发挥词典助手作用提高英语读写能力

词典是收集词语加以解释并供查阅参考的工具书,它的作用众所周知.无论是英汉词典、汉英词典,还是英英词典,都是英语爱好者特别是广大自学者不可缺少的好助手.利用词典是一门学问,在长期的英语学习和教学实践中,笔者总结出一套科学利用词典、提高读写能力的成功作法,取得了较好成效.     

Effect comparison between sacral blocking and massage combined with traction on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc

Background:Epidural injection is an important method in treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.Especially in the recent decade sacral injection is adopted more and more often.Objective:To compare the clinical effects of sacral blocking and massage combined with traction.Unit:Yinhe Hospital of Beijing.Subjects:290 outpatients with grade Ⅱ of ASAI were selected from May,1994 to July,2000.Patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=145)and control group(n=145).Sacral blocking was adopted in observation group and 80 males and 65 females aged 20-78(mean:46.4)years old were included with disease course 3 days to 30 years.Massage combined with treaction was adopted in control group and 74 males and 71 females aged 22-74(mean:44.9)years oled were inmcluded with disease course 2 days to 10 years.Interention:Sacral blocking:Operation was according to sacral blocking and druge(dexamethasone injection,2 mg;0.75% bupivavaine hydrochloride,5 ml;saline,50ml) were injected slowly after success of puncture.Patient rested for 0.5h after injection and left treatment room if no adverse effects occurred.Massage combined with traction:Massage was adopted after traction to every patients.(1)Massage:Patient was seated at square stool and lower limbs separated naturally with same width of shoulders.Doctors sit behind patient.First,thubs of both hands were pressed on projecting part near spinous process(pressing points were selected according to different projecting part).Flexing and extending forward and backward were taken at the same time and extent was ddecided addording to patients‘ maximal endurable degree,5-10 timmes.Upper part of body was turned 45 degrees to left and right.Massage was still taken to affected part,3-t times.(2)Traction:Pelvis was extracted with general physical therapy and massage table.Supine position,chest and treaction bandage were fixed,tractiron wheel was turned slowly until patient felt comfortable with maximal endurance as limit(traction force,20-40kg),After extracting for 5 minutes,massagee switch was turned on to take rolling massage to bck and both lower libmbs.Traction force was increased every5 minutes and limit was still according to patient‘s maximal endurance,30 minutes for every time,once a day and ten times as a therapeutic course.Cohclusion:Effect of sacral blocking on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc was positive and fewer therapeutic time were needed.Massage combined with traction was also effective,safe and no adverse effects wer observed,but more therapeutic times were neeeded and inconveinient.     

如何确保护理记录的法律凭证作用

目的分析目前护理记录存在的影响其法律凭证作用的问题，以便更好的避免和减少医疗纠纷。方法通过护理记录质量管理三级监控，对护理记录存在的问题进行全面的探索和总结。结果找出这些问题，有利于护理记录的进一步完善，促进护士工作态度、法律意识乃至护理记录质量的提高。结论应重视护理记录的法律凭证作用。     

语言在护患沟通中的作用

沟通是指将某一信息传递给客体或对象，以期取得客体做出相应效果的过程，而沟通离不开语言。护理语言是指在护理过程中，护理人员与患者交流时所使用的语言，事实证明医护人员的表情、行为（肢体语言）与言语（用于传递信息）是影响患者心理的重要社会性因素。     

萘普生栓与宫颈阻滞麻醉在宫腔镜检查术中的应用

目的观察萘普生栓及宫颈阻滞麻醉在宫腔镜检查中的作用。方法将122例门诊接受宫腔镜检查患者分为三组。萘普生栓组44例,宫颈阻滞麻醉组38例,对照组40例。结果宫颈管松弛满意度：萘普生栓组〉宫颈阻滞麻醉组〉对照组;术中镇痛效果：萘普生栓组与宫颈阻滞麻醉组无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,均优于对照组;手术时间：萘普生栓组〈宫颈阻滞麻醉组〈对照组。结论萘普生栓与宫颈阻滞麻醉在宫腔镜检查中对宫颈扩张以及镇痛均有良好作用,普生栓在松弛宫颈作用上更具有优势。     

西地那非与利钠肽对肾功能的作用

5型磷酸二酯酶广泛存在于肾脏和血管,近来还被发现存在于心脏中。西地那非是一种5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,临床上广泛用于勃起功能障碍的治疗;脑利钠肽为一心源性产物,可扩张血管、舒张心脏、并有利尿作用,两者均通过环鸟嘌呤核苷酸起作用。因此临床中,设想通过加强肾性环鸟嘌呤核苷酸,5型磷酸二酯酶的慢性抑制可提高外源性脑利钠肽的肾性作用。为此,Chen HH等人进行了一项研究,在两组依靠起博诱导的慢性心衰狗中,     

妇科腹部术后护理体会

妇科腹部手术后的护理非常重要,如能密切观察和记录病情变化,及时发现问题,配合医生的检查,做到及时处理,采取多种护理措施,减轻病人的痛苦和不适,使尽快恢复健康,有预见性地防止各种术后可能出现的并发症,帮助病人解决术后暂时困难,对妇科腹部病术后康复出院,起到重要作用.     

中医药宝库中的珍品——灵芝

古今关于灵芝的喜欢说往往是迷信伴随着许多美丽的故事在明间广泛流传近千年。人们将灵芝奉为"神草"、"仙草",大有起死回生之效;有将获得灵芝是"祥瑞"、"吉祥如意"