Associations and community health workers: analysis and time trends over ten years of training-action

ObjectiveTo analyse the profile of the persons and associations that participated in the course, quantify peer education activities and analyse their evolution.MethodA quantitative study using an analysis of the course records from 2009 to 2018 was designed for this purpose inside mihsalud program designed to promote health amongst persons in vulnerable situations in the city of Valencia (Spain). It offers a yearly training-action course of community health workers (CHW) that is attended by persons who have been proposed by associations. The associations were defined according to their population (immigrant, local or intercultural) and the CHWs according to gender, country of birth, year of course, association and continuity after training. Means and confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and a bivariate analysis was conducted in order to compare the activities that took place in 2009 to 2013 with those of 2014 to 2018. The time trends were analysed by applying linear regression models that included the different years studied as the dependent variable.Results201 CHW of 31 nationalities were trained, 81.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75.5-86.7] were women. Eighty-two associations participated, 51.2% (95% CI: 39.9-62.4] worked with culturally diverse populations. Participation by associations (p = .017) and CHWs (p = .377) increased in a statistically significant manner over the years. After the course, 35.3% (95% CI: 28.7-42.4] of the CHWs continued to collaborate voluntarily in the associations.ConclusionsThe results of the CHW training-action course improve over time given that a significant increase in participation by associations and women can be seen, along with a greater number of activities completed during the training. One effect of this is that CHWs are contracted or carry out voluntary activities in the associations.     

颅底肿瘤93例临床分析

目的：总结93例颅底肿瘤的诊治经验。方法：对我科近8年收治的颅底肿瘤病人进行回顾总结。结果：颅底肿瘤良性居多,外科手术是首选,显微外科手术提高了全切率,减少丁并发症．结论：显微外科手术是治疗颅底肿瘤的首选方法。     

三维CT在颅底缺损重建中的作用

目的 用三维CT技术进行颅底重建手术的分析、设计、提高一期重建的成功率。方法 手术前联合采用三维CT、MRI或CT了解病变与颅底的关系,颅底缺损的大小、范围及所涉及的重要结构。根据不同情况设计相应手术方案,以自体骨、颞肌瓣和硅橡胶为修复材料。结果 10例中1例颅骨纤维结构不良者发生脑膜炎。3周后痊愈。余9例无类似或组织下垂、脑脊液鼻漏等并发症。结论 三维CT为分析颅底重建手术方案提供了立体分析资料,同时也为手术后评价颅底重建效果提供了直接的实体影像。     

Early Arytenoid Adduction for Vagal Paralysis After Skull Base Surgery

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of early arytenoid adduction in the management of vagal paralysis after skull base surgery. Study Design Retrospective evaluation at a tertiary care skull base center. Methods Aggressive surgical management of skull base lesions has become increasingly popular owing to advances in surgical technique and intraoperative monitoring. Temporary and permanent lower cranial neuropathies occur frequently, especially after the surgical management of lesions involving the vertebrobasilar system and the jugular foramen. An injury to the proximal vagus nerve is usually associated with dysphonia and swallowing dysfunction. An early arytenoid adduction has been employed in 26 patients with a vagal paralysis after skull base surgery. Most commonly, the neurosurgical patient underwent an arytenoid adduction under general anesthesia on postoperative day 2. Results Videostroboscopy after arytenoid adduction demonstrated 76% of patients had complete glottic closure. Of those with inadequate glottic closure, all demonstrated a well‐medialized posterior glottis with a persistent anterior glottal gap. These patients were easily treated with a secondary type I thyroplasty under local anesthesia with sedation resulting in complete glottic closure. Despite excellent voice outcomes, 66% of these patients had dysphagia requiring enteral feedings for nutritional support. Conclusions An early arytenoid adduction is an excellent medialization technique that can be performed safely in the early postoperative period under general anesthesia after skull base surgery.     

小儿鼻颅底针形内窥镜的检查与手术

目的：探讨应用针形内窥镜对小儿鼻颅底疾病进行探查与手术的方法及疗效。方法：在外径１．９ｍｍ的进口针形内窥镜及电视同图像系统监视下,对８例小儿（７ｄ￣１２岁）鼻颅底有关疾病进行探杳与手术。结果：先天性后鼻孔闭锁３例中,１例好转,３例痊愈。外伤性脑脊液鼻漏１例,经修补痊愈先天性脑膜脑膨出２例,确诊后１例暂缓治疗。另１例行内窥镜手术痊愈。颅底神经母细胞瘤２例取材作病理检查确诊。结论：在电视图像监视下应用     

起始密码下游序列与16srRNA3′端序列的匹配性对基因表达效率的影响

目的 :研究起始密码下游序列与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482局部序列间的匹配关系对基因表达效率的影响。方法 :我们一方面对人IL_2、人IL_8、人IL_6 ,人GM_CSF、人G_CSF、人IL_1ra、人IL_9等全长cDNA序列及 5′末端局部序列与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482序列进行匹配性进行分析 ,寻找序列匹配性与表达效率间的关系 ;另一方面 ,对人IL_6、人GM_CSFcDNA 5′端序列进行沉默突变 ,增强其与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482序列间的匹配性 ,并克隆入pKpL4表达型质粒载体 ,通过大肠杆菌进行表达 ,实验验证序列匹配性与基因表达效率的关系。结果 :分析发现起始密码下游局部序列与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482核酸匹配性越好 ,则目的蛋白表达效率越高 ;目的基因编码区内与 16srRNA 3′ +146 9——— +1482间的最大匹配区域越靠近 5′末端 ,目的蛋白表达效率越高。通过对人IL_6、人GM_CSFcDNA 5′末端序列进行沉默突变 ,改善其与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482序列的匹配性后 ,目的蛋白的表达量均呈不同程度地提高。结论 :提高起始密码下游序列与 16srRNA 3′端 +146 9——— +1482局部序列间的匹配性 ,可增强目的基因的表达效率。     

临床常用药物对人体酸碱平衡的影响

目的：探讨临床常用药物对人体酸碱平衡的影响,指导临床工作。方法：用酸度计测定九种药品ｐＨ值,计算氢离子浓度。结果：偏碱性的药物有５０ｇ／Ｌ碳酸氢钠,谷氨酸钠、谷氨酸钾注射液;偏酸性的药物有盐酸精氨酸、维生素Ｃ、各种浓度葡萄糖注射液、氯化钠注射液。结论：临床上一些常用药品会影响人体的酸碱平衡,尤其在机体酸碱平衡调节发生障碍的情况下,更应谨慎。     

颅颌面联合手术治疗前颅底区肿瘤

目的 探讨前颅底肿瘤手术及术后颅底组织缺损修复方法。方法 对１９９２～１９９９年间我院收治的３５例患者的手术方法、手术效果、并发症、生存率、修复材料和方法等进行了回顾性分析。结果 本组并发症的发生率为１４．２９％（５／３５例）,３５例中良性肿瘤共１１例,１例死于术后脑水肿伴全身,余了０例随访７年皆健在。２４例恶性肿瘤患者的３年和５年生存率（按生命表法计算）分别为５８．０７％和３６．２９％。结论 采     

Review of skull base surgery approaches: With special reference to pediatric patients

Summary The techniques of skull base surgery attempt to maximize the exposure of a cranial base lesion while using the least amount of brain retraction. Cranial base surgery is not a new area of neurosurgical or otolaryngologic interest, but instead represents a resurgence of efforts to treat difficult lesions involving the cranial base. This resurgence of interest and effort is a product of recent advances in microanatomical knowledge of the cranial base, advances in microsurgical technique, improved neurophysiologic monitoring, and improved collaborative relationships between neurosurgery, otolaryngology and plastic surgery. Furthermore, improved neuroanesthetic techniques allow the surgeon to proceed with surgery without undue concern about time, and improved neuroimaging techniques provide the surgeon with detailed knowledge of the three dimensional characteristics of the tumor and surrounding structures [1].This review will focus on the surgical management of cranial base tumors primarily affecting the pediatric population.Little has been written on the techniques of skull base surgery as they apply to the pediatric population, since cranially-based tumors are a relatively rare occurrence in this patient population. In most instances, however, many of the 'standard' skull base approaches can be applied to the pediatric patient with few modifications, and in our experience, the pediatric patients have tolerated these approaches as well as their adult counterparts.     

界面缩聚法制备聚芳酯复合纳滤膜的研究 Ⅰ.基膜的制备

分别以聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）,磺化聚砜（ＳＰＳＦ）和ＰＥＳ合金膜为基膜,分析了相容性对膜性能以及不同种类基膜对界面缩聚的影响。用电镜分别观察ＰＥＳ单组分膜和合金膜的断面形貌。结果表明：用小孔径的合金膜为基膜得到的复合膜具有较好的脱盐能力,对Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的脱除率达到９０％。