Diet Quality and Cognitive Performance in Australian Adults Aged 55–85 Years: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Hunter Community Study Cohort

There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p < 0.001; R² = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055; p = 0.001; R² = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136; p = 0.002; R² = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this sample of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.     

Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics in Metabolic- (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives

Metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the predominant hepatopathy and one of the most important systemic, metabolic-related disorders all over the world associated with severe medical and socio-economic repercussions due to its growing prevalence, clinical course (steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular-carcinoma), and related extra-hepatic comorbidities. To date, no specific medications for the treatment of this condition exist, and the most valid recommendation for patients remains lifestyle change. MAFLD has been associated with metabolic syndrome; its development and progression are widely influenced by the interplay between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics findings suggest nutrition’s capability, by acting on the individual genetic background and modifying the specific epigenetic expression as well, to influence patients’ clinical outcome. Besides, immunity response is emerging as pivotal in this multifactorial scenario, suggesting the interaction between diet, genetics, and immunity as another tangled network that needs to be explored. The present review describes the genetic background contribution to MAFLD onset and worsening, its possibility to be influenced by nutritional habits, and the interplay between nutrients and immunity as one of the most promising research fields of the future in this context.     

2008-2018年云南省人间布鲁菌病流行特征及灰色GM(1,1)模型预测

目的分析云南省布鲁菌病(简称布病)流行特征,建立灰色GM(1,1)模型,预测云南省布病病情。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和云南省统计局2008-2018年云南省布病疫情数据和人口资料,分析布病流行病学特征(包括时间、地区、人群分布),并以灰色GM(1,1)模型进行建模,预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率。结果2008-2018年云南省共报告布病病例1216例,年均发病率为0.2374/10万,呈逐年递增趋势(χ²趋势=843.34,P<0.01)。病例报告主要集中在3-9月份,占总病例数的69.41%(844/1216)。病例报告数居前5位的州市分别为红河州(289例)、曲靖市(264例)、昆明市(258例)、大理州(160例)、玉溪市(134例),占总病例数的90.87%(1105/1216)。职业以农民为主,占79.03%(961/1216)。建立灰色GM(1,1)模型预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率分别为0.4876/10万和0.4817/10万。结论云南省布病发病较以往上升,应对重点地区、重点人群进行针对性防控,并对预测结果进行前瞻性评价,逐步完善云南省布病预测模型。     

CT后处理技术对肝硬化的临床诊断价值研究

目的:探讨CT后处理技术诊断肝硬化的临床价值。方法:选取68例肝硬化患者纳入观察组,完善所有患者入院检查,并进行肝功能分级(Child-Pugh)评分。选择同时期医院查体的均无肝脏病变且既往无肝脏疾病史的68名志愿者纳入健康对照组。观察组和健康对照组均接受CT检查,测量肝脏体积(LV),换算成标准化后的LV。比较不同Child-Pugh分级患者之间LV的差异性,分析LV与其年龄、体质量、身高、体表面积(BSA)、肝脏Child-Pugh评分的相关性。结果:所有患者间隔5 d以上重复测量LV,组内相关系数分析结果表明,第1次测量和第2次测量的相关性系数差异有统计学意义(ICC=0.975,P<0.05),两次的敏感度比较差异无统计学意义;LV标准化前后,Child-Pugh不同分级中ChildPugh C级相似文献   

三维斑点追踪技术预测急性心肌梗死患者近期急性心衰风险的研究

目的:分析三维斑点追踪技术预测急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者近期发生急性心衰的诊断价值。方法:选取医院诊治的155例AMI患者,均予抗血小板聚集、改善心肌供血等对症治疗,并对患者出院后进行为期3个月的随访,除3例患者失联外,将剩余152例患者纳入随访结果研究。将152例患者中出现急性心力衰竭的43例患者纳入心衰组,未出现心力衰竭的109例患者纳入无心衰组。比较两组患者的年龄、性别等一般资料,并对患者N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)等临床常用指标及三维斑点相关指标进行比较。结果:心衰组患者的年龄、NT-proBNP、hs-CRP、c Tn I及左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)均明显高于无心衰组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.279,t=3.385,t=2.212,t=2.943,t=2.289;P<0.05),射血分数(EF)、左室整体径向应变(GRS)、整体圆周应变(GCS)、整体纵向应变(GLS)及整体面积应变(GAS)明显低于无心衰组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.606,t=2.804,t=2.945,t=7.226,t=2.687;P<0.05);而两组患者的性别、合并高血压等一般资料及肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、LVEDVI等指标间差异均无统计学意义;多因素logistic分析提示,NT-pro BNP、LVESVI是影响急性心衰的独立危险因素(OR=1.002,OR=1.118;P<0.05),EF、GLS则是其独立保护因素(OR=0.795,OR=0.452;P<0.05);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线提示GLS预测急性心衰的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.881,显著高于NT-pro BNP、LVESVI及EF(Z=2.751,Z=3.107,Z=2.895;P<0.05),其诊断的最佳截点<13.42%,此时其灵敏度为95.3%,特异度为67.9%。结论:三维斑点追踪技术可以对急性AMI患者近期发生急性心衰进行有效地预测,具有较高的灵敏性及诊断效能,可以应用于急性AMI患者心衰的早期预测。     

公立医院优势学科病种绩效管理研究:以骨科为例

目的从循证视角建立公立医院优势学科病种绩效管理工具。方法以波士顿矩阵理论为指导,以“病种均次毛利率、病种均次住院日”为主要指标,“日均毛利率”为辅助指标,采用Microsoft office EXCEL 365 软件进行分析。结果2019年骨科平均住院日为4.99 d,均次平均毛利率为23.62%,日均毛利率平均值为4.73%。骨科200例以上病种、不同亚专科病区病种、同一亚专科病区内不同病种、不同亚专科病区相同病种,绩效均存在差异。结论 管理者应对不同病种绩效指标进行适当校正,探索精细化病种诊疗与管理模式。     

Deficiency Citations on Inappropriate Psychotropics Use Related to Care for Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia

ObjectivesThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) initiated the National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes in 2012, which helped decrease antipsychotics use. However, inappropriate use of antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications to control behavioral symptoms associated with dementia persists. Nursing homes (NHs) can be flagged for inappropriate psychotropics use as a deficiency of care citation (F-758 tag). The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore inappropriate psychotropic medication use deficiency, F-758 citations, in caring for NH residents with dementia.DesignA mixed-methods study was performed.Setting and ParticipantsDuring the first quarter of 2018 (January–March), 3526 NHs were surveyed, of which 642 received F-758 tags. Of the 642, the sample was confined to the 444 NHs that received the citation for the care of residents with dementia. Information on deficiencies was obtained from 2018 Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data. Inspection reports for deficiencies were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Nursing Home Compare and ProPublica.MethodsQuantitative analysis was used to examine the frequency of involved psychotropic medications, scope/severity of F-758 deficiency citations, and reasons for the citations. Reasons for F-758 citations by psychotropic medication categories and scope/severity of the citations were also examined using χ² tests. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using content analysis with an inductive coding approach to summarize the inspection reports.ResultsAntipsychotics were the most involved drug category for F-758 tag citations. The 3 most common reasons for F-758 citations included failure to identify and/or monitor behavioral symptoms (178 NHs), attempt gradual drug reduction (131 NHs), and maintain 14-day limitations on Pro Re Nata (PRN) psychotropic orders (121 NHs). Compared with those with no involvement of antipsychotic drugs, facilities with antipsychotics-related F-758 tags had higher rates of failure to identify/monitor behavioral symptoms (P < .001), attempt gradual drug reduction (P < .001), and provide adequate indications for psychotropics use (P < .001). NHs with F-758 tags related to inappropriate antianxiety medication use had a higher prevalence of failure to maintain 14-day limitation on PRN orders (P < .001) and provide nonpharmacologic interventions (P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study suggests areas for improvement that could potentially reduce inappropriate psychotropics use. Supporting quality of dementia care workforce and improving cooperation within healthcare staff and professionals are recommended to ensure proper nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.     

我国常见细菌耐药趋势预测研究:基于灰色GM (1,1)模型

 目的 通过对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌（CRPA）、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）、耐第三代头孢菌素的大肠埃希菌（3GCR-E.coli）、耐第三代头孢菌素的肺炎克雷伯菌（3GCR-KP）等细菌耐药数据构建灰色预测模型,分析细菌耐药特征的变化趋势,探讨灰色预测模型在细菌耐药领域的应用价值。方法 采用2014-2018年全国细菌耐药监测报告中MRSA、CRPA和CRAB、3GCR-E.coli、3GCR-KP等耐药率数据构建灰色预测GM （1,1）模型。用后验差比C值和小误差概率P值评估模型精度,用相对误差和级比偏差评估模型拟合效果,并用2019-2020年数据对模型预测效果进行验证。最终根据模型对2021-2023年的耐药率进行预测。结果 本研究构建的GM （1,1）模型对MRSA、CRPA、CRAB、3GCR-E.coli和3GCR-KP等细菌耐药率预测效果较好,根据该模型预测到2023年其耐药率分别可降低至23.9%、15.2%、50.2%、43.8%、26.1%。结论 全国针对细菌耐药情况采取的控制措施取得明显成效,GM （1,1）模型对细菌耐药率预测效果较好,可在细菌耐药管理领域推广应用。     

A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway

BackgroundTo study the effect of WISP1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.MethodLentivirus was transiently transfected into log phase 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were then treated with LPS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h. The cells were divided into the following groups: group A (control, untreated cells); group B (LPS-treated cells); group C (GFP), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing GFP; group D (GFP+LPS), group C treated with LPS;group E (WISP1OE), cells transfected with lentivirus, group F (shNC+LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing nshRNA treated with LPS; group G (shWISP1 +LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing shRNA treated with LPS; group H (WISP1OE+LPS), group E treated with LPS; group I (WISP1OE+LPS+LY294002), group E treated with LPS followed by LY294002 for 24 h.ResultsWISP1 overexpression notably ameliorated cell apoptosis, accompanied with the increased expression of bcl-2, the decreased expressions of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WISP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite results. In addition, WISP1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced nuclear translocation of Fork head box protein O3 (FoxO3a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by LPS. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway diminished the protective effect of WISP1.ConclusionWISP1 prevents 3T3-L1 adipocytes from being injured by LPS by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

KMG03粉针剂对大鼠实验性急性心肌缺血的保护作用

采用结扎大鼠冠脉造成急性心肌缺血模型。观察KMG03粉针剂的抗心肌缺血作用。结果：KMG03粉针剂50mg/kg和100mg/kg对大鼠实验性急性心肌缺血均有一定程度的保护作用。在改善心电图S——T段的上移、降低血清CPK,LDH方法两个剂量组均有显著作用。在缩小心肌塞范围方面,以100mg/kg组为明显,KMG03粉针剂和丹参均能保护超氧化物岐化酶活性,显著降低丙二醛含量,还能显著增加缺血心肌前列环素合成。结果表明：KMG03粉针剂对心肌缺血的保护作用与抗脂质过氧化作用有关,其促进前列环素合成作用可能与其抗心肌缺血有关。