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1.
目的:分析鼻塞式同步间歇正压通气(NIPPV)联合布地奈德雾化治疗ARDS(新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征)疾病的临床应用效果。方法:纳入病例是2017年5月—2019年11月收治的104例ARDS新生儿,随机平均分为两组。参照组52例采纳CPAP(持续气道正压通气通气)治疗,实验组52例采纳NIPPV+布地奈德雾化治疗,对比两组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间、血气指标以及并发症发生情况。结果:实验组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间均明显短于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组治疗3 d后PaCO2明显低于参照组,实验组治疗3 d后PH以及PaO2明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组并发症发生率(3.85%,2/52)明显低于参照组(21.15%,11/52),差异有统计学意义P<0.05。结论:NIPPV+布地奈德雾化可有效缩短ARDS患者机械通气时间,改善血气指标,降低并发症发生率,值得借鉴。 相似文献
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Rodica Pop-Busui Jiang Lu Neuza Lopes Teresa L. Z. Jones and the BARI D Investigators 《Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS》2009,14(1):1-13
Abstract We evaluated the associations between glycemic therapies and prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) at baseline among participants in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial on medical and revascularization therapies for coronary artery disease (CAD) and on insulin-sensitizing vs. insulin-providing treatments for diabetes. A total of 2,368 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD was evaluated. DPN was defined as clinical examination score >2 using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). DPN odds ratios across different groups of glycemic therapy were evaluated by multiple logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates including age, sex, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and diabetes duration. Fifty-one percent of BARI 2D subjects with valid baseline characteristics and MNSI scores had DPN. After adjusting for all variables, use of insulin was significantly associated with DPN (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15–2.13). Patients on sulfonylurea (SU) or combination of SU/metformin (Met)/thiazolidinediones (TZD) had marginally higher rates of DPN than the Met/TZD group. This cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD showed association of insulin use with higher DPN prevalence, independent of disease duration, glycemic control, and other characteristics. The causality between a glycemic control strategy and DPN cannot be evaluated in this cross-sectional study, but continued assessment of DPN and randomized therapies in BARI 2D trial may provide further explanations on the development of DPN. 相似文献
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Judith D. Goldberg Arnold I. Weiss Kenneth J. Koury 《Journal of clinical periodontology》1986,13(5):411-414
In order to make effective use of the statistical theory of design of clinical trials for chronic diseases such as periodontal disease, certain issues must be considered. Any clinical trial requires that the disease definition be well-specified; that patient eligibility be explicit; that the observation times be explicit; that the duration and endpoint of therapy be specified; that the duration of subsequent followup observation be specified; and that the unit of observation (e.g., tooth, set of teeth, patient) be defined. In a chronic disease, the potential biases that can readily be introduced by self-selection of patients who enter the trial and/or who return for subsequent observation become more important, because subjects are required to remain on treatment and/or observation for prolonged periods. Further, the cyclical nature of some chronic diseases may require special attention to baseline definitions of active disease and disease outcome. These issues are illustrated with examples from clinical trials of hypertension, breast cancer screening, and Polycythemia Vera. Implications for periodontal disease are discussed. 相似文献
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Sumie Yamanaka Masanori Hashimoto Masuo Tobe Kazuo Kobayashi Jun Sekizawa Masao Nishimura 《Archives of toxicology》1990,64(4):262-268
We proposed a simple method for screening assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity using only three rats and mice of each sex at each dose level. Animals were first treated with chemicals at a dose of 2000 mg/kg and were carefully observed for compound-related morbidity and mortality. If none of the animals died, the following toxicity tests were suspended. If some of the animals died, toxicity tests at doses of 200 and 20 mg/kg were performed. The approximate LD50 values calculated by this method showed little difference between two separate laboratories and were in good agreement with LD50 values reported in the literature. Our toxicological data also showed that LD50 values were about 2–2.5 times the MNLD (maximum non lethal dose) in acute oral and dermal toxicity. This meant that a chemical could be regarded as having an LD50 of about 4000 mg/kg or higher when there was no mortality at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. A chemical with such low toxicity would not require further testing for lethal effects. Therefore, this simple method combining the fixed-dose procedure with the limit test is suitable for determination of approximate LD50 values of chemicals and for screening for necessity for classical full LD50 test using many animals.This work was supported by a grant from Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan (No. 467 and 511) 相似文献
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新生儿呕吐性疾病的消化道造影研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:研究新生儿呕吐性疾病的造影技术,探讨其影像特征。方法:对比剂引入方式采用吸吮法和插胃管抽液后再注入对比剂两种方法;选用对比剂有6 0 %~80 % (W/V)的硫酸钡混悬液30~4 0ml或30 %泛影葡胺30ml;采用不同体位多轴位观察摄片,并对5 4例造影表现进行分析。结果:5 4例新生儿消化道造影均满足诊断要求,其中先天性幽门狭窄11例(19 6 % ) ,胃食管反流34例(6 3 0 % ) ,环形胰腺9例(16 .7% )。经手术治疗2 0例均与术前X线诊断相一致。结论:传统的上消化道造影是诊断新生儿呕吐病因的有效方法,熟练掌握造影技术和特有的造影征像能够及时地明确诊断。 相似文献
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目的探讨预防新生儿窒息的措施,以降低新生儿窒息的发生率。方法收集我院124例新生儿窒息的临床资料,分析发病的相关高危因素。结果窒息的相关因素依次为:早产因素34例居首位,占27.4%;羊水过少占14.5%;胎位异常占10.5%;产程异常占9.7%;脐带因素(缠绕、脱垂及过短)占8.9%;巨大儿占8.9%;胎盘早剥及前置胎盘占6.5%;妊娠高血压综合征占5.6%;宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)占3.2%。结论加大孕产妇分级管理的力度,加强孕期保健和产前检查,适时纠正臀位,尽量减少早产,及早发现和正确处理胎儿宫内窘迫,是降低新生儿重度窒息的有效措施。 相似文献
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浙江省某乡村慢性肾脏病的流行病学研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
目的 研究我国南方某农村人群中慢性肾脏病(CKD)的患病率及相关因素。方法 对浙江省东阳市某乡村18岁以上的常住居民慢性肾脏病情况及相关因素进行调查和检测。结果 获得完整资料的居民占该村18岁以上自然人口的76.2%。将该村自然人口按年龄性别构成校正后,白蛋白尿发生率为10.4%;肾小球滤过率〈60ml·min^-1·(1.73m^2)^-1的发生率为3.0%;血尿发生率为1.4%。本研究中40岁以上调查对象与北京市某社区及NHANESⅢ中40岁以上调查对象相比,高血压及糖尿病的患病率较低,白蛋白尿和肾功能下降的发生率介于2者之间。多因素Logistic回归提示,年龄增加10岁、糖代谢异常及收缩压水平与白蛋白尿的发生独立相关;女性、年龄增加10岁、高尿酸血症与肾功能下降独立相关;年龄增加10岁及吸烟与血尿独立相关。结论 在该经济快速发展的南方乡村,CKD的疾病谱和相关因素已经与我国大城市和发达国家类似。此外,该人群可能另有导致CKD高发的特殊原因,需进一步研究。 相似文献