Skull base osteomyelitis following a mastoidectomy

Skull base osteomyelitis is a rare but life-threatening condition that is characterized by osteitis of the temporal bone and skull base. Although skull base osteomyelitis is recognized as a rare complication of malignant external otitis or middle ear infection, it may also occur following a mastoidectomy. We present a case of an 81-year-old woman who suffered severe otalgia with normal-looking EAC and tympanic membrane that developed six weeks following a canal wall up mastoidectomy. Otalgia was the only abnormal feature to suspect occurrence of skull base osteomyelitis.     

鼻内镜下上颌窦入路鼻-颅底区域的解剖学分析

目的创建内镜下经上颌窦入路翼腭窝及颞下窝解剖模型,寻找内镜下咽旁间隙段颈内动脉的定位方法。方法 对100例成人行鼻、颅底CT扫描并用Mimics软件进行三维重建;在重建模型上分别测量犁骨后缘中点至颈内动脉相关解剖标志的角度和距离。同时对6具尸头于鼻内镜下经上颌窦联合入路解剖翼腭窝和颞下窝,以咽鼓管为中心向外、向后逐步暴露并定位咽旁间隙段颈内动脉。结果犁骨后缘中点至破裂孔、颈动脉管外孔、颈静脉孔的角度平均值分别为72.0°、57.6°、54.1°,犁骨后缘中点至以上各孔的距离平均值分别为13.65、31.81、32.5 mm,蝶骨角棘与颈动脉管外口前界平均距离为5.92 mm。结论鼻内镜下经鼻联合上颌窦开窗入路能充分的暴露翼腭窝和颞下窝结构。犁骨后根、蝶骨翼突、蝶骨角棘、卵圆孔和茎突是颈内动脉相关颅底解剖的重要标志;蝶骨角棘、骨性咽鼓管口为颈动脉管外口前界的重要骨性标志,术中不超越该界限有助于减少损伤咽旁间隙段颈内动脉。     

神经内镜经双鼻孔入路在颅底外科中的应用

目的回顾性分析神经内镜经双鼻孔入路在颅底外科手术中的应用。方法收集70例颅底疾病患者神经内镜经双鼻孔入路行颅底手术治疗的临床资料。其中垂体腺瘤40例,鞍结节脑膜瘤11例,嗅沟脑膜瘤、脊索瘤、脑脊液鼻漏修补及视神经管减压各3例,颅咽管瘤、齿状突畸形各2例,眶内海绵状血管瘤、表皮样囊肿及鼻咽癌各1例。术后观察患者临床疗效。结果手术切除肿瘤62例,完全切除54例(87.1%),次全切除8例(12.9%);其中3例脑脊液鼻漏修补完全治愈,3例视神经管减压后视力好转,2例齿状突切除术后神经症状明显改善。结论神经内镜经双鼻孔入路能充分暴露鞍区等颅底结构,有效避免因空间狭窄所引起的操作不便,值得临床推广应用。     

个体化模板辅助颅底区永久性组织间近距离治疗的可行性研究

目的 评价个体化模板辅助技术在颅底区恶性肿瘤永久性组织间近距离治疗中应用的可行性。方法 选择2010年8月至2012年6月在北京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科接受¹²⁵I粒子永久性植入治疗的颅底区复发性恶性肿瘤患者20例。植入前行头颈部CT扫描获得Dicom数据,导入组织间近距离治疗计划系统进行预计划和模拟针道设计,然后将含有模拟针道信息的图像文件导入Mimics软件和Geomagic软件进行个体化模板数字建模,最后利用医用光敏树脂经快速成型技术制作个体化模板。粒子植入过程中,应用个体化模板控制针的插植和粒子的植入,并CT扫描验证插植针空间位置分布。粒子植入后CT扫描进行粒子空间分布和实际剂量验证。粒子植入过程中和植入后72 h内观察并记录并发症。结果 20例颅底区复发恶性肿瘤患者应用个体化模板技术,均顺利完成了¹²⁵I粒子植入。个体化模板同时具有预计划插植针道信息和患者面部特征信息,插植针定位和定向准确。¹²⁵I粒子平均植入70颗(20～172颗),空间分布均匀,无移位和脱落。粒子平均活度0.7 mCi/颗(0.6～0.8 mCi/颗, 1 Ci=3.7×10¹⁰ Bq),平均D₉₀=181.6 Gy(127.4～279.6 Gy),平均V₁₀₀为98.2%(94.6%～100%),平均V₁₅₀为43.2%(24.3%～52.2%),危及器官的平均受照剂量为31.6 Gy(24.6～47.3 Gy)。未观察到严重并发症。结论 应用个体化模板辅助颅底区永久性组织间近距离治疗,方法安全可行,具有插植针定位、定向准确的特点,可明显提高治疗的精确性,避免插植操作的盲目性。     

Endoscopic endonasal technique: treatment of paranasal and anterior skull base malignancies

Technical and technological innovations have spearheaded the expansion of the indications for the use of endoscopic endonasal approaches to extirpate malignancies of the sinonasal tract and adjacent skull base.ObjectiveCritical review of the available literature regarding the use of endoscopic endonasal approaches including indications, limitations, surgical techniques, oncologic outcome, and quality of life.MethodVarious endoscopic endonasal techniques are reviewed according to the origin and local extension of sinonasal and skull base malignancies including anterior cranial base, nasopharynx, clivus, and infratemporal fossa. In addition, the available literature is reviewed to assess outcomes.ConclusionEndoscopic endonasal approaches are an integral part of the armamentarium for the treatment of the sinonasal tract malignancies and skull base. In properly selected cases, it affords similar oncologic outcomes with lower morbidity than traditional open approaches. Nonetheless, these minimal access approaches should be considered a complement to well-established open approaches, which are still necessary in most advanced tumors.     

Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral bacteria.In this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in periodontitis.Minimal inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against P.gingivalis,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely important.Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma membrane.This information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with P.gingivalis lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial activity.Utilizing a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique P.gingivalis stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and virulence.Prophylactic or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.     

中药药性物质基础研究中数学建模思路探讨

目的:探讨数学建模策略在中药药性物质基础研究中的应用,并尝试建立一套客观可重复的建模思路与方法.方法:从数据库建立、数据预处理、建模策略选择和评价标准制定4个关键步骤,讨论中药药性特征标记识别模型的建立.结果:从64种建模策略中选出17种判别良好的模型,继而考察其可视化表达能力选出4种适宜模型,最后经统计模拟,选出PLS作为目前最适宜模型.结论:中药药性与其发挥作用的物质基础之间难以找到现成的公式或规律来表达二者关联,可用穷举策略,经数据库建立、数据预处理、建模策略选择和评价4步筛选适宜的中药药性特征标记识别模型.     

面向卫生决策支持的模型库设计与构建

从卫生决策需求出发,设计了面向卫生决策支持的模型库系统。首先分析了卫生决策对模型库建设的需求,根据对当前模型库建设思路的调研,提出了卫生决策模型的选择原则和模型种类,制定了面向对象的卫生决策模型库设计方案,并对卫生决策模型库的调用过程和应用领域分别进行阐述。