The tissue Renin-Angiotensin Systems: Focus on Brain Angiotensin,Adrenal Gland and Arterial Wall

The enzyme renin has long been considered an exclusively renal enzyme responsible for the generation of angiotensin in the plasma, and angiotensin was considered a peptide hormone with specific target organs. Since renin has been discovered to occur not only in the kidney but in addition in a large number of other tissues, e.g. the salivary gland, the uterus, the blood vessels, the adrenal gland and the brain, this concept had to be revised. The possibility of local generation of angiotensin in these target tissues, where it has marked biological effects casts a new light on angiotensin as a more ubiquitous tissue factor or even a neurohormone.     

肾上腺、泌尿男生殖系统恶性淋巴瘤的诊断和处理(附4例报告)

Objectives To elevate the level of diagnosis and treatment of Adrenal gland, uropoiesis male reproductive system with malignant lymphomas. Methods The clinical data of 4 patients in our department was reviewed, There were no special features either in clinical manifestations or in conventional imaging studies. The final pathologic diagnosis was achieved by surgical exploration(2 cases) and biopsy directed by B-ultrasonic (2 cases).3 cases underwent a combined polychemotherapy. Results One patient post - operation were followed up in November so far, is still alive and 2 case s respective survival 4 years and 2 years ;the others died 20 days after diagnosis,due to brain metastases、bellows infection、septic shock.Conclusions Clinical manifestations and conventional imaging studies demonstrated nospecial characteristics compared with benign tumor. We suggest that it's a good idea to biopsy directed by CT or sonography and operations research.Treatment according to pathological types and stages of individual treatment.     

腮腺肿瘤的CT诊断价值

目的探讨腮腺肿瘤的CT特征和诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术或病理证实的52例腮腺肿瘤患者CT表现。结果肿瘤按CT表现分三类：52例患者中,Ⅰ类30例,形态规则呈类圆形,密度均匀,边缘清楚,除1例腺淋巴瘤外,29例均为良性混合瘤：Ⅱ类15例,形态不规则,呈分叶状,密度欠均,边界较清或模糊,其中7例良性混合瘤,2例恶性混合瘤,3例腺淋巴瘤,2例血管瘤,1例黏液表皮样癌;Ⅲ类7例,形态不规则,边缘无法确定,其中恶性混合瘤2例,黏液表皮样癌2例,囊腺癌1例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,腺泡细胞癌1例。结论CT对腮腺肿瘤的定位,定性较为准确,特别是良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

腮腺良性肿瘤手术是否切除腺体探讨

目的：探讨腮腺良性肿物切除时,切除肿物伴腺体全切与单纯切除肿物或做腺体区段切除之间的肿物复发率对比,以此指导临床的治疗。方法：收集我院1988～2008年口腔科收治腮腺良性肿瘤切除手术病例及随访材料进行统计、整理、分析、数据处理。结果：统计有效病例316例,术后随访后发现腺体全切20年无复发病例,只做肿瘤周围部分腺段切除者5年复发2例、7年复发3例、8年复发2例,单纯只做肿瘤切除者5年以上复发2例、7～10年复发5例。结论：腮腺良性肿瘤做腺体全切手术后无复发,只做腺体部分切除或单纯肿瘤切除者复发率明显高于腺体全切者。是否进行腺体全切手术主要取决于患者的年龄、对手术时间的耐受程度,不能因为有复发可能性就不顾患者身体状况全部做腺体切除。特别是儿童和70岁以上老年人要对切除腺体持慎重态度。     

嗅三针对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆功能及松果体褪黑素含量的影响

目的探讨嗅三针对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆功能及松果体褪黑素含量的影响作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、VD模型组、VD嗅神经切断模型组、嗅三针组。制作VD大鼠模型和VD并嗅神经切断大鼠模型,通过嗅三针电刺激方法,测试大鼠水迷宫学习记忆能力及松果体褪黑素的含量。结果定位航行试验显示,平均逃避潜伏期和平均游泳路程比较,VD模型组明显长于正常对照组(P<0.01);嗅三针组明显短于VD模型组(P<0.01);嗅三针组也明显短于VD嗅神经切断模型组(P<0.01);VD嗅神经切断模型组与VD模型组之差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。松果体褪黑素含量比较,VD模型组低于正常对照组(P<0.05);嗅三针组高于VD模型组(P<0.05),嗅三针组也高于VD嗅神经切断模型组(P<0.05);VD模型组与VD嗅神经切断模型组之差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论嗅三针能够显著增强血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆功能,并且能提高松果体褪黑素的含量,其治疗效应的发挥依赖于嗅觉传导通路的完整性。     

成都地区先天性甲状腺功能低下症筛查结果分析

目的回顾近年来成都地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症(congenital hypothyoidism,CH)的筛查情况,分析CH发病率特点及检出情况,为进一步提高新生儿疾病筛查水平提供依据。方法对2008~2014年在成都市妇女儿童中心医院对应的各定点医院所采集的1 210 859例新生儿疾病筛查干滤纸血片标本,采用时间分辨免疫荧光法检测促甲状腺激素浓度进行初筛;结果阳性者召回,静脉采血,用电化学发光法检测并诊断。结果 CH在2008年发病比例为1∶1 869(72/134 594),2014年发病比例为1∶1 280(160/204 810),2008~2014年总发病比例为1∶1 499(808/1 210 859);冷季发病比例(1∶1 209)较暖季发病比例(1∶1973)高(P0.05),冷季初筛阳性确诊率(7.07%)较暖季初筛阳性确诊率(14.86%)低(P0.05)。结论本地区CH发病率呈逐步上升趋势,新生儿筛查工作是早期发现和快速诊断CH的有效方法,是新生儿健康的重要保障。     

B超引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节的诊断意义

目的：探讨超声引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节的诊断价值。方法：在512例患有可疑甲状腺癌结节的患者中,按完全随机设计的原则抽取120例作为研究对象,在术前均行超声引导下活检针穿刺术。计算kappa值、准确率、灵敏度、特异度、漏诊率、误诊率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数、阳性似然比、阴性似然比。结果：经术后病理证实84例为甲状腺癌,活检针穿刺正确79例,漏诊5例,不能确定5例。kappa值0.844、一致率0.933、灵敏度0.94、特异度0.917、漏诊率0.06、误诊率0.083、阳性预测值0.963、阴性预测值0.868、阳性似然比11.286、阴性似然比0.065、约登指数0.857。结论：超声引导下活检针穿刺对可疑甲状腺癌结节有较高的诊断价值,可作为判断良恶性结节的首选。     

Effects of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors on genetically reconstituted mouse mammary glands

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a specific epithelial growth factor Receptor kinase inhibitor (EGFR-KI) and Taxol on tumor growth in a novel tumor model. MATERIAL & METHODS: A genetically engineered tumor model which uses "transgenic" organs in immune competent mice was used. NeuT-transfected immortalized HC11 epithelial cells and primary mouse mammary epithelial cells have been transplanted into the gland-free mammary fat pad of female BALB/c mice. Mammary tumors developed after a latency period of three to four weeks. The mice were thereafter daily orally treated over a 19 or 22-day period with 0, 38, 75, 2 x 75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) EGFR-KI (n: 7-9 per group) or intravenously with 10 mg/kg b.w. Taxol. After necropsy the histopathological evaluation of the tumors was performed in a coded manner. The proliferation activity of tumor cells was analyzed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) using anti-Ki67-antibodies. RESULTS: Oral Treatment with EGFR-KI in this transgenic organ model showed clear antitumor efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 38 and 75 mg/kg b.w. This antiproliferative effect appears to be minimally increased at 75 mg/kg/day twice per day. For all treatments a strong correlation between the biological behavior of the tumor, histopathology and cell proliferation could be established. In contrast, treatment with Taxol showed no significant reduction of tumor growth or cell proliferation in this model. This new transgenic organ model comprising histopathological evaluation and cell proliferation analysis appears to be a suitable test system for drug candidates that affect specific biochemical pathways. It may have greater predictive nature for clinical effects in humans as compared to conventional tumor models because of its c-erb B2 gene overexpression.     

Effects of saline infusions on calcium concentration in plasma ultrafiltrate and on the ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of the rat

Summary Experiments have been performed in adult female rats to examine the effects of saline infusion on calcium concentration in plasma ultrafiltrate and on the ultrastructure of the parathyroids as studied with the electron microscope. Intravenous infusions of isotonic saline of at least 10 ml within 30 min decreased calcium concentration in plasma ultrafiltrate from 3.04±0.15 mEq/l to 2.79±0.11 eEq/l (P<0.001). Saline infusions of 2 h duration at a rate of 0.5 ml/min decreased significantly the number of secretory granules in the parathyroid cells and induced considerable growth of the Golgi apparatus. It is concluded, that saline infusions in the rat decrease the ionized fraction of plasma calcium concentration thereby increasing parathormone secretion rate.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤

目的 评价后腹腔镜肾上腺切除治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的临床价值.方法 对本院2000年2月～2008年12月25例后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.左侧15例,右侧10例,肿瘤直径3.0 - 5.6 cm,平均4.2 cm.结果 除3例因出血和肿瘤粘连严重中转开放手术外,其余22例均成功切除肿瘤.手术时间67～210min,平均123min;手术出血量50～450mL,平均120mL;术中下腔静脉破裂2例,均在腹腔镜下完成修补;1例术后24小时死于继发出血.术后病理诊断24 例为良性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,1例为低度恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤.术后住院时间8～20天,平均12天.随访5～36个月,平均12个月,除1 例需口服降压药外,其余血压恢复正常,24 小时尿VMA 检查正常,无远期并发症,未见肿瘤复发.结论 后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术对最大径<6cm肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效、创伤少、出血少、恢复快.术前准备和术后处理在治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的过程中具有重要价值.