Behavioral deficits and cellular damage following developmental ethanol exposure in rats are attenuated by CP-101,606, an NMDAR antagonist with unique NR2B specificity

NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in some of the impairments following fetal ethanol exposure. Previous studies suggest that both neuronal cell death and some of the behavioral deficits can be reduced by NMDAR antagonism during withdrawal, including antagonism of a subpopulation of receptors containing NR2B subunits. To further investigate NR2B involvement, we selected a compound, CP-101,606 (CP) which binds selectively to NR2B/2B stoichiometries, for both in vitro and in vivo analyses. For the in vitro study, hippocampal explants were exposed to ethanol for 10 days and then 24 h following removal of ethanol, cellular damage was quantified via propidium iodide fluorescence. In vitro ethanol withdrawal-associated neurotoxicity was prevented by CP (10 and 25 nM). In vivo ethanol exposure was administered on PNDs 1-7 with CP administered 21 h following cessation. Activity (PNDs 20-21), motor skills (PNDs 31-33), and maze navigation (PNDs 43-44) were all susceptible to ethanol insult; treatment with CP (15 mg/kg) rescued these deficits. Our findings show that CP-101,606, a drug that blocks the NR2B/2B receptor, can reduce some of the damaging effects of “3rd trimester” alcohol exposure in our rodent model. Further work is clearly warranted on the neuroprotective potential of this drug in the developing brain.     

The Control of Smoking: Smoking Rate in Designated Smoking and No-Smoking Areas

Unobtrusive measurements were taken over a 5-day period at three hospital areas designated as smoking permitted and three designated as no-smoking. A surprisingly high degree of compliance was observed in the no-smoking areas. Of particular significance is the absence of any reported patient complaints or criticisms in regard to the controlled-smoking policy. The practical advantages of a comprehensive, hospital-wide sign program designating smoking and no-smoking areas are discussed.     

Acute kidney injury after contrast-enhanced examination among elderly

OBJECTIVES:

to assess renal function in elderly patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography and identify the preventive measures of acute kidney injury in the period before and after the examination.

METHOD:

longitudinal cohort study conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo Hospital, from March 2011 to March 2013. All hospitalized elderly, of both sexes, aged 60 years and above, who performed the examination, were included (n=93). We collected sociodemographic data, data related to the examination and to the care provided, and creatinine values prior and post exam.

RESULTS:

an alteration in renal function was observed in 51 patients (54%) with a statistically significant increase of creatinine values (p<0.04), and two patients (4.0%) required hemodialysis.

CONCLUSION:

There is an urgent need for protocols prior to and post contrast-enhanced examination in the elderly, and other studies to verify the prognosis of this population.     

Relation between active mediation,exposure to Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood,and US preschoolers’ social and emotional development

This study explored the relationship between active mediation, exposure to Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood, and key indicators of preschoolers’ social and emotional development. One hundred and twenty-seven children aged 2–6 either watched or did not watch 10 episodes of Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood over a two-week period. Results revealed that preschoolers who watched the program exhibited higher levels of empathy, self-efficacy, and emotion recognition when their regular TV-watching experiences are frequently accompanied by active mediation. This was especially true for younger preschoolers and preschoolers from low-income families. Implications for policy-makers, parents, producers of prosocial programming, and educators are discussed.     

疾病预防控制机构公众媒介健康信息传播现状分析

目的：分析武汉市疾病预防控制中心通过不同媒介开展健康传播的信息状况,为今后更好开展健康传播提供依据。方法收集2012及2013年2年不同媒介开展健康传播的信息,采用内容分析法对传播信息时间分布、传播媒介分布和议题分布等进行分析。结果2年间发布媒介健康传播信息1012条,其中2012年397条,2013年615条。信息发布在时间分布上不均衡,内容与健康事件有关;在媒介分布上,传统媒介24．80％,其中纸媒占传统媒介的72．11％,新媒介75．20％,其中微博占新媒介的88．31％;议题以健康影响因素与防病知识为主,占78．26％。结论传统媒介仍是健康传播的重要载体,而新媒介已成为健康传播的新兴载体;健康传播的重点是健康知识普及、促进公众行为转变。在应对突发公共卫生事件时,应抓住机遇大力开展健康传播。     

部分媒体从业人员营养相关知识知晓情况及需求调查

目的了解部分媒体从业人员营养相关知识的知晓情况及需求,为开展营养健康传播提供科学依据。方法对全国范围内参与2013年“营养中国行”项目营养论坛的媒体从业人员开展问卷调查。结果共调查媒体从业人员105人,男性54人（51．4％）,女性51人（48．6％）。营养知识基本素养较低,“营养基础知识”全部回答正确率占37．1％,“《中国居民膳食指南》”全部回答正确率占8．6％。缺乏信息来源,或对信息来源不加甄别（68．6％）、报道以偏概全（50．5％）和过度强调单一食物的营养作用（40．0％）被认为是营养健康传播中最突出的3个问题;营养健康传播选题的主要依据是受众的需求（79．0％）;35．2％和47．6％的人会经常查证和逐条查证所传播信息的信源;47．6％的人比较了解受众的需求。83．8％和70．5％的人需要营养领域专家以及营养和健康教育专业机构的支持;63．8％的人希望专家用通俗易懂的语言传播营养健康知识;61．9％的人希望专业机构定期开展媒体和专家的沟通活动,并建立可查询的营养领域权威专家资源库。结论媒体从业人员营养知识还有不足,因此还需要健康教育和营养领域专业机构、媒体、营养专家和公众的通力合作。。     

单篇论文融合二维码现状分析及其规范化应用建议——以中国高校科技期刊为例

【目的】调查分析科技期刊单篇论文融合二维码的现状,为促进和规范二维码在科技论文中的应用提供依据。【方法】以中国高校科技期刊研究会网站中的会员期刊为样本,调查在单篇论文中融合二维码的期刊数量,以及二维码在各刊论文中的位置、尺寸、样式、导引语以及链接内容。【结果】在213种高校科技期刊中,有24.9%的期刊在单篇论文中融合了二维码,且其位置分布较广,尺寸差异较大;在53种融合二维码的期刊中,未设置导引语的期刊数量占60.4%。二维码链接内容的有效性和价值度也未受到足够重视,如在22种链接OSID的期刊中,仅2种期刊当期的所有二维码中都有作者音频,其余期刊为部分二维码有音频,460个二维码中仅5个有视频。【结论】科技期刊单篇论文二维码的应用不论是在形式还是在内容上都存在很大的变动空间,需通过期刊出版部门、作者以及期刊管理部门共同推进其规范化应用。     

The Perception Gap: Recognizing and managing the risks that arise when we get risk wrong

Many in the academic, science, and business communities are frustrated at how people perceive and respond to risk, lamenting that the lay public is sometimes more afraid of some threats than the evidence warrants, and less afraid of some dangers than the evidence warns. This is often ascribed to the alarmist way the news media cover risk-related subjects. That criticism is simplistic and unproductive, and ignores or dismisses the large body of research that finds that the perception of risk is not, and can never be, perfectly rational. Risk perception among members of the public, the media, and members of the academic, scientific, and business communities, is ultimately subjective. The gap between our fears and the evidence is not simply the product of alarmist media reporting. This ‘Perception Gap’ poses significant risks in and of itself, influencing the choices we make as individuals and as a society. The roots of the Perception Gap must be understood if we are to recognize the dangers that can arise when we sometimes get risk wrong, and in order that we may more wisely manage those risks as actively as we manage toxicological or food or other risks with which we are more familiar.