神经导航下与传统脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的疗效及并发症分析

目的 比较神经导航下行脑室穿刺腹腔引流术与传统脑室-腹腔分流术治疗积水在脑室端分流管放置位置的准确率,以及术后疗效和并发症发生情况.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月-2016年6月收治的脑积水患者40例.术前已征得家属同意,由家属自愿选择手术方式,18例在神经导航下行脑室穿刺腹腔引流术(A组),22例行传统脑室-腹腔分流术治疗(B组),比较两组患者有效率和并发症发生情况,以及在脑室端分流管放置的位置,即游离于侧脑室额角和平齐Moro孔的准确率.结果 所有患者均术后及时复查头颅CT查看脑室端分流管的位置情况,并在患者出院后医院门诊定期随访3～ 24个月.患者术后及时复查头颅CT发现,A组脑室端分流管位置达到设定位置有16例,没有达到设定位置有2例,准确率为88.89％;B组有8例达到设定位置,未达到的有14例,准确率为36.36％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A、B两组总有效率(显效±有效)分别为94.4％和86.4％ (P ＞0.05).术后并发症包括出血、感染、分流管堵塞、分流过度与分流不足等.随访期间,A组出现过度分流1例;B组出现切口感染1例、分流管堵塞4例、过度分流1例、分流不足2例.两组患者经引流管压力调整或者拔管后重新置管后均恢复良好.A组所有并发症发病率为5.56％,B组为36.36％;A组与B组分流不足差异无统计18.18％ (P ＞0.05).结论 学意义(P＞0.05);A组没有出现分流管脑室端堵塞,B组分流管脑室端堵塞出现4例,其发病率为神经导航引导下行侧脑室-腹腔分流术比传统的脑室腹腔分流术在脑室端分流管放置到设定位置的准确率方面有显著的优势,并在减少术后并发症上有一定的优势.     

神经导航系统的术中定位及相关因素研究

目的：评价应用导航系统进行手术的精确性,探讨避免或减少误差的措施。方法：38例患者术前记录标记物及解剖点2种注册方法的注册误差及导航系统的定位精确度,分析2种注册方法的准确性及可靠性。利用导航显微镜的记忆功能,分析导航系统定位精度的持续性、可靠性及导致术中定位误差的因素。结果：38例患者经CT或／和MR检查发现39个病灶,在导航显微镜下全切除,术后病人症状好转或无变化者34例（89．48％）,偏瘫2例（5．26％）,失语伴偏瘫1例（2．63％）,偏盲1例（2．63％）。结论：导航系统定位准确,在手术过程中定位的精度具有良好的持续性,可以帮助缩小骨窗、减少损伤和并发症。     

Add-on rTMS for treatment of depression: a pilot study using stereotaxic coil-navigation according to PET data

OBJECTIVE: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is regarded as a potentially new tool to treat depression. In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study we investigated the efficacy of neuronavigated rTMS, guided according to the prefrontal metabolic state determined by positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS: 25 patients with major depression were included. Prior to rTMS, PET scans were obtained. For the real stimulation condition, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with lower metabolic activity compared to the contralateral hemisphere was selected, if detected by prior PET. Stimulation parameters were 15 Hz, 110% motor threshold (MT), 3000 stimuli/day, for 10 days. A neuronavigational system was used to place the magnetic coil above each individuals' selected cortical region (real condition: DLPFC, sham: midline parieto-occipital, intensity 90% of MT). RTMS was administered add-on to medication. Depression-related symptoms were rated with Beck's, Hamilton's (HAM-D), and Montgomery-Asberg's (MADRS) depression rating scales. RESULTS: Real stimulation improved depression according to HAM-D and MADRS moderately but significantly better compared to sham at the end of the stimulation sessions. In the real condition, four out of 13 patients responded with a mean improvement in HAM-D and/or MADRS of at least 50%, whereas none responded to sham. Antidepressant effects of stimulation of the relatively hypometabolic DLPFC were comparable to stimulation in absence of metabolic differences. CONCLUSIONS: A moderate improvement of depressive symptoms after rTMS was observed. Our preliminary data show that stimulation of prefrontal hypometabolism may not be advantageous to stimulation irrespective of the metabolic state.     

Adaptation of skull clamp for use in image-guided surgery of children in the first 2 years of life

Introduction We describe a simple but effective modification of the skull clamp, aimed at stabilising the head of very young children, while avoiding the risk of creating a depressed skull fracture, in order to enable the utilisation of image-guidance in such young patients.Methods We machined three small perspex discs 3 cm in diameter. On the outer surface of these pads we drilled reception holes for the pins to prevent slippage. To avoid direct contact with the skin, we interfaced a thick pad of soft felt. During intraoperative positioning, the weight of the head was supported by a suction bean-bag placed on the operating table. Hence, the clamp apparatus was employed only to secure the head position, and not to support the weight of the head, thus requiring less clamp force. We employed this modification in three children (aged 9, 13 and 15 months) who required image-guided surgery for brain tumours.Outcome In all cases the head remained immobile throughout the operation, making possible the accurate use of image guidance. At the end of the operation, some transient skin redness was noticed in the contact areas, which settled in a few days.The material in this paper was presented as a poster at the 31st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monaco, 14–18 September 2003     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging for neurosurgical planning in neurooncology

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that is widely available and can be used to determine the spatial relationships between tumor tissue and eloquent brain areas. Within certain limits, this functional information can be applied in the field of neurosurgery as a pre-operative mapping tool to minimize damage to eloquent brain areas. In this article, we review the literature on the use of fMRI for neurosurgical planning. The issues addressed are: (1) stimulation paradigms, (2) the influence of tumors on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, (3) post-processing the fMRI time course, (4) integration of fMRI results into neuronavigation systems, (5) the accuracy of fMRI and (6) fMRI compared to intra-operative mapping (IOM).     

神经导航在颅内肿瘤手术中的应用（附106例报告）

目的报告使用StealthStation神经导航系统在颅脑手术中应用的经验.方法应用StealthStation神经导航系统指导106例颅内肿瘤手术进行回顾性分析.术中对导航准确性进行监测并对46例不同部位病灶进行术中脑移位检测.结果首次平均坐标误差和10厘米预期准确性分别为3.60±1.60mm和3.12±1.77mm,经去除或重新注册"不准确”的皮肤坐标后两者分别降为2.34±0.91mm和2.79±0.93mm.有5例因平均坐标误差＞4mm加用表面注册,其结果为1.09±0.24mm.106例病人共108个病灶,除了活检1例(0.9%)外,全切除92个(85.2%)、次全切除8个(7.4%)、大部切除7例(6.5%).术中准确性分别为1.22±0.90mm和1.29±1.30mm.术后症状改善或不变98例(92.5%)、加重6例(5.7%)、死亡2例(1.9%).结论StealthStation神经导航系统在颅脑手术中提供术中动态跟踪、实时导航,准确可靠,有助于病灶全切除及降低手术并发症的发生.     

基质金属蛋白酶在脑创伤中的研究进展

脑创伤是目前严重危害人类健康的主要疾病之一，具有较高的致残率和死亡率。而继发性脑损伤是影响脑创伤发展和预后的重要因素之一，适当的治疗可以减轻或避免某些继发性损伤的病理变化，提高患者的疗效，改善预后。近年来，随着对基质金属蛋白基质系（matrix metalloproteinases，MMPs）的不断深入研究，金属蛋白酶系在继发性脑损伤中的作用日益受到人们的重视。本文就基质金属蛋白酶系在脑创伤方面的研究概述如下。[第一段]     

导航下手术治疗脑血管疾病

目的：探讨无框架脑立体定位手术在治疗脑血管性疾病中的应用价值。方法：术前将MRI数据传入无框架脑立体定向导航系统（SealthStation)计算机工作站,进行三维建模,标记点定位,手术入路设计,开颅前行参考环及探针确认,标记点注册,设计手术切口,术中实时定位,1999年11月至2001年6月行无框架脑立体定向手术117例,其中动静脉畸形46例,动脉瘤42例,海绵状血管瘤29例,结果：颅内病灶或重要解剖定位结构准确,机显病灶定位误差均在2mm以内,术后神经功能损害4例,占3．4％,无手术死亡,结论：无框架脑立体定向手术能准确进行病灶定位,有效保护脑组织,减少神经损伤,切除病灶,改变了传统开颅手术模式,是微创神经外科的保证。     

多模态辅助下经纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间-第三脑室入路的解剖学研究

目的　研究在导航引导下经纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间-第三脑室的解剖入路,探讨神经导航在优化此入路的操作方法及其具体应用价值。 方法　选用5例成人尸头标本,模拟经纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间-第三脑室的入路,并在神经导航下通过神经内镜及显微镜对入路途径中的相关结构进行解剖学观察以及相应数据的测量, 并进行统计学分析。 结果　通过将5例标本的标本解剖测量数据与导航上测量数据进行统计学分析,发现其所得P值均大于0.05,这说明标本解剖测量数据与导航上测量数据并无统计学差异,也说明神经导航可以精确指导该入路。 结论　导航引导下可以实现对胼胝体的精准切开、对透明隔及穹窿等重要解剖结构的可靠识别和精细操作,优化先前的手术入路,以减轻脑组织损伤,提高手术的可靠性。     

神经导航在经蝶显微切除侵袭性鞍区肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 评价神经导航技术在经蝶显微切除侵袭性鞍区肿瘤手术中的应用价值。方法 在18例经蝶手术中，应用Stealstation神经导航系统指导手术，明确手术方向、肿瘤边界、肿瘤切除程度。术后均通过MRI验证肿瘤切除率。结果 18例肿瘤中，全切除或次全切除14例，大部分切除4例，均无严重术后并发症。结论 应用神经导航技术能扩大经蝶显微手术适应证，提高侵袭性鞍区肿瘤的切除率，减少手术并发症。