鼻内鼻窦手术损伤泪道的解剖学分析

为了减少或避免易内鼻窦手术损伤泥道，在20具成人尸头标本上，观测泪道与鼻腔外侧壁的毗邻关系。发现前筛气房与泪囊窝关系密切，气房侵及泪骨占87．5％；鼻泪管与钩突上端游离线之间距离为6.74±1．72mm，距离筛漏斗前界3．44±0．75mm，距上颌窦鼻内开口为5．50±3．73mm。鼻泪管开四位于下鼻道前端鼻甲附着处。研究表明，前筛房、钩突切除和上颌窦鼻内开窗手术范围，如果过于向前，容易损伤泪道。     

Raji肿瘤细胞的氨基酸代谢

研究Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤细胞氨基酸代谢的初步规律。方法收集培养过程听Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤细胞冻融，制备我蛋白细胞滤液，采用聚酰胺薄层层析法测定Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤细胞游离基酸含量。结果细胞培养至４８ｈ时，酪氨酸、等的浓度升至最高峰。羟脯氨酸，谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸浓度无改变。     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎疗效评估的探讨

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻窦炎的疗效评估方法。方法对１９９１～１９９５年手术并随访１年以上的７２５例完整临床资料，按照本文作者参加设计的广州ＦＥＳＳ－９５疗效评估指标进行分析。结果鼻窦病变性质，范围和严重程度的差别与手术疗效有显著相关性，７２５例中总治愈好转率Ⅰ型：一期为１００％，二期为９７．３％，三期为８８．６％；Ⅱ型：一期为１００％，二期为８９．９％，三期为８７．１％；Ⅲ型为８０．６％。结论建立统一的鼻窦炎诊疗评定标准对正确评价经鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术疗效具有重要意义。     

Goldfish bipolar cells and axon terminal patterns: A Golgi study

The morphology and axon terminal arrangement of Golgi stained goldfish bipolar cells were examined to understand better the organization of bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina. Fifteen morphological bipolar cell types were identified, representing two major cell classes: mixed input cells that receive input from rod and cone photoreceptors, and cone bipolar cells that receive input from cones only. Mixed input bipolar cells comprised six types, including two new types, characterized by large somas and terminals. The terminals of mixed input bipolar cells terminated strictly within sublamina a or b of the IPL. Cone bipolar cells comprised nine subtypes, including seven new types, characterized by small somas and from one to four small terminal bulbs along the length of the axon, each having a characteristic termination depth in the IPL. The cone bipolar cell system had a complex multilaminar organization of terminals in the IPL, but maintained a high degree of anatomical symmetry about sublamina a and b. Cone bipolar cells could be divided into three groups: cells terminating within sublamina a and having an anatomically symmetrical counterpart terminating in sublamina b; cells with anatomically similar terminals in both sublamina a and b; and cells having no anatomically symmetrical counterpart or having anatomically dissimilar terminals in sublamina a and b. Based on bipolar cell terminal arrangement, we suggest that each bipolar cell type probably has a unique set of synaptic targets in the IPL, and that several bipolar cell types may be involved in functionally equivalent circuits at more than one level in the IPL. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤（附23例临床分析）

对２３例嗅神经母细胞的治疗经验作回顾性分析．男１２例，女１１例．中位年龄２７岁．平均病程１６．８月。主要症状为鼻塞、涕血和嗅觉减退．生存率采用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ方法进行分析，总的３年、５年生存率分别为６０％、４８．８％．男性患者及３０岁以下者预后较好。根据Ｋａｄｉｓｈ分类法，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ期的５年生存率分别为８５．７％、３４％、和２８．６％．根治性手术组、放疗组和手术加术后放疗组的５年生存率分别为３３．３％、４２．８％和６０％。由于本清对放疗有中度敏感性，我们认为本病的治疗应是根治性手术加术后放疗为佳．化疗对部分病人有一定的疗效．本文还结合文献讨论了本病的起源和诊断等问题．     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗1500例临床分析

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎，鼻息肉的疗效，影响手术疗效的因素及并发症处理，方法：对1997－1999年完成随访的1500例鼻内窥镜手术患者进行临床分析。结果：Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型治愈率分别为96．6％，82．3％用70．1％，各型治愈率间有显著差异（P＜0．01），结论：鼻内窥镜手术是治疗鼻腔，鼻窦炎性疾病的有效方法，手术疗效与临床分型有关。     

内镜鼻窦炎鼻息肉手术92例临床分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的疗效及影响因素.方法 回顾分析92例110侧慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者使用鼻内镜手术的临床资料.结果 该组病例治愈率68%,总有效率93%,无效7%.I型和II型间无显著差异,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型间存在显著差异（P=0.0013）.结论 鼻内窥镜是治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉有效手段,可以大大减少患者的痛苦,提高手术治愈率.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉Ⅲ型内窥镜手术33例报告

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉Ⅲ型患者的内窥镜手术治疗疗效。方法回顾分析 1999年 2月 - 2 0 0 0年 2月间 33例Ⅲ型患者采用内窥镜手术治疗 ,并随访其效果。结果随访 6个月以上评定疗效 ,治愈 13例 ,好转 11例 ,9例无效 ,总有效率72 %。结论鼻内窥镜手术是治疗Ⅲ型鼻炎的有效方法     

Formaldehyde and cancer: a critical review

Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring chemical found in every human cell. It has been in widespread use for over a century as a disinfectant and preservative agent, and more recently in a number of industrial products. Animal studies indicate that formaldehyde is a rat carcinogen at high levels (>_ 10 ppm) of exposure. Results for lower levels of exposure show less clear-cut carcinogenic effects, and some species, such as mice and hamsters, appear much less sensitive to any carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde. Epidemiologic studies of the effects of formaldehyde exposure among humans provide inconsistent results. In general, these nonexperimental studies suffer from a number of biases and flaws. The epidemiologic studies fall into three categories: formaldehyde industry workers, case-control studies, and studies of professionals who use formaldehyde. Studies of industry workers with known exposure to formaldehyde report little evidence of an excess cancer risk. Nasopharyngeal cancer, the one cancer considered most strongly linked to formaldehyde among humans, appears after close examination to be likely a result of multiple subgroup analyses and misclassification. The case-control studies usually lack any direct measure of formaldehyde exposure and rely instead on hypothetical exposure based on occupational exposure matrices. Most of these studies, after adjustment for confounding factors, fail to find a significant association with putative formaldehyde exposure. The studies that do report a significant association suffer from methodologic problems limiting their interpretation. The investigations of professionals who use formaldehyde in their work, such as embalmers, pathologists, and anatomists, have the advantage over case-control studies of a much higher likelihood of actual formaldehyde exposure. The findings among these individuals, however, are at odds with those of the other two groups, with excesses of deaths from cancer of the brain and leukemia. The inconsistency between professionals and formaldehyde industry workers in cancer risk patterns suggest that formaldehyde is not the etiologic agent. When the epidemiologic data on formaldehyde and human cancer are examined in light of the widely accepted causal criteria of strength of the association, consistency and specificity of results, dose-response effects, and biologic coherence and plausibility, the studies published so far fail to provide credible causal evidence.     

薄层连续MRI扫描描记臂丛神经

目的 通过薄层连续MRI扫描显示臂丛神经形态。方法 采用1．5-T MRI(GE，Signa)对6例健康志愿者行双侧臂丛神经斜矢状位和冠状位扫描，确认其与周围组织解剖定位关系，并观察其走行和分支情况。结果 所有志愿者的臂丛神经均得到了较好的显示，斜矢状位T2加权压脂可明显显示臂丛神经及部分神经束，特别是神经根出口处可以得到很好的显示。结论 薄层连续MRI扫描可以显示臂丛神经的形态，可以提高其对臂丛损伤的诊断。