1990年全国疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年分析

研究通过对我国１９９０年疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年（Ｙｅａｒｓｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｉｆｃｌｏｓｔ，ＹＰＬＬ）分析，得出：在我国对１～６５岁的劳动力人口的健康危害最严重的七种死因为：意外死亡、肿瘤、呼吸系疾病、感染性疾病、心血管疾病、消化系疾病和脑血管疾病。男女之间、城乡之间均有明显差别。动态变化分析可见心、脑血管疾病的危害近年来有所减少，而呼吸系疾病的危害却大大增加。提示我们应当针对上述七种主要死因采取多方面预防保健措施，同时注意不同性别、不同地区人群各有侧重点，以期更有效地保护劳动力。     

维生素D_3与心肌细胞电活动关系的实验研究

本实验利用标准玻璃微电极技术和微机系统的实时应用,在离体豚鼠右心室乳头肌上观察维生素D_3对其细胞电活动的影响。结果表明维生素D_3可使心肌细胞动作电位和零相最大去极化速率发生明显改变,其变化主要是由于通过细胞膜慢通道有大量的Ca~(2+)内流,使细胞内Ca~(2+)超负荷来实现的。     

小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤71例病理分析

本文分析了1962年至1986年间的71例小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤的病理资料,该病占同期中枢神经系统肿瘤的16.6％。71例中,颅内肿瘤67例,椎管内肿瘤4例。颅内肿瘤中幕上38例,以星形细胞瘤多见,其次为先天性肿瘤。幕下29例以髓母细胞瘤多见,其次为星形细胞瘤。小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤以恶性居多,预后不佳。脑中线是肿瘤的好发区。     

Motor evoked responses recorded epidurally in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome

Summary The case of a 75-year-old man with Guillain-Barré syndrome is presented. By means of transcranial electrical stimulation and epidural recording at the spinal level L2-3, distinct potentials with a latency of 21ms were obtained when the patient was tetraplegic. At the same time electromyographic responses of the thenar and anterior tibial muscles were absent following both transcranial and peripheral nerve stimulation. The patient recovered partially within 4 weeks. It is concluded that epidurally recorded motor evoked responses allow electrophysiological assessment of the descending pathways even in severe cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and might contribute to a more accurate prediction of outcome.     

去细胞喉支架的制备及喉肌细胞再生的可行性研究

Objective To prepare a deeelhilarized whole laryngeal scaffold by utilizing a perfusion-decellularized technique, reseed cells on it, and construct recellularized laryngeal muscles. Methods Perfusion decelluarized larynxes were obtained by common carotid arterious perfusion with detergents. Then they were performed by macroscopic view, histological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cartilage viability. Decellularized laryngeal scaffold were then reseeded with inducted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Composites were transferred into greater omentums of rabbits after one day' s adherence and harvested after eight weeks. Macroscopic view, histological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results Perfusion larynxes became transparent after two hours. Histology and SEM indicated that perfnsion method shewed better deculluarized effect. More ventages and collagen fibers but no intact cell or anclei were retained in the decellularized martrix. Porosity measured by Image pro plus 6. 0 was 80. 4% ± 3.2% (x ± s). Chondrocyte vitality assay indicated chondrocyte vitality rate in the perfusion group was 86. 9% ± 1.5% . After eight weeks, vascularization formed and integrated cartilage frameworks still remained. Histological examination could clearly show the presence of muscle bundles and vessels. Immunohistoehemical examination indicated that sarcomeric-α actin expressed positively in corresponding areas. Conclusions It is feasible to reseed MSCs into the decellularized laryngeal muscle matrix for constructing tissue-engineered laryngeal muscles. This in vivo maturation into the omentum could be the first step before in situ implantation of the construct.     

Basic principles of immunology (immune response) for hemapheresis practitioners

Advances in medical knowledge and technology have identified the essential elements involved in the human immune system, their relationships and interactions, and offer more advanced concepts in the design, function, and maintenance of immune response. Immune response begins with the earliest progenitor cell and transfers its legacy of protection through white blood cells and the complement system. A basic understanding of immunology is essential to the hemapheresis practitioner as new treatment regimens requiring hemapheresis interventions develop. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

地塞米松对内毒素休克新生大鼠脑一氧化氮合成酶基因表达的调节

目的：探讨新生大鼠内毒素休克脑损伤时脑一氧化氮合成酶(NO6)三种亚型基因表达的变化及地塞米松(DEX)对其的调控作用。方法：在新生大鼠内毒素休克动物模型基础上，采用逆转录PCR及PCR技术，对脑组织中三型NOS mRNA及caspase—3 mRNA的表达进行半定量分析。结果：正常新生大鼠脑iNOS及eNOS mRNA无明显表达，nNOS mRNA、caspase—3 mRNA有一定程度表达。内毒素脂多糖(LPS)腹腔注射后2h，三种亚型NOS mRNA开始表达，于LPS6h达高峰，并持续至24h。caspase—3 mRNA于LPS腹腔注射后2h后表达逐渐增加，24h达高峰。DEX可抑制nNOS、iNOS及caspase—3 mRNA的表达，且以用药后2h最为明显，并持续至用药后24h。结论：内毒素休克脑损伤时，各型NOS均有表达，NO的产生是内毒素休克脑损伤时重要的病理生理机制之一。DEX通过抑制NOS、caspase—3 mRNA的表达部分实现其神经保护作用．     

BDNF基因修饰神经干细胞移植后大鼠脊髓损伤移植处的基因表达变化

目的：了解脑源性神经营养因子（Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）基因修饰神经干细胞移植到大鼠脊髓损伤处后的基因表达变化，为脊髓损伤修复提供基础研究资料。方法：大鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组，手术对照组，神经干细胞（Neural stem cells,NSCs）移植组，BDNF－NSCs移植组，各组分4个时相点（7d、1个月、2个月、3个月），利用细胞移植、X-gal组化、免疫组化、原位杂交等方法，观察了移植处细胞的标记基因（LacZ）表达和BDNF、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、神经丝－200（NF－200）的表达。结果：大鼠脊髓损伤移植处细胞中，有标记基因阳性细胞，BDNF强烈表达，尤其是BDNF－NSCs移植组的移植后1周和1个月时。各组各时相点均有GFAP和NF－200免疫反应阳性细胞和纤维。结论：BDNF基因修饰神经干细胞能在脊髓损伤移植处存活，强烈表达BDNF，BDNF基因修饰神经干细胞可以作为脊髓损伤修复的移植材料。     

Loss of constitutional heterozygosity in human astrocytomas

Summary Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes or anti-oncogenes as well as activation of dominant acting oncogenes seem to be important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of gliomas. We compared constitutional and tumoural genotypes at different restriction fragment length polymorphism loci (RFLP) on chromosomes 10 and 17 in 15 unrelated individualsLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) pointing to chromosomal loss or deletions was detected for at least one chromosme 17 marker in 11 gliomas (astrocytomas grades I–III and glioblastoma multiforme), whereas LOH for chromosome 10 loci was only detected in 3 out of 9 cases of glioblastoma multiforme and was not detected in low grade gliomas. Since LOH for chromosome 10 loci seems to be restricted only to glioblastoma multiforme, it is possible that recessive mutations on chromosome 10 are engaged in tumour progression from astrocytomas to glioblastoma multiforme. As LOH of chromosome 17 markers occurs in astrocytomas as in glioblastoma multiforme, chromosome 17 loci probably are involved in early tumour development.