406例儿童声阻抗测试

本文对406例儿童作声阻抗测试。测试结果,A 型鼓室图226例,其中124例声反射阈值在正常范围内,142例声反射阈值不是提高就是消失,占全部受检者的65.51%。B 型27例,占6.65%,其声反射全部消失。C 型83例和As 型29例,前者占20.44%,后者占7.14%,均发现少数几耳或某一频率,出现声反射阈值提高。作者认为,声阻抗测试在临床上只能作为听力学方面的一种重要的辅助诊断工具。     

Benefits and costs of universal hearing screening programme

Hearing loss affects 1-3 out of 1000 newborns. A programme of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was implemented in our ENT department in February 2000. In 2001, the programme was extended to all the hospitals of the canton Geneva. The programme is based on the recording of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) from all newborns. In addition, automated auditory brainstem responses (aABR) are recorded in high-risk neonates. In the report, we compare the mean age at which rehabilitation of hearing was undertaken during a 5-year period before and after the screening programme was instituted. We also identify some causes of delayed diagnosis and intervention and the pitfalls of universal hearing screening. The price of the UNHS programme is estimated at 26 Swiss francs (17 Euros; 21 US dollars) per infant screened, including the material required, the personal involved to run the programme, and the follow-up.     

Bell’s palsy workup:Does audiometry add value?

Objective:To investigate if routine audiometry in Bell’s palsy patients has prognostic value.Methods:Retrospective case review was conducted on all Bell’s palsy patients(n紏191)seen at the tertiary otolaryngology specialist outpatient clinic from 2015 to 2017.Correlation of ipsilesional audiometric thresholds with patients’time-to-recovery and initial clinical severity(measured by House-Brackmann(HB)scoring)were used for the prognostic outcome measure.Audiometry results were analyzed using three contiguous frequency pure-tone average(1kHz,2kHz,4kHz).Statistical analysis was done via Stata(v13.1),significance tests were 2-sided at 5%significance level.Results:There was no significant difference between audiometric thresholds between the ipsilesional ear and the contralateral ear(p=0.87).Time-to-recovery was significantly longer for patients with severe initial presentation as compared to mild and moderate severity(p<0.01).There was no correlation found between the audiometry results and HB score at presentation(p=0.39).There was no correlation found between ipsilesional audiometric thresholds and time-to-recovery(p=0.58).Conclusion:Our study suggests that routine audiometry has limited prognostic value in Bell’s palsy patients.     

Tinnitus and hearing survey: cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese

IntroductionHearing loss is associated with several comorbidities and may be frequently associated with tinnitus. When patients complain of both tinnitus and hearing difficulties in audiology and otolaryngology clinics, there, is often great difficulty separating the two complaints. The tinnitus and hearing survey was specially developed for this purpose to identify the main complaint and help direct the choice of appropriate intervention.ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the tinnitus and hearing survey for the Brazilian-Portuguese.MethodsSeventy patients who had previously completed a battery of audiological diagnostic exams were invited to complete the tinnitus and hearing survey and were categorized into four groups: normal hearing without tinnitus, normal hearing with tinnitus, hearing loss without tinnitus, and hearing loss with tinnitus. Cultural adaptation of tinnitus and hearing survey followed the steps indicated by Guillemin et al. (1993), including assessment of inter-researchers’ reproducibility, internal consistency, and reliability of the instrument.ResultsThere were no substantial changes to the content of the tinnitus and hearing survey questions, although a few adaptations were made to two-item sound tolerance section to facilitate participants’ understanding. Internal consistency and reliability tested by Cronbach’s α was considered good for all domains. The reproducibility of the tinnitus and hearing survey was measured by the Kappa coefficient at two different moments and agreement between evaluators 1 and 2 was considered almost perfect, indicating good reproducibility.ConclusionThe tinnitus and hearing survey was culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and analyzed for internal consistency, reliability, and reproducibility. Results support this questionnaire as a useful tool to help professionals differentiate the main complaint of the individual, allowing the choice of a more appropriate intervention.     

Use of a self-help book with weekly therapist contact to reduce tinnitus distress: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus distress can be reduced by means of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). To compensate for the shortage of CBT therapists, we aimed, in this study, to investigate the effects of a CBT-based self-help book guided by brief telephone support. METHODS: Seventy-two patients were randomized either to a self-help book and seven weekly phone calls or to a wait-list control condition, later on receiving the self-help book with less therapist support. The dropout rate was 7%. Follow-up data 1 year after completion of treatment were also collected (12% dropout). The Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) was the main outcome measure, complemented with daily ratings of tinnitus and measures of insomnia, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS: On the TRQ, significant reductions were found in the treatment group both immediately following treatment and at 1-year follow-up. In the treatment group, 32% reached the criteria for clinical significance (at least 50% reduction of the TRQ) compared to 5% in the wait-list group. Directly after treatment, two out of five measures showed significant differences in favor of the treatment with more therapist support compared with the group who, after their waiting period, received little therapist support. The self-help treatment was estimated to be 2.6 (seven phone calls) and 4.8 (one phone call) times as cost-effective as regular CBT group treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Guided self-help can serve as an alternative way to administer CBT for tinnitus. Preliminary results cast some doubts on the importance of weekly therapist contact. The effect size was somewhat smaller than for regular CBT, but on the other hand, the self-help seems far more cost-effective. Future studies should compare treatment modalities directly and explore cost-effectiveness more thoroughly.     

小儿行为测听技术的教学思考

听力学是发展迅速的交叉学科，小儿行为测听是其中最基本的听力检测技术，是系统化听觉功能评估中不可替代的评估方法，也是听力学专业学生应熟练掌握的重要技能。本文从听力学的教学实践和临床需求出发，阐述小儿行为测听技术的理论和实践，旨在为听力学教学工作提供指导，培养优质的听力学理论一临床复合型人才。     

我国30年听力学发展及其对高等教育的需求

随着我国听力语言康复事业的发展，听力学被越来越多的人所了解。本文主要对我国听力学近30年的发展历史进行了回顾，分析了我国听力学人才匮乏和听力学教育薄弱的现状，探讨如何更好地建立具有中国特色的听力学教育模式，培养复合型高技术听力学专业人才。     

国家助听器验配师体系下听力学本科教育探索

本文从我国助听器验配师体系要求出发，探讨了听力学人才培养的现状和挑战，总结了近年来在听力学教学中取得的经验，指出我国听力学人才培养模式应当与助听器验配师职业体系相互促进发展。     

256例腭裂患者临床听力学研究

目的通过对腭裂患者行畸变产物耳声发射(Distortion Product Oto-acoustic Emission,DPOAE)、声导抗测试(Acoustic Immittance Measurement,AIM)、听性脑干反应(Auditory Brainstem Response,ABR)研究,探讨这类患者临床听力学特点,以及性别、年龄、手术等因素对患者听力的影响。方法回顾分析256例腭裂患者(术前243例、术后13例)临床听力学数据。将术前2岁内患者174例按性别分为男、女组,所有术前者243例按年龄分为≤2岁组(A组)、>2岁≤6岁组(B组)、>6岁组(C组),术后≥5年者13例编为D组。DPOAE检查选择1818、2730、3616、5434Hz 4个频点有≥3个频点通过即为该耳通过。AIM以A型图为正常,其它类型均为异常。ABR阈值检查以能重复引出V波的最小刺激强度为ABR阈值,ABR阈值>35 dB nHL即为该耳异常。结果腭裂患者不同性别间DPOAE、AIM、ABR阈值无明显差异(P>0.05),A组DPOAE、AIM、ABR阈值较C组差异显著(P<0.05),A、B组DPOAE、ABR检查差异显著(P<0.05),AIM无明显差异(P>0.05),B、C组DPOAE差异显著(P<0.05),AIM、ABR阈值无明显差异(P>0.05)。C、D组年龄相仿,AIM、ABR检查示差异显著(P<0.05),A、B、C组DPOAE检查较ABR异常率高(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论腭裂患者不同性别间听力无明显差异,随着年龄的增长,腭裂患者听力呈自愈趋势,腭裂修复术能在一定程度上促进腭裂患者听力的恢复。DPOAE可以作为唇腭裂婴幼者听力检查的手段,但仍需进一步结合AIM及ABR检查,以明确听力损害水平及类型。