Dexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH,prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders

Summary Baseline and TRH-induced changes of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 15 healthy control subjects and 63 psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 19), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 10), and adjustment disorder (n = 14); baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol (CS) were also determined 3–6 days after the TRH-challenge. All patients and controls were women of similar mean age, weight, height, and they were free from interfering illness or drugs.Baseline TSH and PRL were lower in depression, TRH-induced TSH and PRL responses were lower in the whole patient group, but most markedly in depression and alcohol dependence. Postdexamethasone CS was significantly higher in depression, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Basal GH did not differentiate the subgroups; TRH-induced pathological GH responses were sometimes found in the patient groups. The differences were most marked quantitatively in major depression: a multivariate analysis of variance showed that TSH, postdexamethasone CS and PRL were the most important variables in separating patients from controls. A discriminant function derived from these variables classified all controls and 18 of 19 depressed patients correctly; however, 25 of the 44 other patients were also classified with depression.It was confirmed that psychiatric patients show significantly more endocrine disturbances than controls, and this was seen not only in major depression but also in at least three other conditions. Further work is needed to identify other neuroendocrine patterns more specific to depressive disorder.     

Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects,Animal and Clinical Studies

This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.     

复合生长因子材料在组织工程中的应用

组织工程就是应用细胞,在体内或体外重建组织,或缺损组织,器官的生物活性替代物,除了细胞和支架,生长因子在组织的再生中是重要的,复合生长因子或生长因子质粒DNA的材料在组织工程的应用中有广阔的前景。     

血清血管内皮生长因子测定在鼻咽癌检测中的意义

目的：探讨血清血管内皮生长因子能否作为鼻咽癌的肿瘤标志物,并作为鼻咽癌诊断与分期检测的指标。方法：对88例鼻咽癌患者和60例鼻咽颈部良性病变及73例正常人进行血清血管内皮生长因子的定量测定。结果：鼻咽癌患者与鼻咽颈部良性病变、正常人比较和鼻咽癌临床各期比较血清血管内皮生长因子含量有显著性的差异。结论：血清血管内皮生长因子含量测定可作为鼻咽癌的发现诊断和临床分期简便可靠的检测指标。     

血管内皮生长因子在妊高征胎盘中的表达研究

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在妊高征(PIH)胎盘中的表达情况.方法用免疫组织化学法,检测30例正常晚孕胎盘(对照组)和34例妊高征胎盘(妊高征组)中的VEGF表达水平,并作计算机图像分析,测定各组标本的阳性染色光度值.结果VEGF在正常晚孕胎盘和妊高征胎盘中均有表达,其分布基本一致,主要在滋养细胞、血管内皮及绒毛间质.计算机图像分析结果示,对照组VEGF阳性染色光度为0.23780±0.00434,妊高征组VEGF阳性染色光度为0.20688±0.01530,其中轻度0.22603±0.00828,中度0.20364±0.00365,重度0.19151±0.00441,妊高征组中VEGF表达明显低于对照组P＜0.01.且随妊高征病情的加重,VEGFF表达水平呈下降趋势.结论妊高征胎盘中VEGF表达水平降低可能与胎盘血管生成减少及胎盘滋养细胞侵入异常有关,在妊高征的发病中起重要作用.     

京尼平苷对地鼠胆固醇结石形成的影响

目的观察京尼平苷预防给药对地鼠胆固醇结石形成的影响.方法用高脂肪高蛋白致石饲料造成地鼠胆固醇结石模型,阳性对照药物熊去氧胆酸80mg/kg和京尼平苷50,100mg/kgig,每天预防给药,给药30d后作胆囊内容物涂片检查观察地鼠的成石率,检测胆汁脂类成分计算胆汁成石指数.结果模型组的成石率为100%,成石指数(LI)大于1;京尼平苷50和100mg/kg组的成石率分别为40%(P＜0.05)和25%(P＜0.01),LI均小于1,熊去氧胆酸组的成石率与LI与京尼平苷100mg/kg组相近.结论京尼平苷对地鼠胆固醇结石的形成可能具有抑制作用.     

反义寡核苷酸对脑胶质瘤细胞生长抑制作用的动态研究

目的　探讨原癌基因 c- m yb反义寡核苷酸 (AON)对 C6脑胶质瘤细胞的体内生长抑制作用。方法　将 C6脑胶质瘤细胞接种于裸鼠皮下 ,当肿瘤长至 10 mm左右时随机分成 3组 (每组 12只 ) ,分别用 c- mybAON、正义寡核苷酸 (SON)和生理盐水瘤区原位注射 ,注药后 4、8、12和 16日各组处死动物 3只 ,动态观察肿瘤的体积、重量及病理学改变 ;用流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡 ;以免疫组化方法分析各组的 c- m yb、bcl- 2蛋白阳性表达率。结果　 c- myb AON组的肿瘤体积抑制率分别为第 4天 6 6 .7% ,第 8天 71.4% ,第 12天 72 % ,第 16天73% ,与对照组相比 ,其生长抑制作用具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;AON组凋亡细胞百分率为第 4天 3.4% ,第 8天 2 7.1% ,第 12天 46 .1% ,第 16天 48.4% ,是 SON组和对照组相应时段凋亡细胞的 3.5倍以上 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;AON组 c-myb和 bcl- 2蛋白阳性表达率较对照组有显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;且 AON治疗后的脑胶质瘤中见较多炎性细胞浸润和钙化灶。结论　 c- myb癌基因有可能成为反义基因治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的优选靶点之一     

Use of biologics in rotator cuff disorders: Current concept review

Poor tendon to bone healing following rotator cuff repair has led to the continued interest and investigation into biological augmentation. The biology of tendinopathy is not fully understood and consequently the availability of disease modifying therapeutic targets is limited. A ceiling of benefit has been reached by mechanical optimisation of rotator cuff repair and thus, in order to improve healing rates, a biological solution is required. This review focuses on the strategies to biologically augment rotator cuff disorders with an emphasis on rotator cuff repair. Leucocyte rich platelet rich plasma has been shown to improve healing rates without clinically relevant improvements in outcome scores. Similarly, improved healing rates have also been reported with bone marrow stimulation and in long-term follow-up with bone marrow concentrate. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthetic scaffolds can increase healing through mechanical and or biological augmentation. A potential third category of scaffold is bio-inductive and has no mechanical support. Studies involving various scaffolds have shown promising results for augmentation of large to massive tears and is likely to be most beneficial when tendon quality is poor, however level I evidence is limited.     

Biomechanical activity of the growth plate

Summary The authors analyze at several levels the biomechanical activity of the epiphyseal plate.From a histologic point of view, they show the role played by the different cell layers in growth.The rapid growth of long bones is well known in animals, not entirely in human beings. The factors involved in mechanical regulation of the epiphyseal plate are analyzed according to distraction and compression stresses. Other factors have also been reported (periosteum and muscle).Analysis of the literature reveals that biomechanical activity and the factors managing growth are not well known yet.A combined effort should be made to obtain better understanding of the surgical procedures carried out in pediatric orthopedics.

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Comportement biomécanique du cartilage de croissance. Incidences cliniques

Résumé Les auteurs analysent le comportement biomécanique du cartilage de croissance à plusieurs niveaux.Sur le plan histologique ils montrent le rôle joué dans la croissance par les différentes couches cellulaires.La vitesse de croissance des os longs est bien connue chez les animaux et difficile à apprécier chez l'homme. Les facteurs intervenant dans la régulation mécanique du cartilage sont analysés en fonction des contraintes en compression et en détraction. Les autres facteurs (périoste et muscle) sont rapportés.L'analyse de la littérature montre combien le comportement mécanique et les facteurs régissant la croissance sont mal connus et mériteraient un effort de recherche conjugué pour mieux comprendre la portée des gestes chirurgicaux en orthopédie infantile.