3种不同的手术时机,从术中出血量、手术时间、术后出血发生率、术中术后疼痛程度、平均住院时间等方面观察不同手术时机的疗效。结果脓肿期手术组、脓肿后期手术组及择期手术组患者的术中出血量分别为（25±5）、（10±3）、（35±5）ml;手术时间分别为（15±3）、（10±3）、（20±5）min;术后出血发生率分别为4．0％、0．0％、10．0％;术中疼痛程度（NRS）分别为（7．1±0．5）、（5．5±013）、（8．2±0．4）;术后24h疼痛程度（NRS）分别为（5．0±0．4）、（4．1±0．4）、（6．5±0．3）;术后48h疼痛程度（NRS）分别为（3．1±0．3）、（2．5±0．3）、（3．9±0．4）;平均住院时间分别为7．2、6．5、13．6d。脓肿后期手术组与另外两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后随访半年无复发病例。结论扁桃体周围脓肿患者在脓肿后期行扁桃体摘除术比在脓肿期或择期手术更加安全有效,目并发症少。     

扁桃体切除术患者住院费用影响因素分析

目的 研究扁桃体切除术患者住院费用影响因素,探讨降低医疗费用的方法.方法 回顾性分析164例扁桃体切除术住院患者病案,对住院费用构成、变化及影响因素等进行分析.结果 影响住院费用的主要因素为：麻醉方法、合并非常规检查、年龄、传统剥离术联合电凝止血、电刀切除术、多个诊断、手术时间、术后住院天数、术前住院天数、传统剥离术等.结论 控制扁桃体手术住院费用的可能措施有：控制药品和材料费用,加强临床用药和麻醉用药管理,降低全麻费用,缩短手术时间,适当增加门诊检查报销比例,减少住院天数尤其是术前住院天数等.