某集装箱制造企业职业病危害现状调查分析

目的了解集装箱制造企业职业病危害现状。方法采用职业流行病学方法对某集装箱制造企业进行职业病危害现状调查。结果2001～2004年噪声合格率为0%,2001～2003年粉尘合格率低(≤40%),经治理后,2005年工作场所检测点噪声强度合格率为19.15%;电焊烟尘浓度的合格率为85.0%;锰及锰化合物、苯及苯系物浓度的合格率为100%。累计诊断电焊工尘肺13例,发病年龄28.3～40.1岁,发病工龄4.83～14.33年,诊断职业性听力损伤9例,电光性眼炎129例次。结论电焊工尘肺、听力损伤、电光性眼炎是集装箱制造业主要的职业病,应采取有效措施,切实做好职业病预防工作。     

离子转运蛋白抑制-听觉实验研究NKCC1和Na,K-ATPase在耳蜗K+循环中的作用

目的通过离子转运蛋白抑制-听觉功能实验,探讨NKCC1和Na,K-ATPase在内耳K 循环及听觉中的作用,并验证耳蜗K 循环模式与听觉的关系。方法应用NKCC1抑制剂呋塞米(Furosemide)和Na,K-ATPase抑制剂乌巴因(Ouabain),对CBA/CaJ和Castel两种鼠系进行离子转运蛋白抑制-听觉实验,检测小鼠的听觉脑干反应(ABR)阈值。结果Furosemide 0.2 mg/g注射30 min后,小鼠的ABR阈值明显升高,与正常对照组比较差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。Ouabain 0.003μg/(g.d)连续注射5 d后,小鼠的ABR阈值也明显升高,与对照组相比较差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。而先后注射Ouabain和Furosemide,ABR阈值虽较正常对照组升高(P<0.05),但低于单独注射Ouabain组(P<0.05)和明显低于单独注射Furosemide组(P<0.01)。停药3 d后,小鼠的ABR阈值均恢复到接近正常对照组的阈值(均P>0.05)。结论在小鼠实体中验证了NKCC1和Na,K-ATPase是耳蜗K 循环的关键离子转运蛋白,其中任一功能失衡均可影响听觉功能。     

唇挡治疗乳牙早失间隙缩窄的临床应用

目的：探讨唇挡在乳牙早失间隙缩窄病例中的恢复间隙作用.方法：选取混合牙列时期下颌双侧第二乳磨牙早失,第一恒磨牙近中倾斜缺牙间隙缩窄病例20例.制作唇挡.一个月复诊以加力扩弓,测量间隙变化.结果：经唇挡坚持戴用9个月以上者,第一恒磨牙直立或远中移位,间隙得到恢复.平均戴用13.4个月,间隙平均增加了2.46 mm.结论：唇挡制作简单,便于操作,能够快速扩大下颌牙弓,是混合牙列时期恢复乳牙早失间隙缩窄的有效方法.     

A型肉毒毒素用于口角歪斜和鼻唇沟不对称的研究

目的在面瘫患者健侧部分面肌中注射A型肉毒毒素用以矫正口角歪斜和不对称的鼻唇沟,以满足美容的需要。方法将2001年1月￣2005年12月来在门诊和住院的部分面瘫患者作为观察对象,除对照组外治疗组分别在健侧面肌中注射A型肉毒毒素,依据注射剂量随机分为5个治疗组:A组(各肌注射1.25U)、B组(各肌注射2.50U)、C组(各肌注射5.00U)、D组(降、提口角肌和颧大、小肌各注射2.50U,笑肌注射5.00U)和E组(降、提口角肌和颧大、小肌各注射5.00U,笑肌注射2.50U),3d后定期观测每例患者双侧口角到门齿中缝的距离差。结果除A组外,各治疗组的口角歪斜和鼻唇沟不对称均得到不同程度的纠正,注射剂量越大起效越快,持续时间越长,但表情动作受到的影响也略大。结论根据口角歪斜和鼻唇沟不对称的程度,在健侧面肌注射相应剂量的A型肉毒毒素,既可以较好地纠正面瘫患者的口角歪斜和鼻唇沟的不对称,又可以避免并发症的发生。     

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. transcervical endometrial resection for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the acceptability, efficacy, adverse effects, and user satisfaction of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. METHOD: Of 50 women with a pictoral blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score of 100 or greater, 25 had a LNG-IUS inserted (Mirena; Schering, Berlin, Germany) and 25 underwent TCRE. Procedure-related complications, PBAC score, hemoglobin levels, adverse effects, and rates of acceptability and satisfaction were recorded at 3-month intervals for a period of 12 months. RESULTS: At the end of 1 year there were a 97% and a 94% reduction in menstrual blood loss in the LNG-IUS and TCRE groups, respectively, and hemoglobin concentration had increased by 5.5% in the LNG-IUS group and 5.2% in the TCRE group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups except for systemic effects, which were seen only in the LNG-IUS group. Satisfaction rates were about 80% in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Both treatments were found to be equally effective but LNG-IUS placement requires less operator skill and entails no operative hazards, and the device provides effective contraception.     

Dendritic and synaptic alterations of hippocampal pyramidal neurones in scrapie-infected mice

Neurone damage and eventual loss may underlie the clinical signs of disease in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Although neurone death appears to be through apoptosis, the trigger for this form of cell death in the TSEs is not known. Using two different murine scrapie models, hippocampal pyramidal cells were studied through microinjection of fluorescent dye, and synaptic integrity, using p38-immunoreactivity (p38-IR), both visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Intradendritic distensions and dendritic spine loss were found to co-localize to areas of vacuolar and prion protein pathology in the hippocampus of mice infected with ME7 or 87 V scrapie. A significant reduction in p38-IR was found concomitantly in the hippocampus in ME7 scrapie mice. These results indicate that both pre- and post-synaptic sites are altered by scrapie infection; this would disrupt neuronal circuitry and may initiate apoptotic cell death, giving rise to the neurological disturbances manifested in clinical TSE cases.     

基于健康寿命损失的事故伤残间接损失统计

事故一旦发生,往往造成人员伤亡和财产损失,事故伤亡不仅导致经济损失,而且导致人员健康寿命的损失。该文首次应用DALY(伤残调整寿命年)来计算2005年我国工矿商贸企业伤亡事故导致的伤残寿命损失,基于国家公布的2005年我国工矿商贸企业事故的基础数据,计算2005年因事故伤亡导致的健康寿命损失至少有3651862人年,折合成静态经济损失约878亿元。通过计算健康寿命损失可以从一个全新的角度发现事故所造成人员伤亡引起的间接损失,为全面分析事故损失,进一步完善事故人员赔偿提供了科学依据。     

Prediction of Hidden Blood Loss During Posterior Spinal Surgery

Objective Identification of the risk factors for extraordinary hidden blood loss (HBL) could clarify the underlying causes and provide more appropriate management. This study aims to identify the predictors of HBL in spinal surgery.     

上颌第三磨牙对第一磨牙近中移动影响的研究

目的探讨萌出中的上颌第三磨牙是否会使上颌第一磨牙向近中移动。方法选择18～24岁正畸患者18例,均拔除4颗第一前磨牙矫治,且随机拔除一侧上颌第三磨牙,两侧其余治疗条件保持一致。治疗3个月后观察两侧上颌第一磨牙近中移动量是否存在差异。结果1)拔除上颌第三磨牙的一侧,其上颌第一磨牙在治疗3个月后未发生明显的近中移动;2)未拔除上颌第三磨牙的一侧,其上颌第一磨牙在治疗3个月后的近中移动量为1mm;3)治疗3个月后,未拔除上颌第三磨牙侧的第一磨牙近中移动量大于拔除第三磨牙侧的第一磨牙的近中移动量,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在正畸治疗的初始阶段,若上颌第三磨牙的萌出间隙不足,其萌出会对其近中的上颌第一磨牙产生影响,导致其近中移动而丧失支抗。     

Cortical Atrophy Predicts Visual Performance in Long-Term Central Retinal Disease; GCL,pRNFL and Cortical Thickness Are Key Biomarkers

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess both retinal and cortical structure in a cohort of patients with long-term acquired central retinal disease in order to identify potential disease biomarkers and to explore the relationship between the anterior and posterior visual pathways.MethodsFourteen participants diagnosed with long-term central retinal disease underwent structural assessments of the retina using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, including macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visual cortex, including cortical volume of the entire occipital lobe and cortical thickness of the occipital pole and calcarine sulcus, representing the central and peripheral retina, respectively.ResultsMean thickness was significantly reduced in both the macular GCL and the inferior temporal pRNFL across patients. Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in both the occipital pole and calcarine sulcus, representing the central and peripheral retina, respectively. Disease duration significantly correlated with GCL thickness with a large effect size, whereas a medium effect size suggests the possibility that cortical thickness in the occipital pole may correlate with visual acuity.ConclusionsLong-term central retinal disease is associated with significant structural changes to both the retina and the brain. Exploratory analysis suggests that monitoring GCL thickness may be a sensitive biomarker of disease progression and reductions in visual cortical thickness may be associated with reduced visual acuity. Although this study is limited by its heterogeneous population, larger cohort studies would be needed to better establish some of the relationships detected between disease dependent structural properties of the anterior and posterior visual pathway given the effect sizes reported in our exploratory analysis.