Microbiological hazards associated with agricultural utilization of urban polluted river water

Vegetable and fruits crops grown under irrigation with polluted urban river water were investigated for their bacteriological qualities and health risks. The bacterial isolates were predominated with members of the Enterobacteriaceae including pathogens. Other genera included Bacillus , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus and Pseudomonas . The faecal coliforms counts recorded from the samples including the river water exceeded the standards of 1000/100 ml. Washing and disinfection significantly reduced their microbial loads. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed the isolates to be multiply resistant, exhibiting resistance patterns in combinations of three to four antibiotics. The public health risks and suggestions towards ameliorating the same in agricultural use of polluted water was highlighted.     

关节镜治疗婴幼儿化脓性膝关节炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜治疗婴幼儿化脓性膝关节炎的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2020年3月我院小儿骨科收治的16例婴幼儿化脓性膝关节炎的临床资料,患儿入院即给予足量敏感抗生素治疗,择期采用直径2.7 mm关节镜系统行膝关节清创术,其中10例术后留置冲洗引流、6例未行引流。记录患儿体温、儿童疼痛行为量表（FLACC）评分、应用躁动评分（SAS）、MRI髌上囊积液最大宽度及白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞计数（NEUT）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及降钙素原（PCT）等感染指标。结果 所有患儿均获得随访,随访时间为（38.44±11.44）个月（23~63）个月。术后体温［（36.86±0.22） ℃］、FLACC评分［（2.19±0.91）分］、SAS评分［（1.25±0.45）分］、MRI髌上囊积液最大宽度［（4.88±1.67） mm］、WBC［（7.45±2.01）10⁹/L］、NEUT［（3.86±1.18）10⁹/L］、ESR［（14.81±4.00） mm/h］、CRP［（14.75±5.90） mg/L］及PCT［（0.04±0.02） ng/mL］均低于术前（P＜0.05）。但引流组与未引流组体温、FLACC评分、SAS评分、MRI髌上囊积液最大宽度及WBC、NEUT、ESR、CRP及PCT的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。末次随访时患儿两侧膝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,未见膝关节内外翻畸形或下肢短缩等并发症。结论 采用直径2.7 mm的关节镜系统治疗婴幼儿化脓性膝关节炎,可以有效显露和清理脓性组织,增加感染治愈率,避免切开引流造成的继发损伤。     

Effect and safety of peritoneal lavage for appendectomy: A meta-analysis

BackgroundWhether peritoneal lavage is beneficial for the postoperative outcomes of appendectomy is debatable. This study is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that aimed to determine whether peritoneal lavage leads to improved appendectomy outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published before September 2020. The meta-analysis calculated the pooled effect size by using a random effects model. The primary outcome was the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of surgical-site infection, hospital stay duration, operation time, and readmission incidence.ResultsEight RCTs involving 1487 patients were reviewed. The lavage group had a nonsignificantly lower incidence of intra-abdominal abscess (risk ratio [RR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–1.18) and surgical-site infection (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.31–1.72) than did the nonirrigation group. Furthermore, the lavage group showed a nonsignificantly shorter hospital stay duration and lower readmission incidence than did the nonirrigation group. However, the lavage group required significantly more operation time than did the nonirrigation group (mean difference: 7.59 min; 95% CI: 4.67–10.50).ConclusionOur study revealed that performing peritoneal lavage has no advantage over suction or drainage only in appendectomy. Moreover, peritoneal lavage significantly increased operation time. Consequently, for improving efficiency and reducing operation time, we suggest skipping peritoneal irrigation during appendectomy. However, the available evidence is of variable quality; therefore, high-quality prospective RCTs are required in the future.     

负压封闭引流联合医用三氧水冲洗治疗糖尿病足的临床效果

目的 观察负压封闭引流技术(VSD)联合医用三氧水冲洗治疗糖尿病足创面的临床效果.方法 将糖尿病足患者83例随机分为对照组45例与观察组38例,对照组给予VSD+生理盐水冲洗,观察组给予VSD+医用三氧水冲洗,比较两组患者治疗前后创面情况及患肢的踝肱指数(ABI),引流管堵塞率、治疗后肉芽组织覆盖率及创面局部组织液氧分压,Ⅱ期创面修复术后的成活率.结果 治疗1个周期后,两组患者创面均出现新生肉芽组织,但观察组较对照组坏死组织及脓胎少,肉芽组织红润、生长好.两组引流管堵塞率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组的肉芽覆盖率、创面局部组织液氧分压及Ⅱ期创面修复的成活率均优于对照组(P<0.05).治疗前,两组ABI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗1个周期,两组ABI较治疗前均增加,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 VSD联合医用三氧水冲洗可清除糖尿病足创面坏死组织,促进创面肉芽组织的生长,有效减少VSD引流管堵塞率,改善组织微循环,纠正创面供血和供氧不足的状态,提高Ⅱ期创面修复的成活率.     

出血坏死性胰腺炎12例诊治体会

本文通过对12例出血坏死性胰腺炎(HNP)的临床诊治,指出在诊断上应注重根据症状、体征及病情变化进行推理,结合腹穿和腹水淀粉酶值测定等做出诊断和病情判断。主张对HNP采取以早期手术为主的综合治疗原则;原则上手术宜简不宜繁,建立彻底、通畅引流,必要时切除受损大网膜,不主张进行常规“三造瘘”;在手术治疗同时辅以综合性的治疗措施。     

硬膜外麻醉在硬膜外腔灌洗下PELD手术中的应用

目的:总结硬膜外麻醉用于PELD手术的临床可靠性和安全性。方法:回顾4年来284例PELD手术选择不同硬膜外麻醉方法下的麻醉效果和术中并发症。结果:回顾的样本中,所有硬膜外麻醉均可满足手术基本无痛要求,硬膜外麻醉穿刺点选择T12~L1或T11~T12能较好地保留手术目标区域的神经根和硬膜囊对器械刺激产生胀痛感,并保证手术其他操作无疼痛感。结论:硬膜外麻醉可以作为PELD手术较好的麻醉选择,但要控制足侧感觉平面不低于L3~L4,并选择低浓度罗哌卡因多次小剂量给药方式诱导,术中不可追加麻醉药,无需静脉辅助镇静与镇痛。     

负压封闭引流联合含氧生长因子冲洗在 下肢慢性溃疡中的应用

目的 探讨负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）联合含氧生长因子冲洗在下肢慢性溃疡治疗中的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月至2022年3月金华市第五医院收治的57例下肢慢性溃疡患者的临床资料,依据冲洗液不同将其分为观察组（n=30）和对照组（n=27）。两组患者均给予创面清创及全身治疗,并使用VSD。观察组患者采用含氧生长因子溶液冲洗,对照组患者采用生理盐水冲洗。比较两组患者的VSD治疗时间、溃疡面治疗有效率、皮肤移植存活优良率。结果 观察组患者的VSD治疗时间显著短于对照组[（9.47±2.45）d vs（13.50±4.63）d,P<0.05];观察组患者的溃疡面治疗有效率显著高于对照组（86.7% vs 59.3%,P<0.05）;观察组患者的皮肤移植存活优良率显著高于对照组（80.0% vs 51.9%,P<0.05）。结论 VSD联合含氧生长因子溶液冲洗治疗下肢慢性溃疡临床效果满意,可缩短治疗时间,提高溃疡面治疗有效率和皮肤移植存活率。     

Malaria transmission in relation to rice cultivation in the irrigated Sahel of Mali

Seven cross-sectional entomological surveys were carried out from September 1995 to February 1998 in three irrigated rice growing villages and three villages without irrigated agriculture in the area surrounding Niono, located 350km north-east of Bamako, Mali. The transmission pattern differed markedly between the two zones. In the irrigated zone, the transmission of malaria was fairly constant over the seasons at a low level. In the non-irrigated zone, transmission was mostly below detection level during the dry season, whereas it was high toward the end of the rainy season. In the irrigated zone, high densities of mosquitoes were correlated with low anthropophily, low sporozoite indices and probably low survival rates. In the non-irrigated zone, mosquito densities were lower and these relationships were less pronounced. Differential use of mosquito nets in the two zones may have been an important factor in the observed differences in transmission. The presence of cattle may also have played an important role. Two mosquito-catching methods (human landing catch and spray catch) were compared.     

Experimental periodontal disease treatment by subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride in rats

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCL) as adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planning (SRP) on induced periodontitis in rats.

Material and methods

In 60 rats, periodontal disease was ligature-induced at the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and all animals were submitted to SRP, and divided into 2 groups according to the following treatment: C (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of saline; T (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of TTC-HCL (50 mg/mL). Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days posttreatment. The histometric values were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).

Results

In the histometric analysis, at 7, 15 and 30 days, Group T (0.72±0.05 mm², 0.57±0.14 mm², 0.62±0.07 mm²), showed less bone loss (p<0.05) than Group C (1.35±0.25 mm²; 1.40±0.31 mm²; 1.29±0.27 mm²), respectively.

Conclusions

Subgingival irrigation with TTC-HCL was an effective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease induced in rats.