青少年自愿戒毒者的特征及治疗对策

目的:了解青少年自愿戒毒者的特征,充分发挥戒毒机构在禁吸戒毒中的作用.方法:以2000年9月-2004年3月收治的3 035例自愿戒毒者的病案为原始资料,采用自行设计的项目进行统计分析.结果:本期收治的病例具有青少年男性、低文化程度、无业闲散人员占多数等人口学特征.吸毒类别以海洛因为主(97.24%)有多药滥用趋势.再次住院率约为33.31%.结论:充分发挥自愿戒毒机构的作用,对青少年加强禁吸戒毒宣传教育.     

不同性别对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具治疗生存质量评价的影响

目的：检测男女性别不同对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者支具治疗生存质量评价的影响。方法：将87例支具治疗AIS患者分为2组,男性41例,女性46例,平均随访时间2.5年。2组患者在年龄、随访时间、支具治疗类型、主弯所在节段、以及支具治疗前、治疗后cobb角和Risser征等比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,87例患者均填写脊柱侧凸研究会患者问卷-22（SRS-22）量表,比较2组间量表单个维度和单个条目得分的差别。结果：女性治疗满意度维度得分高于男性（P〈0.05）,女性自我形象/外观维度得分也高于男性（P〈0.05）;其中自我形象/外观维度的条目4、6、10,以及治疗满意度维度的条目22的得分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但2组功能/活动度、疼痛和精神健康维度的得分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：性别不同会影响AIS患者支具治疗生存质量的评测结果,评测患者生存质量时需考虑此因素影响。     

Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast,but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized,parallel-group,controlled trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAdolescents who skip breakfast have an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the intake of rice-based breakfast had positive effects on blood glucose indices and to determine the possibility of diabetes prevalence in Korean youths who habitually skip breakfast.SUBJECTS/METHODSIn this randomized parallel-group controlled trial, 81 subjects who were suitable for compliance among 105 middle-and high-school students aged 12-18 years who usually skipped breakfast were included in this study (rice-meal group [RMG], n = 26; wheat-meal group [WMG], n = 29; general-meal group [GMG], n = 26). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and a wheat-based breakfast for 12 weeks, respectively. The anthropometric indices, blood glucose indices, and metabolites were measured at baseline and the endpoint, respectively.RESULTSThe mean body weights in the RMG, WMG, and GMG groups at the endpoint were 62.44 kg, 61.80 kg, and 60.28 kg, respectively, and the mean body weights of the WMG and GMG groups at the endpoint were significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.05). The levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly decreased in the RMG group at the endpoint compared to baseline (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The levels of tryptophan and tyrosine in the WMG group at the endpoint were significantly higher than that those at baseline (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONSRice-based breakfast has positive effects on fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast. Additionally, it was found that a skipping breakfast could increase the prevalence of diabetes in adolescents who skip breakfast. Therefore, in addition to reducing breakfast skipping, it is vital to develop a rice-based menu that fits teenage preferences to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0004089     

加速康复外科理念在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸围术期的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)病人中的应用效果.方法 收集2016年1月至2020年12月在我院接受AIS手术治疗的138例病人的病例资料.将2016年1月至2018年6月给予常规围术期管理措施的69例病人纳入对照组,2018年7月至2020年12月进行ERAS理念管理的69...     

青少年鼻咽癌治疗现状

鼻咽癌(NPC)是一种起源于鼻咽部上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤,是青少年人群头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。青少年鼻咽癌的治疗通常参照成人治疗指南,但是青少年鼻咽癌有其自身的临床特点。对于处于发育阶段的青少年患者来说,治疗的晚期不良反应也不可忽视。寻找适合青少年的治疗方案具有重要意义。本文对青少年鼻咽癌的流行病学、临床特点、治疗现状...     

Adolescent binge drinking and risky health behaviours: Findings from northern Russia

Background

Some evidence suggests that in recent years the prevalence of heavy drinking has increased among Russian adolescents. However, as yet, little is known about either heavy alcohol consumption or its relationship with other adolescent health risk behaviours in Russia. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the association between binge drinking and health risk behaviours among adolescents in Russia.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA), a survey carried out in Arkhangelsk, Russia in 2003. Information was obtained from a representative sample of 2868 adolescents aged 13–17 regarding the prevalence and frequency of binge drinking (five or more drinks in a row in a couple of hours) and different forms of substance use, risky sexual behaviour and violent behaviour. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between binge drinking and adolescent involvement in various health risk behaviours.

Results

Adolescent binge drinking was associated with the occurrence of every type of health risk behaviour – with the sole exception of non-condom use during last sex. In addition, there was a strong association between the number of days on which binge drinking occurred and the prevalence of many health risk behaviours.

Conclusions

Binge drinking is associated with a variety of health risk behaviours among adolescents in Russia. Public health interventions such as reducing the affordability and accessibility of alcohol are now needed to reduce binge drinking and its harmful effects on adolescent well-being.     

听觉障碍青少年群体认同特点研究

目的 探讨听觉障碍青少年的群体认同特点.方法 对79名听觉障碍青少年和76名健听青少年实施<群体认同问卷>调查.采用验证性因素分析考察问卷的信度和效度指标;采用相关分析考察群体认同不同成分之间的关系,采用方差分析比较听觉障碍青少年和健听青少年在群体认同上的差异.结果 除了群体评价部分,<群体认同问卷>应用于听觉障碍青少年具有较好的信度和效度;性别、年级对听觉障碍青少年群体认同没有显著性影响;听觉障碍青少年的群体认同成分之间存在着极其显著的相关;在群体认知、情感投入和群体评价上,听觉障碍青少年显著低于健听青少年,在体验承诺上两者不存在显著性差异.结论 需要通过心理健康教育等措施提高听觉障碍青少年的群体认同水平.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间儿童和青少年的心理行为问题:Scoping综述北大核心CSCD

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行期间儿童和青少年的心理行为问题及影响因素,为相关问题的防治提供参考依据。方法检索中国知网、万方知识数据服务平台、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,采用主题检索方式,检索时间为建库至2022年3月31日,提取相关文献数据进行Scoping综述。结果共检索到文献3951篇,最终纳入35篇,来自12个国家,多数文献来源于儿科学、精神病学、心理学及流行病学相关主题期刊,研究方法大多数采用横断面调查研究。儿童和青少年的心理行为问题主要包括抑郁/焦虑/压力、睡眠问题、网络行为问题、创伤后应激障碍和自伤/自杀5种。影响因素分别从社会人口学特征、生活方式的改变和COVID-19的应对方式3个方面进行分析。结论COVID-19流行期间,国内外儿童和青少年的心理行为问题形势严峻,未来可以通过相关影响因素进一步开展调查研究来改善相关心理行为问题。     

推拿手法加牵引治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的:探讨推拿手法加牵引矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:采用推拿手法加牵引治疗38例轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形,本组男11例,女27例,年龄最小12岁,最大19岁,平均14.5岁。Cobb角11°～20°27例,21°～30°11例。结果:治愈15例,显效9例,好转8例,无效6例。结论:推拿手法加牵引治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形有明显的治疗效果,具有不影响正常活动,无合并症等优点。