间充质干细胞对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区突触素表达的影响

目的 观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对血管性痴呆(VaD)模型大鼠空间学习记忆功能及海马CA1区突触素(SYN)表达的影响.方法 体外分离、扩增大鼠骨髓MSCs,并用BrdU标记.双侧颈总动脉结扎法(2-VO)制备VaD模型.将经过Y-迷宫筛选的大鼠随机分为A、B、C 3组.MSCs移植组(A组)于2-VO后4周尾静脉注射MSCs;对照组(B组)注射同等剂量的PBS;假手术组(C组)暴露双侧颈总动脉但不结扎,不进行尾静脉注射.Y-迷宫实验检测大鼠的空间学习记忆功能;免疫荧光染色观察MSCs注射后4周大鼠海马区BrdU标记细胞;免疫组化染色观察海马CA1区SYN表达的变化.结果 MSCs移植后4周A组大鼠海马区可见荧光标记的MSCs;A组大鼠Y-迷宫作业成绩错误次数(EN)为(7.39±0.68)次,较B组[(12.25±0.77)次]明显减少,差异有显著性(t=4.86,P＜0.05),全天总反应时间(TRT)为(348.94±27.92)s,较B组[(542.22±30.27)s]明显缩短,差异有显著性(t=193.28,P＜0.05);A组大鼠SYN光密度值(OD)为(0.284±0.041),较B组(0.093±0.036)显著增加(t=0.191,P＜0.05).结论 静脉移植MSCs使VaD大鼠空间学习记忆能力改善并使海马CA1区SYN表达增加.     

SHH基因转染BMMSC心肌移植对大鼠心肌梗死后血管新生的影响

目的探讨SHH（Sonic hedgehog）基因转染的骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSCSHH）移植对大鼠心肌梗死区移植部位血管再生的影响。方法密度梯度离心法及贴壁培养获得BMMSC后,电转染法将SHH基因转入骨髓间充质干细胞。以结扎法制备大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,将实验动物200只大鼠按随机数字表法分5组,每组40只;分别在梗死与正常交界部位移植BMMSCSHH（转染组）、等量的BMMSC（细胞组）、pcDNA3．1-ShhDNA（基因组）、BMMSC和pcDNA3．1-ShhDNA的混合物（混合组）、等容积的低糖DMEM培养基（对照组）。于移植后第8周取正常心肌与心肌梗死交界区组织标本行免疫组化染色标记血管,通过血管密度分析法分析各组间交界区血管密度差异。结果经CD34免疫组化染色后行血管密度分析显示：转染组（36．48±5．22）较对照组（16．71±3．41）血管密度增加（P〈0．01）;较细胞组（29．46±2．27）、基因组（28．78±2．91）及混合组（29．55±4．55）血管密度增加（P〈0．05）。结论BMMSCSHH移植能有效表达目的基因、促进心肌梗死后血管新生,为缺血性心脏病的细胞转基因治疗提供理论依据。     

肠内营养与激素治疗对儿童克罗恩病的疗效对比研究

目的比较肠内营养（EN）与激素对儿童活动期克罗恩病（CD）的临床指标和肠黏膜愈合方面的治疗效果,探讨EN治疗儿童CD的应用价值。方法将本院2012年7月-2014年1月确诊为活动期CD的患儿,依据治疗方式的不同将患儿随机分为肠内营养治疗组（EN组）和激素治疗组（激素组）,观察对比CD患儿在0、2、4、6、8、10、12周的各项临床检测指标变化,并通过内镜及组织学检查观察对比CD患儿在0、12周时的肠黏膜炎症改变。结果（1）共48例CD患儿入组,EN组25例,激素组23例,两组患儿的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性;（2）治疗结束（12周）时,EN组的临床缓解率为80％（20／25）,激素组为82．6％（19／23）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）治疗后EN组的内镜下缓解率为72％（18／25）,显著高于激素组的34．8％（8／23）（P〈0．05）;EN组的组织学缓解率为60％（15／25）,也显著高于激索组的26．1％（6／23）（P〈0．01）。结论EN是治疗儿童活动期CD的一种有效方法,在诱导黏膜愈合方面较激素治疗更为有效。     

新生儿足跟血采集的护理体会

目的：提高新生儿疾病的筛查率,提高采血成功率和标本质量,确保筛查准确率。方法：对出生72 h的新生儿应用无菌技术采集足跟末梢血,将血吸于干净标准滤纸上,采集34个直径〉8 mm的血斑,把滤纸血卡送至新生儿疾病筛查中心,通过实验查出危害严重的先天性代谢疾病,并对健康宣教、采血前的准备、足跟血采集技巧、护理注意事项、人员培训、制度规范管理等方面进行总结。结果：20032010年共取采血标本20 327例,不合格230例,采血标本合格率为98.8%。结论：认真进行采血前准备,正确进行血标本采集,严格做好各项细节化管理,才能确保疾病筛查质量,减轻新生儿的痛苦。     

乌司他丁和肿瘤坏死因子α抗体预防术后腹腔粘连实验研究

目的研究乌司他丁和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)抗体预防小鼠术后腹腔粘连的能力.方法以BALB/c小鼠为动物模型,120只BALB/c小鼠随机分成四组生理盐水对照组,乌司他丁治疗组,TNFα抗体治疗组,乌司他丁联合TNFα抗体治疗组,经过同一标准的腹腔损伤手术后,分别在关腹膜腔内灌注生理盐水及乌司他丁和相应抗体.术后20d将小鼠处死,观察腹腔内粘连的情况,通过对粘连的程度、位置以及粘连类型的综合评价得出粘连分数.结果乌司他丁联合TNFα抗体治疗组的平均粘连分数和2～3级粘连发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),无1例小鼠出现腹壁切口疝.结论乌司他丁和TNFα抗体能够预防术后腹腔粘连形成.     

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A unique case of chronic disease with atypical features

We present a unique case of diffusely extensive Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Typically affecting the peripheral nervous system and manifesting with muscle weakness, breakdown or paresthesia, we present a case that additionally demonstrates; cranial nerve involvement, central nervous system parenchymal lesions, and chronic osseous remodeling of the nerve tracts. Cranial nerve involvement to this extent has only been described in one other case report to our knowledge. Central nervous system parenchymal lesions are extremely rare in CIDP and no discrete discussion about osseous remodeling has been presented, thus far, in the literature. The findings illustrated in this case may spur further understanding of imaging characteristics most associated with chronic CIDP disease and care measures that could help stratify patients most at risk for severe symptomologies.     

Medicalización de la vida en la consulta: ¿hacia dónde caminamos?

The power of medicine has lately enhanced the idea of medicalizing any aspects of life that can be perceived as medical problems. Medicine sometimes creates false needs and there is nowadays an increasing number of situations are medicalized with the pretext of treating fake diseases such as spring fatigue, shyness o natural biological processes like menopause.Despite the better life conditions, we now attend more people that complain about discomfort that may have more to do with «feeling sick» than with authentic disease. There is an endless list: sadness, hyperactive children, anorexia, bulimia, vigorexia or problematic teenagers, amongst others. In this article we revise some interventions that, contribute to promote these situations also from the own doctor's office. Everyday adversity acquires today the status of disease, hence the remarkable increase in these consultations in the diverse sanitary services.     

Home Care of the Frail Elderly in the United Kingdom:

The paper reports the essential featurcs and evaluation of a scheme to improve the cffcctiveness of home care for the frail elderly. Decisions about resource allocation were devolved to front line social work staff, giving them greater autonomy within clear expenditure parameters. More imaginative responses were noted in the management of a number of difficult problems and the results of the evaluation were generally positive. It appeared that the scheme was most cost-effective for the extremely mentally and physically frail living with others and also for the less frail, socially isolated, depressed elderly person.     

Autoantibodies to Human Tissue Transglutaminase: Superior Predictors of Coeliac Disease

Background: Using selected sample populations, we compared sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to guinea pig and human tissue transglutaminase to assess if the human antigen is superior for predicting coeliac disease. Methods: Four commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kits using human tissue transglutaminase as antigen were used to measure autoantibody levels in serum samples from untreated adult coeliacs ( n = 32). They were from a series of 130 cases diagnosed between 1997 and 1999 and chosen to bias the group towards subjects with negative autoantibodies when measured with guinea pig tissue transglutaminase as antigen. Samples from 38 control subjects (biased towards false-positive levels with guinea pig antigen) were used to compare specificity. We also assessed if human antigen kits could differentiate between levels in normal subjects and in selective IgA deficiency. Results: Sensitivity for coeliac disease in this selected group using the human antigen kits ranged from 88% to 100%. Three kits showed significantly higher specificity (82%-97%, P < 0.05) than the guinea pig antigen kit (71%) for the samples studied. No kit achieved complete separation between normal autoantibody levels and lower levels in selective IgA deficiency. Conclusions: All human antigen kits showed significantly higher sensitivity for coeliac disease compared to guinea pig antigen ( P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed the superior diagnostic accuracy of the human antigen kits.     

Reducing Psychological Distress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment: Exploratory Study of Effectiveness

Background: This prospective study aimed to determine whether cognitive-behavioural group treatment accompanying medical standard care is effective in reducing psychological distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis completed the treatment programme. Psychological treatment consisting of 12 weekly sessions was conducted in a group setting. Medical and psychometric assessments were taken at the beginning of the 3-month pretreatment waiting period, at pretreatment, at post-treatment and at the 3, 6 and 9-month follow-ups. Results: During baseline, no change was observed in psychological distress. Disease-related worries and concerns decreased significantly from pretreatment to the follow-ups. The disease groups differed in the decline of concerns between pre- and post-treatment, with a significant reduction of concerns in patients with ulcerative colitis but not Crohn disease. This difference did not occur at the follow-ups, indicating long-term improvement for both disease groups. Depressive coping decreased significantly in women and remained stable at the follow-ups, whereas depressive coping did not change in men. The same gender difference was found for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The exploratory findings suggest that psychological group treatment for outpatients is a feasible and effective approach for the short- and long-term reduction of psychological distress for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the revealed gender differences on coping and depression might indicate the necessity to consider gender-specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease when designing and evaluating psychological interventions.