Capecitabine and vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline and taxane

We have evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of capecitabine and vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients previously treated with anthracycline-and taxane-containing regimens. Between April 2000 and September 2002, 44 female MBC patients received oral capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2 twice daily on days 114), and intravenous vinorelbine (25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) during each 3 week-chemotherapy cycle (median, 5 cycles/patient; total, 235 cycles). One patient achieved a complete response and 21 patients had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 50% in the intention-to-treat analysis (95% CI, 35.0-65.0%). Median duration of response was 6.0 months (range 1.2-23.0 months). Patients were followed- up for a median of 16 months, with median progression-free survival being 5.3 months, and median overall survival being 17 months. Toxicities included grades III and IV neutropenia in 63 (26.8%) and 4 (1.7%) cycles, respectively, and grades II and III hand-foot syndrome in 12 (5.1%) and 4 (1.7%) cycles, respectively. Other nonhematologic toxicities were minimal and manageable. In conclusion, the combination of capecitabine and vinorelbine was effective and well tolerated in MBC patients even after treatment with anthracyclines and taxanes.     

INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿3年无事件生存率的相关因素分析CSCD

目的探讨影响INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿3年无事件生存率(event-free survival,EFS)的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2014年4月至2020年4月经上海市儿童医院确诊和完善评估的68例INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿临床资料。收集患儿年龄、性别、神经元烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)、乳酸脱氢酶(1actate dehydrogenase,LDH)、24小时尿香草扁桃酸(vanillylmandelic acid,VMA)及肿瘤病理类型等信息。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox回归模型进行预后相关因素分析。随访时间1~60个月,平均随访时间21个月。结果68例INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿中,男46例,女22例;发病年龄7~120个月,中位年龄35个月。其中48例(70.6%)伴骨髓转移,47例(69.1%)骨转移,17例(25.0%)远处淋巴结转移,9例(13.2%)肝转移,5例(7.4%)脑转移,4例(5.9%)眼眶转移,20例(29.4%)存在胸膜、皮肤等其他部位转移。单因素分析结果显示,患儿3年EFS与LDH、NSE、MYCN基因、骨转移、颅内转移(包括脑转移和眼眶转移)有关(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析结果显示,颅内转移(RR=4.179,95%CI=1.112~15.703,P=0.034)及血清LDH>587 U/L(RR=3.729,95%CI=1.116~12.466,P=0.033)是INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿独立的预后相关因素。结论颅内转移、血清LDH>587 U/L与INSS 4期神经母细胞瘤患儿3年EFS相关。     

外伤性鼓膜穿孔症状及愈合时间与穿孔部位关系

外伤性鼓膜穿孔自愈能力强,但影响穿孔愈合时间的因素复杂,多数学者认为与穿孔大小、局部血供等有关。研究穿孔部位与愈合时间的文献报道较少,现对本科外伤性鼓膜穿孔患者研究分析如下。     

贴补治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔

外伤性鼓膜穿孔在基层医院较为常见,现将我科2003年9月～2009年9月收治的391例（395耳）外伤性鼓膜穿孔治疗情况报道如下。     

小儿先天性肝囊肿的诊疗分析

目的探讨小儿先天性肝囊肿的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我们自2003年至2012年4月收治的9例先天性肝囊肿患儿临床资料,总结其临床诊断及治疗经验。结果9例患儿中,6例予手术治疗,2例予穿刺引流术,1例予保守治疗。结论小儿先天性肝囊肿病因不明,临床表现无特异性,诊断主要依靠影像学检查,术前易误诊,需与肝血管瘤、肝脓肿、Caroli病等鉴别;治疗上可根据囊肿特点选择不同的治疗方案。     

婴儿乳糜腹的诊疗分析

目的探讨婴儿乳糜腹的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2004年至2011年我们收治的7例乳糜腹患儿的诊治过程,7例患儿均采用禁食水、联合静脉营养的保守治疗,间断辅以腹腔穿刺或腹腔引流进行治疗。结果7例患儿治疗后乳糜腹均好转,未见明显复发。结论婴儿乳糜腹水经控制饮食、静脉营养、腹腔穿刺等保守治疗多能痊愈,可不予手术治疗。     

Modification of [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging protocols in obese oncology patients: A nationwide survey

IntroductionThe use of medical imaging for diagnosis, staging and follow-up in Oncology context is incredibly important, being the use of [18F]-FDG PET/CT particularly advantageous in specific contexts like the case of obese patients. However, imaging the latter can be challenging sometimes, since their own body size may affect overall image quality and adds technical difficulties for the operator(s) performing the examination.MethodsThis research project was developed with the aim of analysing the current personal practices of Portuguese Nuclear Medicine Technologists (NMTs) in the adaptation of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT oncological protocols for obese patients and comparing the results with parameters referenced in literature. A non-experimental research study was conducted using a survey delivered online to NMTs through social media platforms (Facebook® and LinkedIn®) and by sending the link directly to contacts within the research team professional and personal networks.ResultsAnswers from a total of 26 participants were obtained, with 88.5% of participants admitting modifying technical protocols in examinations for obese patients. Changes in PET protocols included an increase in the administered activity (60.9%), an increase in scan time per individual bed position (69.6%) and the use of Time-of-Flight (TOF) technology whenever available. Protocol changes in CT included increasing the mA (82.6%), raising the KVp (47.8%), the application of iterative reconstruction (69.6%) and the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) (52.2%). The remaining parameters (pitch, algorithm, slice thickness, display FOV, gantry rotation time and energy acceptance window) were claimed not to be modified by around 90% of professionals.ConclusionPortuguese NMTs tend to change the [18F]-FDG PET/CT protocols for obese patients. However, while some of the parameters appear to be contradictory or redundant, others require further optimisation, especially in the CT component.Implications for practiceEfforts should be made to optimize acquisition protocols used in [18F]-FDG PET/CT scans for obese patients.     

Efficacy and tolerability of paclitaxel,ifosfamide, and cisplatin as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical carcinoma

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a neoadjuvant paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma.

Methods

Patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced cervical carcinoma, aged ≥18 years, were treated with intravenous ifosfamide 5,000 mg/m² and mesna 5,000 mg/m², on day 1; intravenous paclitaxel 175 mg/m² and cisplatin 75 mg/m², on day 2; every 3 weeks for three cycles. Following chemotherapy, operable patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, and, if necessary, adjuvant radiotherapy.

Results

One hundred fifty-two patients with median age 53 years (range, 24 to 79 years), FIGO stage IIB in 126 (89%), were treated with chemotherapy for median 3 cycles (range, 1 to 3). Treatment was delayed or withdrawn in 23 patients (15%). One hundred thirty-nine patients (91%) underwent surgery. Postchemotherapy pathological complete response rate was 18% (25 patients). Postoperative radiotherapy was administered in 100 patients (72%). The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 87.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.5 to 90.3) and 76.4% (95% CI, 73.5 to 79.5), respectively.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy was feasible and effective in the treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma patients with older age and more advanced disease stage than reported in previous studies. Hematological and renal toxicity could be carefully prevented.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的急性期处理策略

目的　探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）急性期临床特点、处理策略。方法　回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第一医院 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2010年10月～2014年10月期间诊断为急性期BPPV患者46例,予口服抗眩晕治疗,分析急性期处理策略、手法复位的相关风险及并发症。结果　46例急性期BPPV患者予口服抗眩晕治疗,1周后复诊时症状消失痊愈18例,症状改善有效27例,无效者1例;对仍有眩晕的28例予手法复位,眼震、症状均消失。另外报道1例急性期BPPV在手法复位过程中,出现腰椎骨折,予对应处理;1例在耳石复位后出现耳石嵌顿现象并短暂性脑缺血发作。结论  BPPV因发病病程长短、自愈性、急性期BPPV手法复位可能存在的风险,应充分评估患者全身情况;对骨质疏松、围绝经期患者,复位过程中应充分告知手法复位风险并采取相应预防性措施,避免副损伤。     

早期肠内营养在小儿急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用

目的探讨早期经鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养,在小儿急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）治疗中的作用。方法2008年6月至2012年7月作者收治AP患儿18例,采用早期经鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养（enteral nutrition,EN）治疗,观察临床疗效。结果18例患儿均采用早期EN治疗,4周后随诊,患儿血红蛋白、血清白蛋白及血尿淀粉酶均正常,其中3例胰腺假性囊肿患儿CT复查均吸收,形态正常,随访效果满意。结论早期经鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养可有效治疗小儿急性胰腺炎,缩短病程,是一种经济、安全、有效的营养支持方式,值得临床推广。