Survival outcome of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

The objective of our study was to assess whether HPV-positive TSCC had better survival and prognosis rates, when compared to HPV-negative TSCC.

扁桃体癌治疗及预后因素分析

目的 回顾性分析扁桃体癌的治疗疗效,并探讨影响扁桃体癌的预后因素.方法 1997年4月至2008年4月中山大学肿瘤防治中心共收治经病理证实、无远处转移的扁桃体癌61例,其中末分化癌2例,低分化鳞癌26例,中高分化鳞癌33例.根据AJCC2002年第6版分期标准,Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期23例,Ⅳ期22例.27例患者行单纯放疗,23例行放疗联合化疗,6例行手术联合术后放疗,诱导化疗加手术联合术后放疗3例,放疗后外科挽救加化疗2例.结果 随访率为96.7%.Kaplan-Metier方法 计算全组5年总生存率为50.2%.16例Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者中,8例行单纯放疗,5年生存率为50.0%,6例行手术联合术后放疗,5年生存率为83.3%,二者差异无统计学意义(P=0.318).45例Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者,单纯放疗19例,5年生存率为51.5%,放疗联合化疗21例,5年生存率为36.4%,手术联合放疗为主的治疗5例,5年生存率为75.0%,三者差异无统计学意义(P=0.239).T1-T4期5年生存率分别为91.8%、46.8%、29.1%、0%(χ~2=30.168,P<0.001).Cox多因素分析显示T分期、治疗结束时原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结疗效为影响预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 局部早期(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期)扁桃体癌的治疗,基于器官功能保全原则,倾向于选择单纯放疗,局部晚期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ期)扁桃体癌的治疗模式与疗效的关系仍需进一步研究.T分期、治疗结束时原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结疗效为影响预后的独立危险因素.     

Management of contralateral N0 neck in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: It is well established that tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas have a high probability of disseminating to the neck. An ipsilateral neck treatment is mandatory during initial treatment of stages II to IV tonsillar carcinomas. However, as of yet, no consensus exists whether to perform elective contralateral neck management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 43 N0-3 tonsillar cancer patients with contralateral clinically negative necks from 1992 to 2002 was performed. All patients had a contralateral elective neck dissection. Surgical treatment was followed by postoperative radiotherapy in 33 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 120 (mean 38) months. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate the disease-specific survival rates and prognostic significance of contralateral occult lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Clinically negative, but pathologically positive, contralateral lymph nodes occurred in 16% (7 of 43). Of the 33 cases with an ipsilateral node positive neck, contralateral occult lymph node metastases developed in 21% (7 of 33), in contrast with 0% in ipsilateral N0 necks. On the basis of the clinical staging of the tumor, 5% (1 of 22) of the cases showed lymph node metastases in T2 tumors, 36% (5 of 14) in T3, and 25% (1 of 4) in T4. None of the T1 tumors (3 cases) had pathologically positive lymph nodes (T1 + T2 vs. T3 + T4, P < .05). Patients with no evidence of contralateral nodal cancer had significantly improved disease-specific survival over patients with any pathologically positive nodes (5 year disease-specific survival rate 92% vs. 28%, P = < .05). CONCLUSION: The risk of contralateral occult neck involvement in above T3 staged tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas with unilateral metastases was high (approximately 21%), and patients who present with a contralateral metastatic neck have a worse prognosis than those who are staged as N0. Therefore, we advocate an elective contralateral neck treatment in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma patients with ipsilateral node metastases.     

有限小骨窗后颅凹减压显微术式治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形

目的 探讨采用有限小骨窗后颅凹减压显微术式治疗Chiari I型畸形的疗效. 方法 成都军区总医院神经外科自2004年至2008年采用有限小骨窗后颅凹减压显微术式治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形患者29例.标准手术程序包括有限小骨窗枕颈减压,硬膜扩大成形、硬膜下探查术、硬膜扩大修补等.按照Tator标准评价患者手术治疗的预后情况. 结果 本组患者手术效果评价优23例(79.3%),良6例(20.7%).远期随访患者15例,患者脊髓空洞进一步缩窄9例,复发1例.结论有限小骨窗后颅凹减压显微术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形创伤小,疗效显著.     

Chiari Ⅰ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症的显微外科治疗

目的 研究ChiariⅠ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症的显微手术治疗方法。方法 枕下正中入路，咬开枕骨大孔后缘及寰椎后弓，显微镜下切开硬脑脊膜，软脑膜下切除下疝的小脑扁桃体，重建第四脑室正中孔与两侧小脑延髓外侧池交通、开放脊髓中央管口，修补硬脑脊膜。结果 36例手术均顺利完成，术后恢复平稳、无感染，无死亡。病人肌力。温、痛感觉及肌张力均恢复良好。下疝的小脑扁桃体均消失。随访MRI示，6例空洞症消失，脊髓接近正常；30例脊髓空洞腔明显缩小。结论 采用显微手术切除下疝的小脑扁桃体，开放脊髓中央管口，恢复枕大池结构和功能，是治疗ChiariⅠ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症的有效方法。     

Primary mucosal melanoma of the palatine tonsil: Report of a case and review of the literature

Background

Mucosal melanoma of the palatine tonsil is extremely rare. Due to its poor prognosis, primary tonsillar melanoma requires prompt recognition and treatment.

Treatment results of tonsillar lymphoma: a 10-year experience

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkins lymphomas of the head and neck account for 10–20% of all non-Hodgkins lymphomas. Primary tonsillar lymphoma accounts for less than 1% of head and neck malignancies, although the tonsil is the most common primary extranodal site of head and neck non-Hodgkins lymphomas. In this study we analyzed our cases of tonsillar lymphoma treated in our institution during the last 10 years to compare the finding of this study with those of previous studies. We reviewed the cases of tonsillar lymphoma treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Shiraz University from 1992 to 2002. Clinical data were obtained from patients files. The patients were treated by combined chemotherapy [a median of six cycles of a CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone)] and radiation therapy (40–50 Gy to the primary site and neck). Chemotherapy mainly preceded radiotherapy, although the sequence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was determined by individual physicians and patients choice. Surgery was used mainly to establish the diagnosis, and tonsillectomy was performed for localized small lesions. Between 1992 and 2002, 19 patients with stage IE (10), IIE (7), and IIIE (2) disease were treated. Median and mean age was 48 and 44 years (range: 22–76 years), respectively, at the time of diagnosis, with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The vast majority of patients presented in early stages with aggressive histology. High-grade tumors seemed to affect mainly young people (p=0.226). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas were the most prevalent. Male patients were significantly younger than females (p=0.021). The patients were treated by combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. All patients achieved and maintained complete remission with a median of 60 months relapse-free survival and a 5-year cause-specific survival rate of 100%. All patients developed some degree of oropharyngeal mucositis. Three patients (16%) experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Mild (grade I) xerostomia remained persistently in four patients (21%). A late fatal side effect was observed in one patient who developed radiation-induced sarcoma 7 years after initial diagnosis and died 8 months later without evidence of recurrent lymphoma. Complete follow-up was obtained in all patients. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 141 months with a median of 60 and a mean of 60.4 months. At the time of last follow-up, all patients but one were alive. Age, sex, stage, bulk of disease, performance status, number of chemotherapy cycles, number of involved sites, histologic subtypes, and radiation dose were analyzed as prognostically significant for disease-specific survival in our cases. Significant prognostic factors were not identified by multivariate analysis. Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy is safe, highly effective, and probably curative for most patients with primary tonsillar lymphoma.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Clinical differentiation of infectious mononucleosis that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus: A single-center case-control study in Japan

IntroductionInfectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common viral infection that typically causes fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy in young patients. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of IM, followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Given that serological testing is associated with limitations regarding its accuracy, availability, and time to receive results, clinical differentiation based on symptoms, signs, and basic tests would be useful. We evaluated whether clinical findings could be used to differentiate EBV-IM from CMV-IM.MethodsIn this single-center retrospective case-control study, we evaluated >14-year-old patients with serologically confirmed EBV-IM or CMV-IM during 2006–2017. We compared the patients’ symptoms, physical findings, blood counts, and serum biomarkers to create three regression models: model 1 (symptoms and signs), model 2 (model 1 plus sonographic hepatosplenomegaly and blood counts), and model 3 (model 2 plus hepatobiliary biomarkers).ResultsAmong the 122 patients (72.6%) with EBV-IM and 46 patients (27.4%) with CMV-IM, the median age was 25 years and 82 patients (48.8%) were male. The median age was 10 years older in the CMV-IM group (p < 0.001) and the median interval from onset to visit was 5 days longer in the CMV-IM group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that EBV-IM was predicted by younger age, short onset-to-visit interval, lymphadenopathy, tonsillar white coat, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical lymphocytosis, and elevations of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. All regression models had areas under the curve of >0.9.ConclusionHistory and physical findings, especially when used with atypical lymphocytosis and sonographic hepatosplenomegaly, can help physicians differentiate EBV-IM from CMV-IM.     

Síndrome de Eagle hacia la delimitación clínica

ObjectivesOrofacial and cervical pain are a frequent reason for neurology consultations and may be due to multiple pathological processes. These include Eagle syndrome (ES), a very rare entity whose origin is attributed to calcification of the stylohyoid ligament or elongation of the temporal styloid process. We present a series of five patients diagnosed with ES.Material and methodsWe describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and response to treatment of 5 patients who attended the headache units of two tertiary hospitals for symptoms compatible with Eagle syndrome.ResultsThe patients were three men and two women aged between 24 and 51, presenting dull, intense pain, predominantly in the inner ear and the ipsilateral tonsillar fossa. All patients had chronic, continuous pain in the temporal region, with exacerbations triggered by swallowing. Four patients had previously consulted several specialists at otorhinolaryngology departments; one had been prescribed antibiotics for suspected Eustachian tube inflammation. In all cases, the palpation of the tonsillar fossa was painful. Computed tomography scans revealed an elongation of the styloid process and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament in three patients. Four patients improved with neuromodulatory therapy (duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin) and only one required surgical excision of the styloid process.ConclusionsEagle syndrome is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed cause of craniofacial pain. We present five new cases that exemplify both the symptoms and the potential treatments of this entity.     

皮肌炎并咽部恶性肿瘤（附3例报告）

报告３例皮肌炎患者２，例并鼻咽癌，１例并扁桃体癌的诊治经过，对皮肌炎并恶性肿瘤的诊治，预后及关系进行讨论，强调对皮肌炎患者地耳鼻咽喉检查的重要性。