小知识（7）

斑釉指数(index of dental fluorosis)评估地区氟斑牙流行程度的指标。氟斑牙以Dean氏分类法为基础,把氟斑牙发生频率与程度结合起来,其公式为:斑釉指数=正常例数×0.5 极轻例数×1 受轻检度查例例数数×2 中度例数×3 重度例数×4以指数评估流行程度的标准为:0~0.4为阴性;0.4~0.6为边缘线;0.6~1为轻微;1~2为中等;2~3为较显著;3~4为显著或极显著。小知识(7)     

功能性内镜鼻窦手术后鼻黏膜纤毛转归的研究

功能性内窥镜鼻窦外科手术(FESS)已经成为治疗慢性鼻窦炎的主要手术方法,但仍需要客观的、特别是量化的证据来证明FESS后鼻黏膜纤毛功能得到恢复。我们对近年来有关FESS后鼻黏膜组织形态学、鼻黏膜纤毛功能转归的研究报道作一综述。     

脑梗死患者组织因子途径抑制物C-399T多态性

组织因子途径抑制物（TFPI）是外源性凝血途径起始步骤的生理性抗凝物质，在调节血栓形成、抑制溶栓后血管再闭塞等方面具有重要作用。近年研究表明TFPIC-399T基因多态性与静脉血栓形成无关，但与动脉血栓性疾病的关系仍有争论，且不同人种TFPIC-399T的分布频率不同。为了研究TFPIC-399T多态性在中国人群中的分布频率及其与脑梗死（Cerebral Infarction，CI）之间的可能联系，我们分析了部分CI患者及正常人的TFPIC-399T等位基因的变异情况及血浆总TFPI抗原浓度，现报道如下。     

连台手术病人的安全护理

护理安全是指在实施护理的全过程中,患者不发生法律和法定的规章制度允许范围以外的心理、机体结构或功能上的损害、障碍或死亡[1].手术室护理安全是护理管理的重点,是护理质量的重要标志之一.随着现代手术室的使用,连台手术频率和手术强度也有随之增加.紧张繁忙的护理工作中,存在着诸多安全隐患,稍有不慎,就有可能造成严重后果.为加强管理,防止或减少护理纠纷的发生,我院结合实际情况,分析了连台手术所存在的各种风险因素,并制定相应的护理对策,现总结如下:     

Evaluating therapeutic outcome in epileptic patients using the changes of interval and duration

BACKGROUND: Seizure frequency is in abnormal distribution, and it is not enough to express the trend of concentration using means, and its median loses a lot of information, thus it lacks of a standard for evaluating the therapeutic effects based on seizure frequency. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for evaluating the therapeutic effects on anti-epileptic drugs using changes of interval and duration of seizure. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients and inpatients suffering from epilepsy attending firstly visited Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital from June 2001 to June 2002 were enrolled. They were diagnosed as epileptic according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizure by International League Against Epilepsy (1981) based on the clinical history, physical examination, and investigations. The interval time was no more than 6 months. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects, and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. METHODS: ① For the first visit and each follow-up, the following data were recorded, including general demographic information, seizure type, the date and time of ictus, the duration of ictus, and inducement or situation related, according to which the following indexes could be calculated, including seizure styles, interval, duration, cluster frequency and cluster duration. The information from the first review was noted as annals A. The second interview was taken at the end of the evaluating period; the information from the second review was noted as annals B. The third interview was taken within two weeks after the second one; the information from the third review was noted as annals C. The annals B or the annals C were respectively compared with the annals A in the light of the same types or the same styles of the same patient. Summation of the scores of interval change and duration change of the same type or the same style and 5 of basic score was the score of a corresponding seizure type or a corresponding style of one patient. In order to test its reliability and validity, the score of change of frequency or duration plus 5 scores respectively was the score of frequency or duration. ② Reliability and validity were tested by calculating corresponding correlation coefficient with SPSS 11.0. ROC curve was used for developing diagnostic criterion of predicting therapeutic effects with SPSS 11.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Reliability and validity; ② Diagnostic criterion for predicting therapeutic effects one year later. RESULTS: Totally 28 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Reliability and validity were high: rinter-rater=0.98, rtest-retest=0.99, rconstruct validity=0.83. ② A total score > 6 was the optimal diagnostic criteria for predicting therapeutic effects one year later, in other words, a patient who scored more than 6 at the evaluating period may be seizure-free one year later. CONCLUSION: It is a potential tool for evaluating epileptic therapeutic outcome, and it can be diffusely used in interrelated fields after being further validated.     

子宫全切术对性生活的影响

为探讨不同术式子宫全切对性生活的影响 ,本文对 2 0 3例患者进行了分析 ,现将结果报告如下。对象随机选取 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月在我院因良性疾病行子宫全切术加一侧附件切除术的病人 2 0 3例 ,平均年龄 42 .3 5岁 ( 2 5～ 5 0岁 )将其中未婚 1例 ,术前离婚 5例排除后 ,入选病人 197例。其中因子宫肌瘤手术者 14 5例 ,子宫腺肌瘤者 45例 ,附件及其他原因者 7例。方法在医院驻地社区通过问卷式调查 ,在病人术后半年左右进行逐一随访。调查内容包括 :手术前后的性欲望、性生活频率、性质量满意度 ,对子宫全切术的理解 ,对未来夫妻…     

定量脑电图适宜采样时间的选取

定量分析脑电图(EEG)时的采样时间以多么长为宜,众说不一。笔者通过分析不同时间枕区主频段的频率和功率,探讨定量EEG最佳采样时间。 1 对象和方法 受试者38人,均为健康者,男29人,女9人。年龄18～49岁。应用日本光电ME-17脑电仪与国产DYD-500型脑地形图仪。按常规EEG检查方法,采集单极导联,采样总时间160s,采样频率100Hz,分析精度±0.15 Hz。选用6s、30s、60s、90s、120s、150s 6种不同时间段的脑电作EEG枕区功率谱主频段的频率和功率分析。     

安徽人群St14/Taq I RFLPs的研究

作者为寻找FⅧ基因的遗传标记,应用Southern印迹法对安徽人群的Stl4/Taq I RFLPs进行研究。结果表明:在59条无血缘关系的X染色体中,第1、2二个多态系统的等位基因频率分别为:1(5%),4(5%),5~6(15%),7(27%),8(47%),α(47%),β(53%)。总的杂合频率为82%。提示:此RFLPs对甲型血友病的连锁分析非常有用。     

上海市卢湾区部分医院X-CT诊断医疗照射频率分析

目的了解我区部分医院X—CT检查占所有放射检查的比例，并分析2002至2004年X-CT各部位阳性检出率。方法分析X-CT诊断医疗照射频率的调查资料。结果CT检查占所有放射检查的比例为23．04％；除个别部位外，大部分阳性检出率均有所提高。结论X—CT检查的频率应予以控制，通过质控提高阳性检出率。