Metabolic base production and mucosal vulnerability during acid inhibition in a mammalian stomachin vitro

Acid inhibition increases gastric mucosal susceptibility to damage by luminal acid. This might be due to reduced metabolic CO₂ and bicarbonate whereas, during normal acid, secretion cytoprotective CO₂/HCO₃- production parallels acid production. Metabolic activity and mucosal damage caused by luminal acid perfusion was determined in anin vitro mouse stomach, with and without acid inhibition, and at 0%, 1%, or 5% serosal CO₂ supply. Without acid inhibition there was no mucosal damage at any level of serosal CO₂/HCO₃- supply. Acid inhibition reduced metabolic CO₂ production by 29% (P<0.004) and resulted in microscopic damage to 55% of the mucosal area and perforation in four of five stomachs (P<0.05). Although, 1% CO₂ supply completely replaced the reduction in metabolic CO₂, it did not protect against mucosal damage. Overreplacement by 5% serosal CO₂/HCO₃- was required to prevent damage. There was no correlation between luminal CO₂/HCO₃- output and mucosal damage. The protection by endogenous or exogenous CO₂/HCO₃- appears to act intracellularly rather than by intragastric or intercellular neutralization.This study was supported by Swiss National Foundation grants 32-26369.89 and 32-33626.92. The morphometry equipment was supported by a grant from the Osterreichische Nationalbank.     

Cocaine's effects on speech sound identification and reaction times in baboons

The effects of cocaine on speech sound discriminations was examined to determine whether cocaine's previously demonstrated effect in reducing speech sound discriminability was dependent upon either the type of stimuli employed (simple tones versus complex speech) or the procedure (stimulus detection versus stimulus discrimination). Because of demonstrated similarities in the way that baboons and humans discriminate speech, and in the way the CNS is thought to encode and process speech sounds in these two species, baboons were trained to perform a choice procedure to identify the occurrence of different synthetic vowel sounds (/a/, /æ/, //, /U/, and /љ/). Animals held down a lever and released the lever only when one of four target vowels sounded, and not when a fifth, standard vowel sounded. Acute IM administration of cocaine (0.0032–1.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in vowel discriminability that were mostly due to elevations in false alarms (i.e., releases to the standard vowel) following cocaine. Cocaine also shortened reaction times to the stimuli in two of three baboons, but to a much lesser extent than observed previously. These results suggest that cocaine may interfere with the ability of the CNS to process the acoustic cues in speech sounds, and that the effects of cocaine on reaction times may depend upon the complexity of the reaction time procedure employed.     

白花蛇舌草研究进展

本文综述了近年来白花蛇舌草的资源与生产、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等方面的研究进展，为白花蛇舌草深入研究提供参考。     

左氟沙星市场透析

目的 :了解我国左氟沙星市场现状及发展趋势。方法 :对左氟沙星的国内、外生产和销售情况进行分析 ,进而预测其市场前景。结果与结论 :我国左氟沙星市场前景广阔 ,竞争日趋激烈 ,工商企业应密切注意市场变化。     

阳离子抗菌肽研究进展

阳离子抗菌肽广泛分布于多种生物 ,越来越多的证据表明它们在机体天然免疫中有着重要的作用。广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤细胞及其它特性也使得其具有潜在的医药价值。对抗菌肽的研究正不断深入。该文从一般性质、作用机制、构效关系、重组表达、应用价值、存在的问题与发展方向等方面 ,对阳离子抗菌肽的最新研究进展进行综述     

聋儿配戴助听器后使用无线调频语训系统的效果评估

目的：研究和比较全数字助听器与无线调频语训（FM）系统不同结合方式对重度听力损失儿童的助听效果，方法：聋儿双耳分别配戴全数字助听器，双耳全数字助听器结合单耳FM系统，双耳全数字助听器结合双耳FM系统，在安静和噪声环境中，以不同强度的言语声测试言语可懂度，比较在安静环境和噪声环境中使用与不同使用FM系统及单耳使用与双耳同时使用的助听效果。结果：在安静和噪声环境下，使用FM系统的言语可懂度优于不使用该系统（P＜0．05），单耳使用该系统和双耳使用该系统无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：聋儿配戴助听器使用无线调频语训系统在安静和噪声环境下言语可懂度高于不使用该系统者。     

老年性痴呆患者的听觉损害

目的　确定老年性痴呆患者 (seniledementiaoftheAlzheimer′sdisease ,AD)有无周围性听功能障碍及其与认知障碍的关系。方法　利用纯音测听、言语识别率、声导抗、听觉脑干反应检测AD患者 43例 ,健康老年人 50例 ,评定受试者测听可信度 ,统计测试结果 ,并将上述结果同受试者简易精神状态量表 (mini mentalscaleofequastionnaire ,MMSE)得分进行对照分析 ,寻找二者之间的关系。结果　受试者两耳间周围听力差异无显著性 ,以右耳听力结果 ( x±s)进行统计。AD组纯音听阈为 (2 6 3± 8 5)dBHL和 (2 9 1± 8 7)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (85 5± 5 5) % ;对照组纯音听阈为 (2 3 2± 1 0 6)dBHL和 (2 6 2± 1 1 8)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (87 6± 6 8) %。虽然AD组周围听功能检查结果低于对照组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。测听可信度、声导抗和ABR阈值两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　老年性痴呆患者纯音听阈和言语识别率与老年聋相似 ,其周围听功能障碍与MMSE认知量表得分无关。     

喉全切除气管食管分路发音重建的防误咽术

目的　观察喉全切除气、食管分路发音重建防误咽术的效果。方法　 1991年 10月～2 0 0 1年 5月对 79例T3、T4喉癌患者喉全切除术中行气、食管分路发音重建防误咽术 ,在食管前壁和气管后壁做一个长约 0 8～ 1 2cm发声口 ,同时保留环状软骨宽度 1 2cm ,长度 2 0cm做成软骨黏膜瓣防误咽檐 ,气管膜部向前外与皮肤缝合 ,做成防误咽斜度。结果　 79例患者中有 71例患者获得良好发声 ,71例患者中有 6 5例防误咽成功 ,6例失败。 6 5例患者随访 1年以上 ,均无误呛。 79例患者术后T3、T4期 3年生存率分别是 6 6 7% (14 / 2 1)和 6 4 9% (2 4 / 37)。T3、T4期 5年生存率分别是 6 / 10和5 0 0 % (10 / 2 0 )。结论　气、食管分路发音重建防误咽术能有效地防止误咽。     

青霉素过滤工艺改进

目的：为了进一步解决青霉素生产过过程中的过滤问题和进一步扩大产量，克服原设备的缺陷。方法：我们采用了目前国内制药企业广泛使用的鼓式过滤机过滤技术及利用热交换器进行热量交换以达到生产工艺的要求同时改进相应工艺。结果：达到降低生产成本、扩大生产产量、加快生产速度，提高生产产率的结果。结论：通过实际生产证明完全符合实际生产的需要。本文就目前青霉素过滤过程中的几个关键环节作简要讨论。     

生物技术在现代中药材生产领域的应用及应注意的问题

本文对生物技术在中药材种质保存与鉴定、育种、种苗与活性成分工业化生产等领域的应用进行了综述，并提出了应注意的问题，为中药材的现代化生产提供参考。