Metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles reveal the dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related mechanisms in prostate cancer

Genetic alterations drive metabolic reprograming to meet increased biosynthetic precursor and energy demands for cancer cell proliferation and survival in unfavorable environments. A systematic study of gene‐metabolite regulatory networks and metabolic dysregulation should reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. Herein, we performed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)‐based metabolomics and RNA‐seq analyses in prostate tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) to elucidate the molecular alterations and potential underlying regulatory mechanisms in PCa. Significant accumulation of metabolic intermediates and enrichment of genes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were observed in tumor tissues, indicating TCA cycle hyperactivation in PCa tissues. In addition, the levels of fumarate and malate were highly correlated with the Gleason score, tumor stage and expression of genes encoding related enzymes and were significantly related to the expression of genes involved in branched chain amino acid degradation. Using an integrated omics approach, we further revealed the potential anaplerotic routes from pyruvate, glutamine catabolism and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation contributing to replenishing metabolites for TCA cycle. Integrated omics techniques enable the performance of network‐based analyses to gain a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of PCa pathophysiology and may facilitate the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies.     

心脉通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者血清MMP-9与高敏CRP影响的临床观察

目的：探讨心脉通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者抑制细胞外基质降解,减少炎症反应,稳定斑块的作用。方法：采用随机对照方法将ACS患者分为治疗组(对照组基础上加用心脉通胶囊n=31)、对照组(n=32),于治疗前后分别测定血清MMP-9与hs-CRP水平。结果：对照组MMP-9较治疗前有所下降但无统计学意义,而hs-CRP水平治疗后有显著性下降。治疗组MMP-9与hs-CRP水平均较治疗前明显改善,并明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。ACS患者MMP-9与hs-CRP水平呈正相关,而MMP-9,hs-CRP与血脂无相关。结论：心脉通胶囊可能通过抑制MMP-9,降低hs-CRP,而减少细胞外基质降解,减轻炎症反应达到稳定斑块的作用。     

白术内酯系列物的胃肠抑制作用

白术内酯Ⅰ(B)、4,15-环氧羟基白术内酯(C)、白术内酯Ⅲ(D)28.0、56.0μmol/L能显著抑制大鼠离体回肠的自发运动,使收缩力降低(P<0.001),但对静息张力无明显影响(P>0.05)。B、C、D孵育后,可抑制由Ach、His所致大鼠离体回肠的痉挛作用,使Ach、His量效关系曲线右移,降低回肠的最大反应(P相似文献   

电针对拟老年性痴呆大鼠学习记忆功能和海马CA_1区突触表达的影响

目的：探讨电针对拟老年性痴呆（AO）大鼠学习记忆功能和海马CA1区突触可塑性的影响。方法：采用腹腔注射D-半乳糖、东莨菪碱,胃饲三氯化铝（A lC l3）制备多因素损伤拟老年性痴呆动物模型,在造模同时给予电针干预,应用跳台实验检测大鼠学习和记忆能力,HE染色,光镜观察海马CA1区形态学变化,免疫组化法测定海马CA1区突触素表达水平。结果：电针能明显改善拟AD大鼠学习记忆能力,增加海马CA1区神经元数目,上调突触素表达。结论：电针可促进海马CA1区重建,提高突触素表达可能是其改善拟AD大鼠学习记忆功能的机制之一。     

16例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转腹腔镜下保留卵巢手术治疗临床分析

目的：探讨卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者行腹腔镜下保留卵巢手术的有效性及安全性。方法：16例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者采取腹腔镜下保留卵巢手术治疗,回顾性分析其效果。结果：术后3个月所有患者卵巢功能恢复正常,未见手术并发症。结论：卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者行腹腔镜下保留卵巢手术安全有效,值得推广。     

多种类生物医学组织衍射增强成像(DEI)的定量研究

探索DEI显示多种类生物医学解剖组织层次与病变细微结构的潜力。在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)形貌站4W1A束线上,对42个源于人体6个系统、12个脏器、6种组织类型的手术标本样品及8个取自动物病理模型样品进行了包括X-ray吸收衬度成像(XACI)与硬X-ray衍射增强成像(DEI)两种机制下的多次多类对比性二维DEI(2D-DEI)成像扫描;对所获影像予以半定量与定量两种不同方法评价。首次以2D-DEI方式直观显示了人眼环、胃肠道、肾上腺、胰腺、脾脏、子宫、胎盘等解剖结构与病变组织的微观改变,最高影像空间分辨率达40μm,衬度分辨率达0.15~0.8。表明较之XACI单一衬度机制像质,基于DEI多衬度机制像的影像像质显著优越,十分适于展示多由低Z轻元素软组织构成的位相信息丰富的多种类生物医学样品的组织层次与微观结构。     

Radiomics for the Prediction of Treatment Outcome and Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Prediction of outcome in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is challenging as a result of lack of a robust biomarker and heterogeneity between and within tumors. The aim of this review was to assess the current possibilities and limitations of radiomics (on computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and positron emission tomography [PET]) for the prediction of treatment outcome and long-term outcome in CRC. Medline/PubMed was searched up to August 2020 for studies that used radiomics for the prediction of response to treatment and survival in patients with CRC (based on pretreatment imaging). The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool and Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) were used for quality assessment. A total of 76 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. Radiomics analyses were performed on MRI in 41 studies, on CT in 30 studies, and on ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT in 10 studies. Heterogeneous results were reported regarding radiomics methods and included features. High-quality studies (n = 13), consisting mainly of MRI-based radiomics to predict response in rectal cancer, were able to predict response with good performance. Radiomics literature in CRC is highly heterogeneous, but it nonetheless holds promise for the prediction of outcome. The most evidence is available for MRI-based radiomics in rectal cancer. Future radiomics research in CRC should focus on independent validation of existing models rather than on developing new models.     

银染RNA AP-PCR差示法克隆人胃癌转移相关基因

目的:以改进的银染RNAAP-PCR法分析原发性及转移性胃癌标本,鉴定和克隆胃癌转移相关基因。方法:以原发及转移灶胃癌标本总RNA为研究对象,首先以T12MN“锚定”引物进行逆转录合成cDNA第一链,再以10核苷酸任意引物进行PCR扩增,5%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离扩增产物后银染显示并回收差异条带,经RNA点杂交验证、克隆测序后进入GenBank数据库检验同源性。结果:经银染RNAAP-PCR法分析,获得系列差异表达片段。对其中MGA1(662bp)和PGA1(589bp)两个片段进行验证和测序,结果显示,MGA1与胃癌转移相关,并与编码人巨噬细胞集落刺激因子受体(macrophagecolony-stimulatingfactorreceptor,CSF-1R)的原癌基因c-fms100%同源;而PGA1则属胃癌转移抑制基因,与编码肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI-1完全同源。结论:银染RNAAP-PCR法适用于分析和克隆差异表达基因,具有快速、直观、假阳性率低等优点;提示CSF-1R及KAI-1与胃癌转移表型相关,为进一步研究CSF-1R功能提供了新的线索。     

INF-γ基因转染肺泡巨噬细胞抗肿瘤活性的研究

背景与目的活化的肺泡巨噬细胞(alveolar macrophage,AM)具有抗肿瘤功能,γ干扰素(interferon-γ,INF-γ)是巨噬细胞的活化因子之一,其与巨噬细胞体外共同培养可增强巨噬细胞的免疫功能。本研究旨在了解人INF-γ基因体外转染肺癌患者的AM后对其抗肿瘤功能的影响。方法经肺泡灌洗获AM,分离纯化,以INF-γ基因转染AM,以RT-PCR方法和ELISA方法检测人INF-γ基因的成功转染;分别检测AM产生TNF-α、NO、IL-1的水平及AM杀伤L1210细胞的活性。结果 RT-PCR方法和ELISA方法均显示人INF-γ基因已成功转染AM;经人INF-γ基因转染后,肺癌患者AM产生TNF-α、NO、IL-1的水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);AM杀伤L1210细胞的活性较对照组明显增强(P<0.05)。结论 INF-γ基因体外转染肺癌患者的AM,能使AM的抗肿瘤活性明显增强。