Long-term Result of Treatment of Prader-Willi Syndrome by Scopinaro's Bilio-pancreatic Diversion. Study of Three Cases and the Effect of Dextrofenfluramine on the Postoperative Evolution

The Prader-Willi syndrome shortens the life of patients due to the morbid obesity which it entails. The compulsive hyperphagia associated with it makes a dietetic treatment or a gastroplasty difficult. This study presents the case-histories of three patients suffering from the Prader-Willi syndrome who were operated on by means of a Scopinaro's bilio-pancreatic diversion. Following a marked reduction the first year, the weight loss stabilized and then tended to diminish. The observation of three cases which continued for two and a half to six years did not reveal any considerable metabolic problems. The deficiency of iron, vitamins D and B12 as well as folic acid had to be made up by supplementation. These results are comparable with the most favorable ones in the literature. Even if the effect on the weight loss is not spectacular, the operation manages to hold off the development of the obesity, inexorable for those with the Prader-Willi syndrome, and prevents lethal complications, without having notable side effects. Lifting coercive dietary measures improves the quality of life.     

Obesity Surgery Poly-parametric Patient Auto-evaluation

A simple auto-evaluation sheet is presented for the proper assessment of the patient's condition after surgery. Stress is put not only on weight loss, but on other important factors as well.     

Pharmacological aspects of anaesthesia for implantation of the artificial lens

During the placement of an artificial lens the ophthalmic surgeon must be guaranteed an immobile operation site and so-called soft eye. Based on our experience with more than 1000 lens implantation operations in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital over the past three years, the following conclusions can be drawn: The pharmacological agents available to the anaesthetist are sufficient for providing optimal conditions under general anaesthesia for lens implantation techniques by the eye surgeon. Hypotensive techniques are not regarded as being appropriate because of the inherent risks involved. Classical neuroleptic techniques are best avoided in the elderly. Controlled ventilation is preferable in order to avoid the deleterious side effects of hypercarbia. Constant vigilance on the part of the anaesthetist during the operation is a very important sine qua non for a tranquil course both during the anaesthetic and in the post-operative period. The routine administration of antiemetic agents after a lens implantation operation is advisable this holds true also for prevention of the Central Anticholinergic Syndrome by means of physostigmine, in patients who have received inhalation anaesthetics, particularly enflurane or, flunitrazepam.     

Post-operative pain and inflammatory reaction reduced by injection of a corticosteroid

Summary In a controlled crossover study, identical surgical procedures, the prophylactic removal of bilateral non-erupted 3rd molar teeth, were performed on two separate occasions in 24 healthy patients. Prior to each procedure, either betamethasone 9 mg (Celeston Chronodose^®) or placebo was administered intramuscularly, in a randomized fashion. Objective and subjective assessments were recorded for paired comparison of the post-operative course, including swelling, pain, trismus, local temperature, bleeding, wound-healing and preference for treatment. In 23 patients, less swelling occurred when betamethasone was given pre-operatively. The mean reduction on the 3rd and 6th post-operative days was 55% (p<0.001) and 69% (p<0.001), respectively. Pain assessments (visual analogue scale) were significantly lower after the corticosteroid injection; mean response: 1st evening 17 vs 56 mm, 2nd evening 5 vs 37 mm, and 3rd evening 2 vs 13 mm. No significant correlation between the steroid-induced reduction in swelling and pain could be made. This may indicate that dissociation may exist between pain and other inflammatory events like swelling. No clinically apparent infection or other disturbance of wound-healing was noted after corticosteroid administration. This treatment course was preferred by 23 of the 24 patients.     

经皮电刺激与电针治疗纤维肌痛综合征疗效对比

目的 :对比经皮电刺激与电针治疗纤维肌痛综合征 (FS)的疗效差异。方法 :将 66例患者随机分为经皮电刺激治疗组 (A组 )、电针治疗组 (B组 )、药物对照组 (C组 )进行临床疗效的对比研究。其中A组和B组均采用以FS常见的 1 8个压痛点邻近穴位为刺激点 ,C组采用口服阿米替林为主的西药。结果 :A组及B组的有效率及痊愈显效者 6个月、1 2个月及 2 4个月随访结果同C组比较 ,其差异具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1 ) ,但A组同B组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5)。结论 :经皮电刺激或电针刺激穴位治疗纤维肌痛综合征的疗效优于药物组 ,而经皮电刺激是一种无创痛且被患者乐于接受的方法     

小切口白内障手术中后囊膜破裂一期人工晶体植入术临床疗效分析

目的评价小切口白内障摘除术术中后囊膜破裂的原因及处理方法.方法回顾分析1 05 6例小切口白内障手术联合人工晶体植入术,其中术中51例后囊膜破裂,玻璃体溢出,行前段玻璃体切割术联合一期后房型人工晶体植入术.结果本组患者手术中后囊膜破裂发生率为4.8%,全部行一期后房型人工晶体植入术,其中5例囊袋内固定植入,42例睫状沟固定植入和4例DGR人工晶体双襻缝线固定法植入.术后矫正视力大于或等于0.3者46例(90.2%);矫正视力大于或等于0.05,低于0.3者4例(7.8%);矫正视力低于0.05者1例(2.0%).结论前段玻璃体切割术为小切口白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂一期人工晶体植入提供了安全有效的保证.     

保留乳房手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的临床观察

目的 :探讨早期乳腺癌保留乳房手术的原则及近期疗效。方法 :对 2 8例早期乳腺癌病例实施保乳手术 ,手术方式为肿块广泛切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫 ,术后常规辅助放疗和化疗。结果 :2 8例均存活 ,术后均无局部复发 ,无远处转移 ,双乳均保持良好乳房外形。结论 :对早期乳腺癌实施保乳综合治疗疗效可靠 ,可作为早期乳腺癌治疗的首选方法。     

羟甲唑啉在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的：探讨经甲唑啉(商品名：达芬霖)在鼻内镜手术中的应用价值。方法：观察在68例鼻内镜手术中应用经甲唑啉对患者的脉搏、纤毛运动的影响及出现反跳的时间。结果：在经甲唑啉应用前后，68例患者的脉搏变化差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；10例慢性鼻窦炎患者的纤毛移动率差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；降低鼻血流量约50％；作用持续时间长达6h。结论：经甲唑啉作为鼻教膜血管减充剂和麻醉辅助药，常规用于鼻内镜手术，安全、有效。     

慢性鼻窦炎手术方法的探讨

目的：探讨治疗慢性鼻窦炎的手术方法及中鼻甲前端部分切除术在治疗慢性鼻窦炎中的作用。方法：对87例(155侧)慢性鼻窦炎患者，根据其发病原因及病情不同分为3类，采用相应的手术方法进行治疗。结果：第l类43侧，治愈39侧，好转4侧；第2类8l侧，治愈69侧，好转l0侧，无效2侧；第3类3l侧，治愈17侧，好转9侧，无效5侧。总治愈率为80．6％，有效率为95．5％。结论：对慢性鼻窦炎的手术治疗应因病因、病情不同，采用不同的手术方法，中鼻甲前端部分切除术对治疗慢性鼻窦炎具有重要作用。     

Audit‐derived guidelines for training in endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) – protecting patients during the learning curve

The objective of the present study is to propose guidelines to ensure safe practice in teaching centres while allowing endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) training to proceed. A prospective complications audit of ESS procedures was undertaken over a 5‐year period (January 1996–December 2000). The results have been used to form specific guidelines for safe and effective ESS training. A total of 500 patients underwent ESS during the 5‐year period. The senior author was the main surgeon in 55% of cases with the trainee observing or assisting. A supervised trainee was the main surgeon in 45% of cases. The overall complication rate was 1.2% (n = 6) (i.e. 0.7% for the 815 procedures performed). These were all minor complications. We encountered no major complications in 500 patients over the 5‐year period. This audit shows that training need not compromise patient safety provided it is phased and structured. We propose appropriate phases and suggest the minimum requirements for units involved in ESS training.