组织瓣在四肢创伤修复中的应用

目的　回顾总结带血管蒂皮瓣、复合组织瓣在四肢创伤性组织缺损修复中的应用经验。方法　 1991年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,采用 14种皮瓣及复合组织瓣对 6 7例四肢创伤性组织缺损分别采用吻合血管的游离移植及局部带蒂移位或交叉转移进行修复。结果　游离移植成活 4 0例 ,带蒂移位成活 2 6例 ;伤肢功能及外形满意 5 3例 ;骨瓣及骨皮瓣全部愈合 ;吻合神经的肌皮瓣均恢复 2～ 3级肌力。结论　应用带血管蒂皮瓣、复合组织瓣修复四肢创伤性组织缺损时 ,应注意根据缺损的部位、大小、层次或深浅等情况选择不同的组织瓣及移植方法进行修复 ,正确的手术操作和术后处理以提高修复效果。     

The effects of calcium channel blockers on random skin flap survival in the pig model

Summary This study was designed to evaluate the influence of two calcium channel blockers, verapamil and nifedipine, on skin flap survival. These agents were selected because they inhibit the passage of calcium through calcium selective channels in the plasma membrane, thereby blocking calcium mediated electromechanical coupling in contractile tissue and resulting in peripheral arterial vasodilation. Three groups of pigs were used in this study. All skin flaps in this study were 3 cm wide and 12 cm long. The first group (10 flaps) served as controls with no pharmacologic manipulations. Pigs in group II (15 flaps) received verapamil (80 mg orally, three times a day) for 7 days postoperatively. Pigs in group III (15 flaps) received nifedipine (10 mg orally, three times a day) for 7 days postoperatively. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that both verapamil and nifedipine resulted in significant enhancement of skin flap survival. The increased survival of the skin flaps produced by nifedipine as compared to verapamil was statistically significant.This study is supported in part by PHS Research Grant DE00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损

目的:总结如何应用眼轮匝肌皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损。方法:设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣修复鼻翼皮肤缺损13例,鼻翼邻近面部皮肤缺损2例。结果:15例中皮肤缺损的最大面积为2.5cm×2.0cm。除1例表皮部分坏死外,其余皮瓣成活良好,形态恢复满意。结论:以眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣可转移修复较大面积的鼻翼及邻近面部皮肤缺损,并能获得满意效果,尤其适合中老年面部皮肤缺损的患者     

Novel technique for correcting penile curvature with severe hypospadias; Ventral lengthening with tunica vaginalis flap patching

The adequate correction of penile curvature is essential for successful hypospadias surgery. We describe a novel technique to correct severe penile curvature with a tunica vaginalis flap on the penile ventrum. We applied a tunica vaginalis flap to lengthen the ventral aspect of the tunica albuginea in two boys with significant curvature and proximal hypospadias. Tunica vaginalis flap patching to the ventral aspect of the penis is safe and technically feasible. If penile curvature is severe or the penis is small in hypospadiac patients, lengthening the ventral aspect using a tunica vaginalis flap is likely to expand instead of dorsal plication or ventral graft.     

外固定架结合皮瓣技术治疗合并软组织缺损的胫骨和腓骨骨折

目的应用外固定架结合皮瓣技术治疗合并软组织缺损的胫、腓骨骨折。方法应用单臂或环型外固定架固定胫骨骨折，根据小腿皮肤软组织损伤情况选用背阔肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、腓肠肌皮瓣、足背岛状皮瓣等8种不同皮瓣修复。结果临床应用30例，其中合并软组织缺损的胫、腓骨骨折急诊治疗16例、骨或钢板外露12例、骨不愈合及软组织瘢痕2例。经2年以上随访全部骨折均愈合，无感染发生。2例皮瓣出现小面积组织坏死，经换药后治愈，其余皮瓣成活良好。结论应用外固定架结合皮瓣技术是治疗合并软组织缺损的胫、腓骨骨折的有效方法。     

小腿前外侧皮瓣及腓浅神经营养血管为蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨小腿前外侧皮瓣与腓浅神经营养血管岛状皮瓣的解剖关系及临床应用价值.方法 对手部软组织缺损采用吻合腓浅血管的小腿前外侧皮瓣移植修复7例;对足踝部软组织缺损采用带腓浅神经营养血管为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复7例;对小腿中上段骨外露创面采用以腓浅动脉为蒂顺行岛状皮瓣修复4例、中下段骨外露创面采用以上方腓浅动脉及下方腓浅神经营养血管共同为蒂构成联合皮瓣推移修复13例.结果 吻合腓浅血管的小腿前外侧皮瓣7例、以腓浅动脉为蒂顺行岛状皮瓣4例、以上方腓浅动脉及下方腓浅神经营养血管共同为蒂的联合皮瓣13例,上述皮瓣均完全成活;以腓浅神经营养血管为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣7例,6例皮瓣完全成活,1例皮瓣术后静脉回流障碍皮瓣远端部分坏死经扩创后植皮愈合.结论 小腿前外侧皮瓣游离皮瓣与腓浅神经营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣在解剖上存在代偿关系,利用二皮瓣的血管解剖联系可扩大二皮瓣的切取面积及应用范围.     

First dorsal metacarpal artery islanded flap: A useful flap for reconstruction of thumb pulp defects

Thumb pulp defects are commonly due to avulsion injuries. It is very important to reconstruct these defects using sensate flaps as the thumb pulp needs to be sensate for implementing the various functions of the thumb. A very good option for coverage of these defects is the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. Our study was done over a period of 2 years and involved 9 consecutive cases of thumb pulp defects treated at our institution. The patients included 8 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 16 to 51 years old. The flap size ranged from 2 × 1.5 cm to 5 × 3 cm. We had only one complication in the form of partial flap necrosis, which fortunately healed following debridement without the need for a secondary procedure. All our cases were done under local anesthesia with tourniquet control. All the patients had good fine touch and average two-point discrimination of 6 mm, which was satisfactory. Our good results further reinforce the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap as one the best flaps for sensate reconstruction of thumb pulp defects. It replaces the soft tissue loss at the thumb pulp with minimal donor site morbidity and with good return of thumb pulp sensation.     

Impact of Arteriogenesis in Plastic Surgery: Choke Vessel Growth Proceeds via Arteriogenic Mechanisms in the Rat Dorsal Island Skin Flap

Objective: We examined the molecular mediators of postoperative choke‐vessel growth. Our focus was the possible overlap between choke‐vessel growth and arteriogenesis. Methods: A rat perforator flap model, encompassing four vascular territories, was used. Flaps were surgically elevated, re‐inset, and allowed to survive for one, three, five, or seven days. Tissue samples for Western and histological analyses were collected from the choke zone along the dorsal midline. Tissue from territories linked by the choke zone was analyzed to distinguish between global and local effects. The proteins examined included CD11b, ICAM‐1, and MMP‐2, three markers associated with arteriogenesis, as well as Hsp70 and vascular endothelial growth factor, markers of physiological stress and hypoxia/ischemia. Results: Arteriogenesis markers, as shown by Western analysis, increased at three and five days after flap elevation, and the increase was localized by immunohistochemistry to the growing arteries and veins. The marker of physiological stress increased at Days 5 and 7. The hypoxia‐ischemia marker did not increase in the choke zone. Conclusions: The growth of choke arteries and veins proceeds in an inflammatory environment that resembles arteriogenesis. Ischemia did not appear to play a role in choke‐vessel changes.     

面部凹陷畸形的修复

目的 探讨面部凹陷畸形的修复方法及其效果.方法 对面部凹陷畸形患者11例,采用自体脂肪颗粒注射移植9例:其中1例注射4次,3例注射2次,其余5例均注射1次.同侧岛状颞筋膜瓣修复2例.结果 9例自体脂肪颗粒注射移植者,效果满意.2例同侧岛状颞筋膜瓣修复者,其中1例术后形成血肿,予以清除,效果亦均较满意.结论 自体脂肪颗粒注射移植及同侧岛状颞筋膜瓣移植对轻、中度面部凹陷畸形的修复不失为一良好方法,值得推广.