79例慢性鼻窦炎鼻内窥镜术治疗的疗效观察

目的:探讨鼻内窥镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果。方法:采用Messerklinger术式对79例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行治疗。结果:患者总体嗅觉水平术后3次检测结果与术前均有统计学差异。结论:手术后4周内患者嗅觉功能较术前即有明显改善,术后1个月~6个月嗅觉变化不明显。     

Influences of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats

Objective: To observe whether offactory ensheathing cells could be used to promote axonal regeneration in a slmntaneously nonregenerating system. Methods: After laminectomy at the lower thoracic level, the spinal cords of adult rats were exposed and completely transected at T10. A suspension of ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site in 12 adult rats, and control D/F-12 (1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham‘s F-12) was injected in 12 adult rats. Six weeks and ten weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were evaluated by climbing test and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring. The samples were procured and studied with histologiel and immounohistochemical methods. Results: At the 6th week after cell transplantation,d the rats in both the transplanted and control groups were paraplegic and the MEPs could not be recorded. At the 10th week after cell transplantation, of 7 rats in the control group, 2 rats had muscles‘ contraction of the lower extremities, 2 rats had hips and/or knees‘ active movement; and 5 rats‘ MEPs could be recorded in the hind limbs in the transplanted group ( n = 7). None of the rats in the control group had functional improvement and no MEPs recorded ( n = 7 ). Numerous regenerating axons were observed through the transplantation and continued to regenerate into the denervated host tract. Cell labelling using anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (anti-NGFR) indicated that the regenerated axons were derived from the appropriate neuronal source and that donor cells migrated into the denervated host tract. But axonal degeneration existed and regenerating axons were not observed within the spinalcords of the adult rats with only D/F-12 injection. Conclusions: The axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is possible after eusheathing cells transplantation.     

嗅觉神经系统识别机制模型研究进展

相对人体其他的感觉系统,嗅觉神经系统是目前人们了解得较少的感觉神经系统.近来的科学研究表明,对复杂的嗅觉系统的研究有助于人们了解人体整个感觉系统的工作原理.本文以嗅觉神经系统的时空编码和解码机制研究为重点,介绍了近年来国际上广泛研究的、基于嗅觉生理解剖基础之上的嗅觉神经系统识别机制模型的研究工作.最后,结合我们目前的研究工作对嗅觉系统识别模型研究的发展进行了展望.     

鼻中隔黏膜囊肿1例

1病例报告 患者,男,38岁。因右侧鼻腔通气不畅,嗅觉减退,头痛,偶伴涕中带血1年余,于2008年1月16日入院。患者于2007年12月因鼻塞、头痛在当地医院诊治,诊断为鼻息肉,经药物治疗半个月无效,而转入我院。我院门诊拟鼻腔肿物（性质待查）收入住院。入院后行前鼻镜及鼻咽喉镜检查，发现肿物位于鼻中隔与中鼻甲中后段．后鼻孔及鼻咽部未见异常。     

人的嗅觉是如何产生的

人的嗅觉可能已大大退化，因为人的生存并不特别依赖于嗅觉。昆虫和动物的嗅觉就比人类灵敏得多，例如：雄蚕蛾在3千米远处就能嗅到雌蚕蛾的气味——即使只有几个分子飘来。而人类不必依靠嗅觉来觅食和求偶，大多数人的嗅觉都能满足生存的需要。人们有时甚至会嫌嗅觉太灵敏了，因为只要有一丝臭鼬的特殊气味飘过，多数人就会闻得到，这并不会给人带来享受。     

苯作业男工色觉、嗅觉和视觉功能检查分析

目的 探讨苯作业对男性工人色觉、嗅觉损伤和对视觉运动反应时的影响。方法 选取67名苯作业工人和37名对照组工人作为研究对象。色觉采用色盲图谱进行测试。嗅觉采用多试管分装有挥发性液体进行检测。用视觉运动反应时测定手眼协调运动反应时间。结果 接触组与对照组相比,色觉差异无显著性(P>0.05),嗅觉异常检出率高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 苯对作业工人嗅觉和视觉神经反射系统有一定影响。     

外用中药散剂治疗鼻息肉

鼻息肉多为变态反应和鼻窦慢性发炎引起鼻黏膜水肿的结果，常两侧同时发生。早期症状不明显，息肉长大时，阻塞鼻道出现鼻塞、嗅觉减退等症状，说话带鼻音，鼻涕增多，如息肉继续增长可完全填满鼻腔，甚至将鼻骨向外推出，改变鼻的外形。对本病的一般治疗方法是手术切除，不愿手术切除者，可试用水蛭牙皂散给予治疗。     

闻香识人：嗅觉与健康的关系

嗅觉与很多器官一样，同样会随年龄增长而减退，由于这是一个缓慢的长期过程，通常不会引起我们注意。事实上，有些嗅觉失常可能预示着疾病，不能掉以轻心。