绝经后人乳头瘤病毒感染的宫颈鳞状上皮内病变与阴道微生态的关系

目的 探讨绝经后人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)感染的宫颈鳞状上皮内病变(cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, SIL)与阴道微生态变化的相关性,进而为调节阴道微生态平衡,阻断绝经后HPV感染的SIL发生发展提供依据。方法 收集2018年4月至2019年4月在保定市第一中心医院妇科门诊就诊的绝经后女性相关情况,HPV阳性伴或不伴薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test, TCT)异常,进一步行阴道镜下宫颈活组织检查,诊断为SIL的122例患者作为病变组,无SIL的129例患者作为正常组。比较2组阴道微生态的检查结果。结果 病变组和正常组细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis, BV)检出率分别为32.79%和12.40%(P<0.001);外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis, VVC)分别为14.75%和10.85%(P>0.050);阴道清洁度III~IV度分别为68.03%和46.51%(P<0.050);乳酸杆菌少分别为13.93%和20.16%(P>0.050); WBC计数>10个/高倍镜下(highest possible frequency, HPF)分别为62.30%和40.31%(P<0.001);过氧化氢(H₂O₂)缺乏分别为15.57%和22.48%(P>0.050);白细胞酯酶阳性分别为36.07%和17.83%(P<0.050);唾液酸苷酶阳性分别为19.67%和6.20%(P<0.050)。结论 BV、阴道清洁度差、WBC多、白细胞酯酶及唾液酸苷酶阳性可能与绝经后HPV感染的SIL的发生发展密切相关。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型DNA整合对宫颈癌变的影响*

研究人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16型DNA在宫颈鳞状细胞癌（SCC）及其癌前病变中的整合状况,探讨其在宫颈癌变中的作用。方法 采用多重聚合酶链反应技术检测428例HPV-16阳性并经组织学证实具有不同程度宫颈病变及正常宫颈上皮女性的宫颈脱落细胞中HPV-16 DNA的整合状况;采用E2/E6的比值作为整合的替代标志物。研究对象分为病例组（354例）包括经组织病理学证实的103例SCC及251例宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）,对照组（74例）包括34例宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）及40例正常宫颈上皮细胞女性。不同程度宫颈病变中HPV-16 DNA整合率的变化采用χ2趋势分析;病毒整合与现患HSIL及SCC风险的优势比（OlR）采用非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 HPV-16 DNA整合率随宫颈病变的加重逐渐升高,从对照组中的6.8%（5/74）,升高至HSIL组的29.9%（75/251）及SCC组的68.0%（70/103）,3组整合率比较差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。经多因素分析调整吸烟状况及合并感染其他高危型HPV后,HPV-16基因组整合与现患HSIL及SCC风险的优势比为OlR=2.30（95% CI：1.62,3.18）。结论 HPV-16 DNA整合发生在病毒感染自然史的早期,病毒整合在宫颈癌变过程中起促进作用。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测在子宫颈病变筛查和处理中的意义及作用

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是子宫颈癌发生的必要因素,HPV检测可最大程度优化子宫颈筛查和子宫颈异常细胞学的临床处理。对于30岁以上妇女,如HPV检测为阴性且子宫颈细胞学检查正常,可安全地将子宫颈筛查间隔延长至3年。但是,由于HPV病毒感染在年轻妇女中常见且多为一过性感染,因此不建议将HPV检测作为年龄小于30岁妇女的子宫颈筛查内容。对于任何年龄妇女,建议将HPV检测作为未明确诊断的不典型鳞状上皮细胞患者的分流检测方法,同时对于不能除外高度鳞状上皮内病变的不典型鳞状上皮细胞、鳞状上皮内低度病变或不典型腺细胞而未发现中或重度不典型增生的患者,HPV也是随诊方法之一。对于治疗后患者,HPV检测也和阴道镜及子宫颈细胞学一样,可作为随诊方法。HPV检测的正确使用可促进异常子宫颈细胞学的处理。     

HPV在小儿喉乳头状瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨HPV与小儿喉乳状瘤发病及发展的相关性。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测46例小儿喉乳头状瘤96次手术的肿瘤组织及其HPV表达,另取8例正常小儿及成人的喉黏膜,10例成人喉乳头状瘤作对照,结果：小和和成人的正常喉黏膜无HPV表达,成人喉乳头状瘤2例有HPV表达,46例96人次小儿喉乳头状瘤,其中33例61人次肿瘤组织中有HPV表达,且与肿瘤的复发频率呈正相关。结论HPV在小儿喉乳头状瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

肺混合性鳞状细胞和腺性乳头状瘤的临床病理学观察

目的 探讨肺混合性鳞状细胞和腺性乳头状瘤的临床病理特征.方法 总结分析大连医科大学附属第一医院2例病理诊断为肺混合性鳞状细胞和腺性乳头状瘤的患者临床、影像及病理学资料.患者男女各1例;年龄分别为60岁及65岁;CT分别显示为右肺下叶混杂磨玻璃影及结节影,大小分别为1.1 cm×0.7 cm及直径0.8 cm,形态均不规整且考虑为肿瘤性病变(其中1例HRCT考虑原位腺癌或微浸润腺癌).2例均行右下肺叶楔形切除术.结果 显微镜下均见肿瘤与周边肺组织分界不清,由被覆鳞状上皮和/或腺上皮的乳头状结构组成,被覆的两种上皮可见组织学移行区,部分腺上皮形成嗜酸细胞微乳头,凸向腔内,有的脱落于腔内.周边肿瘤细胞延伸到肺泡腔并沿肺泡壁贴壁样生长,周边肺泡腔见大量粘液,与腺癌相似.免疫组化结果均显示不同种类的上皮具有相似的免疫表型.CK,CK7,CK5/6,P63,P40,Napsin-A和TTF-1在不同肿瘤细胞成分呈阳性,CK20,P16均呈阴性.2例患者术后随访时间分别为6个月及10个月,均未出现复发和转移.结论 肺混合性鳞状细胞和腺性乳头状瘤是罕见的肺良性肿瘤,临床及影像表现无特异性,正确诊断依赖于病理组织学及免疫组化.     

Benign breast papilloma: Is surgical excision necessary?

In many centers internationally, current standard of care is to excise all papillomas of the breast, despite recently reported low rates of upgrade to malignancy on final excision. The objective of this study was to determine the upgrade rate to malignancy in patients with papilloma without atypia. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all cases of benign intraductal papilloma in a tertiary referral symptomatic breast unit between July 2008 and July 2018 was performed. Patients with evidence of malignancy or atypia on core biopsy and those with a history of breast cancer or genetic mutations predisposing to breast cancer were excluded. One hundred and seventy‐three cases of benign papilloma diagnosed on core biopsy were identified. Following exclusions, the final cohort comprised of 138 patients. Mean age at presentation was 51. Mean follow‐up time was 9.6 months. The most common symptom was a lump (40%). Of the 124 patients who underwent excision, three had ductal carcinoma in situ and there were no cases of invasive disease, giving an upgrade rate to malignancy of 2.4%. Upgrade to other high‐risk lesions (atypical lobular and ductal hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ) was demonstrated in 15 cases (12.1%). Benign papilloma was confirmed in 100 cases (81.5%), and 6 (4.8%) had no residual papilloma found on final excision. Twelve patients (8.7%) were managed conservatively. Of those, one later went on to develop malignancy. Patients with a diagnosis of benign papilloma without atypia on core biopsy have a low risk of upgrade to malignancy on final pathology, suggesting that observation may be a safe alternative to surgical excision. Further research is warranted to determine which patients can be safely managed conservatively.     

液基细胞学和高危型HPV DNA检测对宫颈癌前病变筛查的作用

目的：评价单独和联合高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）DNA检测和宫颈液基细胞学检查对宫颈癌前病变筛查的效果。方法：对广东医学院附属医院妇科门诊1152名妇女进行宫颈癌前病变筛查,采用液基细胞学检查（TCT）和第二代杂交捕获试验（HC-Ⅱ）检测高危型HPV DNA,以宫颈活检的组织病理学结果为确诊标准。结果：高危型HPV DNA检测CINⅡ、Ⅲ的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.82%、73.96%、5.16%、99.91%。宫颈细胞学筛查CINⅡ、Ⅲ,以ASCUS为分界点的上述四值分别是90.50%、79.87%、12.15%、99.57%;以LSIL为分界点的上述四值分别是71.52%、89.76%、11.04%、99.45%;以HSIL为分界点的上述四值分别是47.25%、98.32%、32.24%、99.18%。高危型HPV DNA检测联合细胞学检查的上述四值分别是98.84%、73.35%、5.23%、100.00%。结论：单独应用上述两种筛查方法有较高的敏感度和阴性预测值,联合应用后敏感度和阴性预测值进一步提高,但特异度未能提高。     

Induction of SiHa Cells Apoptosis by Nanometer Realgar Suspension and Its Mechanism

The effects of nanometer realgar uterine cervix cancer cell line SiHa cells and suspension on proliferation and apoptosis of human oncogenic genes HPV16E6/E7 were investigated. A ＂micro-jet effiux＂ strategy was used for the preparation of nanometer realgar suspension. SiHa cells were treated with nanometer Realgar suspension in various concentrations （6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/L） for different durations （12, 24, 48 and 72 h）. The inhibitive effect of nanometer realgar suspension on growth of SiHa cells was detected by MTT method. Special morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and DNA fragments electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate was quantified by flow cytometry （FCM）. The expression of HPV 16E6/E7 mRNA and protein was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed after being treated with 25--50 mg/L nanometer realgar suspension for 48 h, the survival rate of SiHa cells was decreased, and apoptotic rate markedly increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. TEM and DNA electrophoresis revealed the special morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of SiHa cells treated with nanometer realgar suspension was significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.01）, and G0/G1 phase arrest appeared following treatment with nanometer realgar suspension in 25 and 50 mg/L for 48 h. RT-PCR and Western blot assay indicated that nanometer realgar suspension reduced the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression. Nanometer realgar suspension could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SiHa cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression.     

昆明地区妇女宫颈HPV感染状况

目的探讨宫颈癌及癌前病变与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的相关性；了解昆明地区高危型HPV感染的情况。方法应用HPV-DNA PCR反向点分子杂交基因芯片分型系统对1917例妇女的宫颈细胞进行HPV-DNA检测；细胞学检测LPT结果为非典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）以上和／或HPV—DNA检测阳性的患者，均行阴道镜下活组织病理检查．结果1917例妇女HPV感染率为16．9％，其中高危型HPV（HR-HPV）感染占84．9％，以HPV16、33、58和18型最为常见；HPV感染率随宫颈癌癌前病变级别升高均呈趋势性增加，CINI、CINⅡ、CINⅢ及宫颈浸润癌的HPV-DNA感染率分别为36．8％、71．4％、83．3％及85．7％与正常＋炎症组相比，宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内高度病变（≥CINII组）的优势比（OR）和归因危险度比率（ARP）为26．4（11．5～60．5）和88．O％；而低度病变（CINI组）的OR和ARP为3．4（2．0～5．6）和79．O％。HPV感染的多重性与宫颈癌及癌前病变级别升高有关联性（Somers＇d=0.645．Kendall＇s tau-b=0.645，P〈0．01）。结论高危型HPV是诱发宫颈癌的重要病因学因素，控制HPV感染可降低宫颈癌的发病率；昆明地区妇女HPV感染率为16．9％，以HPVl6、33、58和18型最为多见。     

COX-2和Ki-67在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨尖锐湿疣(CA)组织中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和增殖指标K i-67的表达及意义。方法用免疫组化SP法分别检测COX-2蛋白和K i-67蛋白在38例CA组织和15例正常上皮组织中的表达。结果COX-2蛋白在CA组和正常皮肤组的阳性率分别为68.4%(26/38)和0,表达强度分别为3.921±0.254和0.883±0.088,二者在阳性率及表达强度上差异均有显著性(P均<0.01);K i-67蛋白在CA组和正常皮肤组的阳性率分别为84.2%(32/38)和60.0%(9/15),表达强度分别为0.234±0.021和0.05±0.006,二者阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05),但表达强度差异有显著性(P<0.05);COX-2蛋白和K i-67蛋白之间的阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.497,P<0.01)。结论COX-2在CA发生、发展中起一定作用,与细胞的增殖有关。