塔里木油田超深裸眼水平井完井模拟通井优化技术

常规偏心分层注水会导致区块欠注严重, 难以满足超深双台阶水平井分层注水;并且难以满足不动管柱实现注水井的分层注水及分层酸化。为此研制了针对双台阶水平井分层注水及酸化的一体化管柱及配套工具, 管柱主要由封隔器、注水酸化一体化配水器等组成;测调过程中测调仪器与管柱中的配水器采用同心对接, 投劳成功率高;并且通过与特制酸化芯子配合可实现不动管柱分层酸化。利用WELLCAT 软件模拟出注水、酸化、停注时各封隔器的受力、管柱收缩长度以及管柱整体强度, 为封隔器及伸缩管的选择提供理论依据。现场试验表明, 研制的注水酸化一体化管柱及配套工具设计合理, 测调成功率高, 能够满足双台阶水平井的分层注水及酸化要求。     

Heterogeneity of human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL 2 )

A technique is described for the detection of free fatty acids, triglycerides, wax esters and cholesterol esters on thin-layer Chromatographic plates. The fatty acids present in each fraction can be recovered from the plates after detection and quantitatively measured by gas-liquid chiomatography. This procedure has been sucessfully applied to the analysis of skin surface lipids.     

Nasal saline irrigation: prescribing habits and attitudes of physicians and pharmacists

ObjectivesTo explore the opinions, the usage and the patient education given on nasal saline irrigation by physicians and pharmaceutical personnel working in Finland.DesignAn internet-based survey with predetermined, multiple-choice answers.SettingPrimary care centres, occupational health centres and private care centres in Eastern Finland as well as pharmacies in Finland.Main outcome measuresHealthcare professionals views, practice and general knowledge of nasal irrigation for sinonasal symptoms and conditions.ResultsWe received 595 completed surveys (110 physicians, 485 pharmacists). The majority of the respondents recommended nasal saline irrigation for their patients either as a symptomatic treatment (98.0%) or to treat a specific condition (97.5%) such as acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Nasal saline irrigation was also often recommended as a prophylaxis for airway-infections (71.9%) and to enhance the health of the nasal mucosa (58.2%). In general, the possible adverse effects were recognised poorly by both professions. There was a clear difference between the two professions, as physicians were more conservative in recommending nasal saline irrigation and recognised possible adverse effects, such as epistaxis, pain, and dryness of the nose, better (75% vs. 59%, p = 0.002).ConclusionsNasal saline irrigation seems to be a popular treatment recommended by many health care professionals in Finland. Physicians and pharmaceutical personnel had variable opinions on the indications, utility and risks of nasal saline irrigation. There are also clear differences between physicians and pharmaceutical personnel’s practices. There is a need to better educate professionals about nasal saline irrigation and to further study whether nasal saline irrigation is efficient and safe option for the different common sinonasal conditions.

KEY POINTS

• Little information is available on how physicians and pharmacists recommend nasal saline irrigation as a symptomatic treatment.
• Physicians and pharmacists seem to have variable opinions about the indications, utility and safety of nasal saline irrigation.
• The patient education given is in general very heterogenous.
• Both professions require more education to ensure that the usage remains as safe as possible for the patient.

     

Nasal flaring as a clinical sign of respiratory acidosis in patients with dyspnea

Objective

To determine whether the presence of nasal flaring is a clinical sign of respiratory acidosis in patients attending emergency departments for acute dyspnea.

经鼻内窥镜视神经管减压术的解剖和临床研究

测量了160侧成人颅骨标本鼻前林到视神经管眶口内侧壁中点和蝶筛胆突角的距离及角度分别为60.16mm、44．1°和63．17mm、42．9°；视神经营眶口、颅口的横径和纵径分别为3．98，4．64，4．85，4．08mm；视神经管内侧壁的长度为9．64mm。观察了视神经管内侧壁与后组筛窦、蝶窦外侧壁之间毗邻关系和视种经管与颈内动脉、眼动脉与视神经走行之间的关系，为经鼻内窥镜视神经管减压术提供了较确切的解剖参考依据，有利于提高手术疗效和防止并发症。采用经鼻内窥镜鼻内筛蝶窦进路视神经营减压水10例，其中6例病人术后视力明显提高，分别从本前的无光感、眼前手动、50cm指数、眼前手动、无光感、无光感提高到本后的0．2、0．3、0．3 2、0．4、0.06、0．3，随访时间2月～1年。认为该手术过程简单，术中出血少，损伤小，手术时间明显缩短，具有更多的实用性，应作为目前治疗视神经外伤的首选手术方法。     

莫西沙星耐药的艰难梭菌多重聚合酶链反应检测和基因分型

目的：建立一种多重 PCR 方法用于莫西沙星耐药的艰难梭菌鉴定和初步基因分型。方法根据艰难梭菌 slpA 可变区间核苷酸序列的差异设计5种 slpA 基因型（gr、hr、fr、gc08和078）的特异性 PCR 引物,同时加入检测艰难梭菌管家基因磷酸甘油醛异构酶基因 tpi 的种特异性引物,构建多重PCR 方法;利用9种肠道常见的正常或致病菌验证多重 PCR 方法的特异性,利用46株分属于11个slpA 基因型的艰难梭菌参考菌株来验证方法的检测和分型能力;利用建立的多重 PCR 方法检测39株莫西沙星耐药的临床菌株,以 slpA 测序分型法为参照方法,评估该方法的临床实用性。结果多重PCR 检测9种肠道常见的正常或致病菌 tpi 和5种 slpA 基因型均为阴性;46株艰难梭菌参考菌株 tpi均为阳性,36株分属于5种靶 slpA 基因型（gr、hr、fr、gc08和078）的菌株被正确分型,10株分属于其他6种基因型的参考菌株均无法分型。39株莫西沙星耐药的艰难梭菌临床菌株 tpi 均为阳性,32株检出具体基因型,其中22株为 slpA 基因型 gc08,6株为 hr,2株为 fr,2株为078,与 slpA 测序分型结果一致;7株多重 PCR 无法分型,slpA 测序分型结果显示其基因型均不包含在多重 PCR 分型范围内。结论成功建立一种简单、快捷、临床实验室适用的艰难梭菌检测,且能够分辨出5种 slpA 基因型的多重PCR 方法;莫西沙星耐药的艰难梭菌主要为 slpA 基因型 gc08。     

Formation of Micro- and Nanostructures on the Nanotitanium Surface by Chemical Etching and Deposition of Titania Films by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

In this study, an integrated approach was used for the preparation of a nanotitanium-based bioactive material. The integrated approach included three methods: severe plastic deformation (SPD), chemical etching and atomic layer deposition (ALD). For the first time, it was experimentally shown that the nature of the etching medium (acidic or basic Piranha solutions) and the etching time have a significant qualitative impact on the nanotitanium surface structure both at the nano- and microscale. The etched samples were coated with crystalline biocompatible TiO₂ films with a thickness of 20 nm by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Comparative study of the adhesive and spreading properties of human osteoblasts MG-63 has demonstrated that presence of nano- and microscale structures and crystalline titanium oxide on the surface of nanotitanium improve bioactive properties of the material.