未通过听力筛查的新生儿听力追踪分析

目的探讨未通过听力筛查的婴幼儿听力变化及特点。方法调查我院妇产科2004年9月～2006年9月出生的7808例新生儿采用畸变产物耳声发射法（DPOAE）进行听力筛查，未通过102例转广州市儿童医院耳鼻喉科行脑干诱发电位检查（ABR），以了解新生儿听力障碍的情况并对听力障碍儿童结果进行分析评估和确认。结果102例婴幼儿最后确认听力正常78例占76．47％，听力损失24例占23．53％，24例最后经ABR确诊听力轻度障碍12例（11．77％），中度障碍6例（5.88％），重度4例（3．92％），极重度2例（1．96％）。本组资料提示，各种听力损失（包括单耳和双耳）的患病率为0．307％（24／7808）。从初诊到最后确认，重度和极重度以上听力损失者的听力基本无改变，而轻度、中度听力损失者的听力有改善的正常趋势。结论重度以上听力损失者，3个月内的早期诊断和6个月内的早期干预是可行的；轻～中度听力损失者应进行至少二次以上听力检测、至少6个月以上的跟踪随访，综合分析各项检查结果后才能做出正确诊断。     

奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血疗效观察

目的观察联合应用奥曲肽和奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。方法选取2004年1月～2011年7月某院收治的242例肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者,按照入院顺序随机分为观察组(121例)和对照组(121例),观察组患者给予联合应用奥曲肽和奥美拉唑治疗;对照组患者单用奥曲肽治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果和药物不良反应等情况。结果①观察组患者治疗总有效率为90.08%,明显高于对照组的77.69%;观察组患者治疗后再出血率为0.83%,低于对照组4.96%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。②观察组患者治疗平均止血时间为(27.8±2.4)h,短于对照组(46.4±3.1)h;观察组患者治疗过程中平均输血量为(267.1±43.7)ml,小于对照组的(538.8±87.3)ml,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。③观察组患者治疗期间发生恶心呕吐18例,对照组治疗期间发生恶心呕吐8例,未经过特殊处理后自行缓解。结论联合应用奥曲肽和奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血可提高治疗有效,降低再出血率,缩短止血时间,而且无明显的不良反应,值得推广应用。     

多肽蛋白类药物的长效注射微球突释控制技术研究进展

综述了多肽蛋白类药物长效注射微球突释控制技术的研究进展。探讨了药物结构修饰、载体材料性质、添加剂、制备工艺、微球粒径及载药量等方法对微球突释的影响。     

后路椎管减压钉棒系统内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的术后护理

目的探讨后路椎板开窗减压并钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的护理方法。方法采用后路椎管减压钉棒系统内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者87例,并评估神经功能恢复情况。实施一系列护理措施,并定期随访。结果本组87例患者治疗转归:术后随访10-24个月,平均15个月,均无术后并发症发生。10-12个月再次住院行内固定取出术2例,达到了重新行走、生活及工作的能力。结论经后路椎管减压钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,围术期系统的护理措施及健康教育能够保证该项技术的顺利实施。能有效改善患者术后的生活质量。     

Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds from Artocarpus styracifolius on respiratory burst of rat neutrophils

Context: Searching for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) respiratory burst inhibitors is an important topic in the treatment of human diseases associated with inflammation.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects of phenolics isolated from Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre (Moraceae) on respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).

Materials and methods: The anti-respiratory burst activities of eight phenolics (20?µM) were assessed by determining luminol-dependent chemiluminiscence in rat PMNs. Cytotoxicity of active compounds (1–1000?µM) was assayed by Trypan blue dye exclusion method. Cell-free models were employed to evaluate scavenging capacity of active compounds (20?µM) against reactive oxygen species.

Results: The PMA-induced respiratory burst was significantly inhibited (p?1–6) at the concentration of 20?µM (below the toxic concentration) with the inhibition rate ranging from 25.0 to 99.6%. The inhibitory potency estimated by IC₅₀ was in the order of AS1 (3.1?µM) >AS6 (5.9?µM) >AS2 (9.1?µM) >AS3 (10.0?µM) >AS5 (29.7?µM) >AS4 (57.7?µM). AS1–4, four isoprenylated flavones, potently quenched superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide at the concentration of 20?µM with their scavenging rates in the range of 30.1–78.1%, 35.4–69.7%, and 65.5–86.3%, respectively. In contrast, AS5–6, two isoprenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, showed less effect than that exhibited by AS1–4.

Conclusion and discussion: The isoprenylated phenolics from A. styracifolius can potently inhibit PMA-induced respiratory burst in rat neutrophils without showing cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of these isoprenylated phenolics on the respiratory burst might depend on their different types of structure.     

Cigarette-smoke-induced priming of neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers for increased oxidative burst response is mediated by TNF-α

In vitro treatment of human peripheral blood neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers with an aqueous cigarette smoke (CS) extract resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in surface expression of CD11b and CD66b and a corresponding decrease of CD62L, together with a concentration-dependent release of MMP-8, MMP-9, and lactoferrin, indicating considerable activation and degranulation. However, the burst response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was unchanged in CS-stimulated neutrophils from both smokers and non-smokers. When supernatants from CS-treated monocytic MonoMac-6 (MM6) cells were used for activation of neutrophils, concentration-dependent changes in surface marker expression, granule protein release, and the oxidative burst response to fMLP were observed, again with no major differences between smokers and non-smokers. CS-treated MM6 cells released significant amounts of IL-8 and TNF-α into the culture supernatant. However, antibody blocking experiments showed that only TNF-α mediated the increased burst response in neutrophils. These data show that, in the presence of secondary cells, CS is able to prime neutrophils for an increased burst response to fMLP which is mediated by TNF-α, released from the secondary cells in response to CS. Following stimulation with priming agents, peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy smokers show an equal burst response compared to those from non-smokers.     

新穿心莲内酯对小鼠巨噬细胞呼吸爆发及淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的: 观察新穿心莲内酯对小鼠RAW264. 7巨噬细胞呼吸爆发和BALB/C小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响,探讨其抗炎免疫活性。方法:分别用化学发光法和AlamarBlue染色法考察新穿心莲内酯对佛波豆蔻酸乙酯刺激的小鼠巨噬细胞呼吸爆发及植物凝集素刺激的BALB/C小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果:新穿心莲内酯在 75 ~150μmol·L-1浓度范围内对刺激的巨噬细胞呼吸爆发及淋巴细胞增殖有抑制作用,而在 1. 5~7. 5μmol·L-1浓度范围内可协同刺激剂引起的呼吸爆发。结论:新穿心莲内酯在高浓度时具有抗炎活性,而低浓度时具有免疫刺激活性,提示其可能具有双向调节功能。     

96例经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效观察

目的：对经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床治疗效果进行观察和分析。方法：从本院自2008年9月-2012年3月收治的所有胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者中,随机抽样96例患者进行疗效观察,并将抽样样本按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组48例。其中对照组患者采用常规的入路开放手术进行治疗,观察组的患者则采用经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定方法进行治疗。结果：观察组患者手术的耐受性都很好,70～110 min,手术的平均出血量为（150.8±18.4）mL,且所有患者在手术中没有出现并发症。手术完成之后,本组患者在24～48 h之内就可以下床进行活动,在术后两年内接受回访的患者恢复情况良好,内固定去除之后有5例出现骨折部位二次塌陷的问题。对照组在手术中有3例无法耐受手术,手术时间为80～130 min,平均出血量（235.4±25.4）mL,有4例患者在手术后出现并发症。手术完成之后患者一般在72 h左右能下床进行活动。术后两年内接受回访发现,本组患者在内固定去除之后,有13例出现骨折部位的二次塌陷。经过对比,观察组临床治疗效果要明显优于对照组。结论：采用经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者具有较好的临床治疗效果,和常规的入路开放手术相比,具有损伤小、近期效果好的优势。     

Tone-evoked brainstem responses and auditory steady state responses to 40hz and 80hz amplitude modulated stimuli with different frequencies — a comparative study

Abstract

Tone burst evoked auditory brainstem responses and auditory steady state responses with 40 or > 80 Hz modulation can be used to determine frequency specific threshold.

Aim

The present study was taken up to check for the efficacy of estimating hearing thresholds by tone burst ABR and ASSR. The frequency effect (low, mid and high) on estimating the threshold was also focused upon.

Methods

20 normal hearing adults (40 ears) in the age range of 16 to 30 years participated in the study. The pure tone audiometry and immittance was initially done. Subsequently, tone-burst ABR, 80Hz ASSR and 40Hz ASSR to estimate the threshold with three frequencies 500Hz (low), 2000Hz (mid) and 4000Hz (high) was done. The data was analyzed statistically using pair sample t-test.

Results

ASSR threshold for 80Hz and 40Hz was almost comparable. ASSR was superior to estimate the threshold than tone-burst ABR. For the low frequency the discrepancy between the behavioral threshold and frequency-specific evoked audiometry was more when compared to mid and high frequency.

Conclusion

Present study showed that steady-state responses were efficient means of threshold detection than visual detection of ABR wave-V. In awake adult subjects, 40Hz and 80Hz amplitude modulated produced similar results. For the threshold estimation ASSR was better than tone-burst ABR.     

噪声习服对听觉损伤保护作用

目的探讨噪声习服对听觉损伤的保护作用。方法取健康成年豚鼠40只，随机分为正常对照组、噪声习服组、噪声损伤暴露组和噪声习服后损伤暴露组。建立噪声习服实验动物模型。采用听觉电生理测试和耳蜗基底膜铺片的方法，分别测定听性脑干反应（ABR）阈值及毛细胞缺失率的变化。结果噪声习服暴露对其后强噪声损伤暴露引起的听力损失产生了13dB的保护作用。耳蜗基底膜铺片显示，本实验中暴露引起的毛细胞缺失较明显，习服后损伤暴露组与直接损伤的暴露组相比基底膜第Ⅰ、Ⅱ圈的毛细胞缺失减少。结论采用适宜的噪声暴露参数，噪声习服暴露可对其后强噪声损伤暴露引起的听力损失产生保护作用。噪声暴露引起的毛细胞形态学改变包括细胞缺失和非致死性细胞损伤。噪声习服暴露后减少其后强噪声损伤暴露引起的毛细胞缺失。