CGMS与CSII联合强化治疗危重症老年2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的：对动态血糖监测系统（continuous glucose monitoringsystem，CGMS）与胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素（continuous subcutaneous insulininfusion，CSII）联合治疗危重症老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）（联合组）的效果进行观察，并与多次皮下注射胰岛素（multiple daily insulin injection，MDII）组进行比较。方法：合并危重症的老年T2DM患者39例，随机为联合组（n=19）及MDII组（n=20），比较两组每日使用胰岛素量、平均血糖漂移幅度（mean amplitude of glycemic excursions，MAGE）、血糖达标天数、低血糖发生率、多脏器功能不全综合征（MODs）发生率及死亡率的差异。结果：联合组胰岛素用量、低血糖发生率、血糖达标天数、MODs发生率低于MDII组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：CGMS与CSII联合治疗相较于MDII，可以更平稳、迅速的控制危重症老年T2DM患者的血糖，降低其并发症发生率。     

Variability in alignment of central venous pressure transducer to physiologic reference point in the intensive care unit–A descriptive and correlational study

BackgroundThe phlebostatic axis is the most commonly used anatomical external reference point for central venous pressure measurements. Deviation in the central venous pressure transducer alignment from the phlebostatic axis causes inadequate pressure readings, which may affect treatment decisions for critically ill patients in intensive care units.AimThe primary aim of the study was to assess the variability in central venous pressure transducer levelling in the intensive care unit. We also assessed whether patient characteristics impacted on central venous pressure transducer alignment deviation.MethodsA sample of 61 critical care nurses was recruited and asked to place a transducer at the appropriate level for central venous pressure measurement. The measurements were performed in the intensive care unit on critically ill patients in supine and Fowler's positions. The variability among the participants using eyeball levelling and a laser levelling device was calculated in both sessions and adjusted for patient characteristics.ResultsA significant variation was found among critical care nurses in the horizontal levelling of the pressure transducer placement when measuring central venous pressure in the intensive care unit. Using a laser levelling device did not reduce the deviation from the phlebostatic axis. Patient characteristics had little impact on the deviation in the measurements.ConclusionThe anatomical external landmark for the phlebostatic axis varied between critical care nurses, as the variation in the central venous pressure transducer placement was not reduced with a laser levelling device. Standardisation of a zero-level for vascular pressures should be considered to reduce the variability in vascular pressure readings in the intensive care unit to improve patient treatment decisions. Further studies are needed to evaluate critical care nurses' knowledge and use of central venous pressure monitoring and whether assistive tools and/or routines can improve the accuracy in vascular pressure measurements in intensive care units.     

生理性起搏器治疗缓慢型心律失常的临床观察

目的探讨生理性起搏器在缓慢型心律失常中的临床疗效与安全性。方法共85例患者,起搏器包括双腔起搏器DDD[心房＋心室（起搏心腔）;心房＋心室（感知心腔）;双重（1抑制＋T触发）（感知后反应方式）]60例,双腔起搏器VDD[心室（起搏心腔）;心房＋心室（感知心腔）;双重（1抑制＋T触发）（感知后反应方式）]3例,双腔起搏器VVIR[心房＋心室（起搏心腔）;心房＋心室（感知心腔）十（1抑制）（感知后反应方式）;R频率调整（程控功能）]22例。结果85例患者均手术成功,术中测得心室起搏阈值为（0．42±0．13）V／0．5ms,阻抗（560±130）Ω,R波振幅（9．8±2．2）mV;右心房起搏阈值为（0．89±0．27）V／0．5ms,阻抗（670±180）Ω,P波振幅（2．8±1．2）mV,P波感知灵敏度（0．48±0．3）mV。A—V间期程控在140-160ms,频率适应参数程控为反应时间和恢复时间取中档值,增益取低档值,下限频率程控为60-70次／min,上限频率程控于110-130次／min,感知阈值取中档,频率适应档次取4～5。随访4-50个月,所有患者的生活质量明显提高,无起搏器并发症发生。结论生理性起搏可产生较好的血液动力学效应,改善心功能,提高运动耐量,对有适应证的起搏器患者应首先推荐使用各类生理性起搏器。     

The effect of gentle human touch on pain,comfort and physiological parameters in preterm infants during heel lancing

ObjectiveThis research was conducted to evaluate the effects of gentle human touch (GHT) on pain, comfort, and physiologic parameters in preterm infants during heel lancing.MethodThis prospective, assessor-blind, randomized controlled study was performed between August 10, 2021 and September 10, 2021 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of a tertiary hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Fifty preterm infants were randomly appointed to GHT and control groups. The researcher applied GHT to the infants in the GHT group by placing one hand on the infant's head and the other hand on the lower abdomen covering the waist and hips for 15 min. Data were collected with a Questionnaire, Physiological Parameters Observation Form, Newborn Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), The Comfort Scale (COMFORT), and Pulse Oximeter.ResultsThe NIPS and COMFORT mean scores of preterm infants in the GHT group were lower during (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively) and after heel lancing (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). There was no difference between the preterm infants' peak heart rate, respiratory rate, and SPO₂ values in the GHT and control groups during and after heel lancing (p > 0.05). The study found that preterm infants in the GHT group had less crying time during the heel lancing (p < 0.001).ConclusionIt could recommend using in painful procedures because GHT may positively affect preterm infants' pain, comfort, and physiologic parameters. The results of this study will contribute to NICU nurses should include non-pharmacological methods such as GHT to decrease pain of preterm infants in procedural pain.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05001191).     

生理性与非生理性起搏13年随访对比观察

目的比较生理性与非生理性心脏起搏（ＶＶＩ）的远期效果。方法通过对１９８５年至１９９８年１３年内临床应用的生理性起搏１６２例和非生理性起搏５３８例进行回顾性分析。结果生理性起搏组明显优于非生理性起搏组,其百分率分别为,心影缩小为１５．４％（２５／１６２）ｖｓ０．１８％（１／５３８）;心影扩大３．０％（５／１６２）ｖｓ２７．７％（１４９／５３８）;心功能改善７．４％（１２／１６２）ｖｓ０．４％（２／５３８）;心功能恶化１．２％（２／１６２）ｖｓ１６．３５％（８８／５３８）;房性心律失常减少１３．５％（２２／１６２）ｖｓ０．２％（１／５３８）;房性心律失常增加０．６％（１／１６２）ｖｓ７．６％（４１／５３８）;脑栓塞１．２％（２／１６２）ｖｓ３．３％（１８／５３８）;死亡率１．２％（２／１６２）ｖｓ７．６％（４１／５３８）;唯电极脱位则为７．４％（１２／１６２）ｖｓ２．２％（１２／５３８）（Ｐ＜０．０５）结论生理性起搏在消除症状、提高生活质量,改善心功能,防止室上性心律失常方面优于非生理性起搏。     

Neurostimulation in the modulation of intractable paraplegic and traumatic neuroma pains

Our experience in treating 10 patients with intractable pain with paraplegia employing percutaneous epidural or dorsal column stimulation is presented. Initial and long-term results in this group are contrasted with those of 9 patients with intractible post-amputation or post-traumatic neuroma pain. The successful results of neurostimulation treatment of peripheral nerve pain contrasts with the disappointing results in the treatment of paraplegic pain.