流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗免疫学效果观察

1998年5月,我们在江苏省新沂市选择1～1．5岁健康儿童进行流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）减毒活疫苗免疫学效果观察．免疫前和免疫后1个月各采血检测乙脑反向被动血凝（RPHI）抗体．检测到合格双份血清87人,抗体测定免疫前阴性44人．其免疫后抗体阳转率为93．18％,免疫前阳性43人,其免疫后抗体≥4倍增长率为34．88％,表明乙脑减毒活疫苗的免疫成功率是较高的．     

Endoscopic vs conventional hernia repair from an immunologic point of view

Background: In this study we tried to estimate the local surgical trauma in patients undergoing endoscopic or conventional hernia repair via the changes in peripheral blood T cell subpopulations (i.e., T-helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 cells), recently shown to be recruited differentially to inflammatory sites. Methods: Cells were identified flow-cytometrically by intracellular cytokine staining on a single cell level in 30 patients undergoing conventional (Shouldice) or total extraperitoneal patch (TEPP) hernia repair. Results: The TH1 cells decreased postoperatively in Shouldice patients on an average of 20.8–31.4%, whereas in TEPP patients only a minor decline (mean, 7.8–9.2%) was observed. The TH2 cells did not change significantly in TEPP patients, and a small increase (mean, 7.7%) was detected in Shouldice patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the postoperative reduction in TH1 cells reflects local surgical trauma and can be helpful in evaluating different surgical procedures. When conventional and endoscopic hernia repair were compared, the latter proved less traumatizing. Received: 18 March 1998/Accepted: 24 July 1998     

免疫状态对Fv—4基因抗Friend MuLV作用的影响

通过检测免疫抑制的Ｆ１小鼠和杂合子Ｆ２裸鼠对Ｆｒｉｅｎｄ小鼠白血病病毒（Ｆｒ．ＭｕＬＶ）感染的敏感性,探讨免疫状态对Ｆｖ－４基因（特别是对Ｆｖ－４基因杂合子）抗ＦｒｉｅｎｄＭｕＬＶ作用的影响,经腹腔接种Ｆｒ．ＭｕＬＶ病毒液攻击小鼠或Ｆ２裸鼠后,检查其计中Ｆｒ．ＭｕＬＶ的增主其发病情况,结果表明,免疫抑制的Ｆ１小鼠和杂合子Ｆ１裸鼠都可被Ｆｒ．ＭｕＬＶ脾脏中有病毒增殖,并用约２／３的杂合子Ｆ２裸鼠与Ｂ     

山东莒南HFRSⅡ型灭活疫苗效果观察

报告了ＨＦＲＳ地鼠肾细胞Ⅱ型灭活疫苗,自１９９４年以来,在莒南县高发疫区５个乡镇１７个村,对１６～６０岁的１１５１０人,全程免疫后４年的观察结果。疫苗初免３针后１４天、１年,血清中和抗体阳性率分别为６８９７％、１８５２％。加强１针后１４天达到１００％,加强后１年、２年、３年,中和抗体阳性率分别为６０００％、５３３３％、５０００％。几何平均滴度依次为８４、３２、１７０５、５７５、５３９、３６９。荧光抗体阳性率依次分别为９２００％、６２０７％、１００００％、５６００％、３２００％、２５００％。基础免疫后４年内,接种组发病１人,发病率为２１７／１０万;对照组发病６１人,发病率为１２８９１／１０万。疫苗保护率４年年均为９８３２％,安全性较好。疫苗接种者在流行高峰期后,荧光抗体滴度增高６人,均无临床表现。结论：ＨＦＲＳⅡ型灭活疫苗接种４年内,预防效果良好;接种人群未出现免疫增强反应病例。     

天津市某工业区大气污染对儿童健康影响的研究

为探讨天津市区大气污染对儿童健康的影响,于１９９５年１０－１１月对天津市某工业区对对照区进行了充行病学调查。调查对象为７－１２岁儿童,结果表明污泥区大气ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ,ＴＳＰ、ＣＯ浓度均显著高于对照区;     

韶关市麻疹减毒活疫苗初始强化免疫的效果分析

为探讨初始强化免疫对控制和消除麻疹的效果,１９９８ 年６ ～７ 月份对韶关市所有６ 月龄至１５ 岁人群实施ＭＶ 初始强化免疫后进行血清学检测和流行病学观察。结果强免后麻疹总抗体阳性率从９０－８ ％ 升至９９－５ ％ ,ＧＭＲＴ 从８６１－８ 增长到４６６０－２ ,低抗体率从３１－０ 降至１－８ ％ ,免疫成功率高达９８－９ ％ ;强免后（１９９８ 年７ ～１２ 月、１９９９ 年１ ～５ 月） 麻疹发病报告分别为２７ 例和１ 例,比强免前（１９９８ 年１ ～６ 月２５２ 例） 大幅度下降。说明ＭＶ 初始强化免疫控制麻疹效果显著,是控制和消除麻疹的可取策略。     

异种表面角膜镜片术后外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的流式细胞仪分析

目的;研究异种表面角膜术后机体对异种角膜的免疫反应,阐明人体对异种角膜的免疫耐受机制。方法：应用流式细胞仪对９例接受异种表面角膜镜片术患者术后外周血Ｔ细胞的分布和自然杀伤细胞的活性进行了分析。结果;术后２个月,Ｔ细胞末被激活,ＮＫ活化程度显著提高,但未激发排斥反应。结论;猴角膜镜片虽可诱发轻微的免疫应答,但未达到增强抗原诱发的Ｔ细胞增殖应答的程度。     

T-lymphocyte immunointerferon receptors in patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), associated with an altered immunoregulation. Interferon (IFN)-, also known as immune IFN, is a cytokine with several effects on the immune system. Specific IFN- receptors have been found on human lymphocytes, as well as on other cell types (e.g. gliocytes), even in the CNS. The aim of the present study was to evaluate IFN- binding on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from MS patients, compared with those from healthy subjects. Thirty-two patients were selected according to the classical criteria for definite MS; as controls, 21 healthy subjects were studied. We have found that T-lymphocytes from MS patients bear a significantly smaller amount of IFN- receptors than those from controls [B _max: 568, 18 vs 708, 14 (mean, SE) receptors/cell]. Such IFN- binding sites are of the same type in patients and healthy subjects [K _d: 1.0, 0.05 vs 0.9, 0.02 (mean, SE) nM]. These findings are discussed in terms of immunopathogenesis of MS, since it has been reported that activated T-lymphocytes have decreased amounts of IFN- receptors.     

正常儿童红细胞免疫功能的测定

目的　探讨红细胞免疫功能在小儿各年龄组的变化。方法　 0～ 2 8d,～ 3岁 ,～ 7岁 ,～ 14岁各年龄组选择 3 0名健康儿童 ,采用郭氏法 ,用微量指血检测红细胞 C3 b补体受体粘附率 ( RC3 b R) ,红细胞免疫复合物粘附率 ( RICR) ,肿瘤红细胞粘附率 ( TRR) ,同时选择 3 0名健康成人为对照。结果　儿童期各年龄组 RC3 b R、RICR、TRR与成人比较 ,儿童期男女之间比较 ,新生儿与成人比较 ,P均 >0 .0 5。结论　红细胞免疫功能的各项指标 :RC3 b R、RICR、TRR从新生儿一出生已达成人水平 ,儿童各年龄段无明显变化 ,可作为小儿预防免疫复合物疾病的一项常规检查     

抗癌胶囊对实验性肿瘤的治疗及对化疗减毒作用研究

目的：研究抗癌胶囊对小鼠移植肿瘤S180，H22，Lewis的抑瘤作用及对化疗药所致小鼠免疫功能抑制的保护作用。方法：按照抗癌药物筛选规程进行体内抑瘤实验：采用氟尿嘧啶（FU）制备免疫功能低下模型，测定抗癌胶囊对小鼠白细胞计数、免疫器官重量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和NK细胞的影响。结果：抗癌胶囊对小鼠移植肿瘤S180，H22，Lewis均有不同的抑瘤作用，其中高剂量组抑瘤效果最佳，并对小鼠体重生长无明显影响。抗癌胶囊还有明显拮抗FU所致白细胞下降，胸腺、脾脏萎缩，腹腔巨噬细胞功能降低和NK细胞减少等毒副作用。结论：抗癌胶囊具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。