基于红外热成像技术探讨扶正温阳法对阳虚体质的影响

目的 基于红外热成像技术探讨“扶正温阳法”对阳虚质的影响，探讨阳虚质者红外热图的共性规律，分析判断“扶正温阳法”干预阳虚质人群的疗效。方法 纳入30例阳虚质患者给予益气温阳药物在大椎、肾俞（双侧）、命门等进行穴位贴敷，分别在干预前后运用红外热成像技术测定督脉、腰部、腹部、双手及双足局部温度的变化。结果 干预后阳虚体质患者的督脉、腰部、腹部、双手、双足温度均升高（P<0.05），阳虚体质局部温度得以改善。结论 本研究发现“扶正温阳法”可诱发循经热传导现象，通过调节热能代谢而起到调治阳虚体质的作用，红外热成像技术可用来辅助评价阳虚质的治疗效果，对临床指导制定阳虚质人群的干预方案疗效判定具有指导意义。     

滋阴清热活血方联合激素对系统性红斑狼疮肾纤维化干预机制的研究

目的 研究滋阴清热活血方联合激素对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠肾纤维化的影响，揭示该方抗狼疮肾纤维化效应机制。方法 将MRL/lpr自发性狼疮小鼠按尿蛋白水平平均分为5组:模型组、醋酸泼尼松组、滋阴清热活血方组、滋阴清热活血方加激素全量组、滋阴清热活血方加激素半量组。药物干预4周后，H＆E染色和Masson染色分别检测狼疮小鼠肾组织病理学改变和肾纤维变化情况；免疫荧光法检测肾脏IgG免疫复合物沉积；Western blot法测定模型肾脏Smad4和Smad7蛋白表达水平。结果 与模型组比较，各治疗组小鼠肾脏病理损伤显著减少；Masson染色结果显示，与模型组比较，滋阴清热活血方组和醋酸泼尼松组胶原沉积减少；与滋阴清热活血方组比较，滋阴清热活血方加激素全量组和滋阴清热活血方加激素半剂量组胶原沉积面积均减少。免疫荧光染色检测结果显示，与模型组比较，滋阴清热活血方组和醋酸泼尼松组肾脏免疫复合物沉积减弱；与滋阴清热活血方组比较，滋阴清热活血方加激素全量和半量组肾脏IgG免疫复合物荧光显著减少。与模型组比较，滋阴清热活血方组、滋阴清热活血方加激素全量组和激素半剂量组肾组织Smad4蛋白显著下降；滋阴清热活血方组、滋阴清热活血方加激素全量组和激素半剂量组肾组织Smad7显著增加，其中，中药联合激素的2组尤为显著。结论 滋阴清热活血方联合激素对MRL/lpr小鼠肾组织肾纤维化具有较好的改善作用，其作用机制可能与抑制Smad4表达、上调Smad7蛋白表达有关，该研究为临床滋阴清热活血方联合激素治疗系统红斑狼疮肾纤维化提供了生物学依据。     

酸枣仁芽的化学成分分离鉴定

目的:研究酸枣仁芽的化学成分,从物质基础的角度探寻萌发对酸枣仁活性的影响。方法:将干燥的酸枣仁芽粉碎后石油醚浸泡提取,除去油脂类成分,残渣干燥后再用甲醇加热回流提取,减压浓缩后得酸枣仁芽甲醇浸膏,将浸膏溶解,采用硅胶,C_(18)反相硅胶,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶等多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,并利用NMR和MS等现代波谱技术,结合参考文献确定化合物的化学结构。结果:从酸枣仁芽中分离鉴定13个化合物,分别为酸枣仁皂苷B (1),酸枣仁皂苷D (2),酸枣仁皂苷A (3),白桦脂酸(4),白桦脂醇(5),羽扇豆醇(6),麦珠子酸(7),美洲茶酸(8),齐墩果酸(9),熊果酸(10),木兰花碱(11),荷叶碱(12),当药黄素(13)。结论:以上化合物均首次从酸枣仁芽中分离得到。经对比,发现酸枣仁芽的化学成分与传统药用部位种子相似,主要为三萜及皂苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类化合物等,为酸枣仁芽药用资源的开发利用提供了一定的化学依据。     

柴竭抑肝纤对硫代乙酰胺诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的:研究中药复方柴竭抑肝纤(Chaijie Yiganxian,CJYGX)对抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用及其机制。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性组(鳖甲煎丸),CJYGX高、中、低剂量组。除正常组外,其余5组通过腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺(thioacetamide,TAA)诱导建立肝纤维化模型。自造模第4周开始,阳性组给予鳖甲煎丸1 g·kg~(-1)·d-1灌胃,CJYGX高、中、低剂量组分别给予CJYGX 7.96,3.98,1.99 g·kg~(-1)·d-1灌胃,模型组灌服生理盐水,每日灌胃1次,共5周。于末次灌胃24 h后,水合氯醛轻度麻醉大鼠,留取血清及肝组织,称肝脏湿重并计算肝脏指数;全自动分析法检测大鼠肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP);酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测肝纤维化血清学标志物层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN),透明质酸酶(hyaluronidase,HA),Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳcollagen,CⅣ),Ⅲ型前胶原(procollagenⅢ,PCⅢ);马松(Masson)染色观察肝脏纤维化程度;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肝脏组织转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1),Smad2,Smad3,Smad4,Smad7 mRNA表达;免疫组化检测肝脏组织血小板源性生长因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)和TGF-β1蛋白表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肝脏TGF-β1和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)蛋白表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组肝脏指数显著升高;肝功能指标ALP,AST,ALT的含量显著升高;肝纤维化指标LN,HA,Ⅳ-C,PCⅢ和HYP显著升高; Masson染色观察到肝纤维化程度显著增加; TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3,Smad4 mRNA表达显著升高,Smad7 mRNA表达显著降低; TGF-β1,PDGF和α-SMA蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,各剂量的CJYGX能不同程度的降低肝功能指标ALP,AST,ALT的水平;肝纤维化指标LN,HA,Ⅳ-C,PCⅢ和HYP都明显的降低; Masson组织观察到肝纤维化程度显著减轻; TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3,Smad4 mRNA表达明显下调,Smad7 mRNA表达明显上调; TGF-β1,PDGF和α-SMA蛋白表达显著下调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:中药复方"柴竭抑肝纤"可能通过干预TGF-β1/Smad信号通路,保护TAA诱导的大鼠肝纤维化损伤。     

基于CiteSpace的中医药防治脂肪肝病相关文献的可视化分析*

目的 借助CiteSpace软件对我国近20年中医药防治脂肪肝病的研究进行可视化分析。方法 检索2000年1月1日至2021年7月20日收录于中国知网、维普、万方的有关于中医药防治脂肪肝病相关文献,对年发文量、期刊来源、作者、关键词、研究机构进行可视化分析。结果 （1）总计检索文献1 427篇,最终纳入文献1 408篇。（2）发文量处于小幅度的波动,说明目前处于稳定发展。（3）期刊来源前3的期刊为广州中医药大学学报、光明中医和北京中医药大学学报。（4）发文量大于10篇的有10位作者,通过可视化分析（N=526,E=432）,说明有432个合作关系路径,进一步说明作者之间合作密切;结合单位可视化分析可知（N=491,E=0）,作者之间的合作多在同一个单位,缺乏跨地域合作。（5）文献共现关键词的结果展现了中医药防治脂肪肝病的研究方向,包括临床、实验以及研究进展3方面,而有效关键词聚类进一步展示中医药防治脂肪肝病研究的热点有临床观察、脂联素、决明子、临床研究、TNF-α、辨证论治、临床疗效。（6）关键词突显显示,非酒精性脂肪肝病与中医证型、数据挖掘、2型糖尿病、代谢组学以及肠道菌群的相关性是目前的热点。（7）高被引文献显示,2017年临床肝胆病杂志《非酒精性脂肪性肝病中医诊疗专家共识意见(2017)》、2005中西医结合肝病杂志《脂肪肝中医证型分类的文献分析》以及世界中医药《中医药治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的优势与展望》为中医药防治脂肪肝病的研究奠定了基础。结论 中医药防治脂肪肝病的文献主要涉及临床观察、实验研究和综述,近些年研究热点主要在辨证论治、数据挖掘用药规律、中医证型与代谢组学以及肠道菌群关联性,既总结了中医的临床经验,又通过相关指标客观化,为中医药防治脂肪肝病提供了研究基础和防治思路。     

藏族药榜嘎质量标准分析

目的:建立榜嘎药材的质量控制方法和标准,为有效控制该药材的质量提供参考。方法:参照《中国药典》2015年版四部通则相关方法,对榜嘎药材的水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物进行测定;以盐酸阿替新为指标,采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定榜嘎中总生物碱的含量,检测波长408 nm。以槲皮素和山柰酚为检测指标,利用HPLC测定榜嘎中总黄酮醇苷的含量,流动相甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(51∶49),检测波长366 nm。结果:17批榜嘎药材测定结果显示榜嘎药材中水分、灰分、醇溶性浸出物、总生物碱和总黄酮醇苷质量分数分别为7.23%~10.20%,5.94%~18.60%,11.30%~29.40%,0.39%~1.99%,0.42%~3.09%。结论:建立的方法简便可行、重复性好,可用于榜嘎药材的质量控制。     

重楼替代药材丫蕊花研究进展

百合科(Liliaceae)丫蕊花属植物具有和重楼属十分相似的化学成分及药理活性。丫蕊花和重楼活性成分主要为甾体皂苷,具有抗菌、止血、抗肿瘤等药理作用,因此丫蕊花具有替代重楼的药效物质基础,可在一定程度上缓解重楼资源危机。综述丫蕊花的研究进展,以期为加快丫蕊花的研究开发和利用提供参考。     

In vivo retention of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application in mouse and rat models

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo retention capabilities of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application with nonoxinol-9 as the model drug. Two in situ hydrogel formulations, which contained 18% poloxamer 407 plus 1% poloxamer 188 (GEL1, relative hydrophobic) or 6% poloxamer 188 (GEL2, relative hydrophilic), were compared with respect to the rheological properties, in vitro hydrogel erosion and drug release. The vaginal retention capabilities of these hydrogel formulations were further determined in two small animal models, including drug quantitation of vaginal rinsing fluid in mice and isotope tracing with ^99mTc in rats. The two formulations exhibited similar phase transition temperatures ranging from 27 to 32 °C. Increasing the content of poloxamer 188 resulted in higher rheological moduli under body temperature, but slightly accelerated hydrogel erosion and drug release. When compared in vivo, GEL1 was eliminated significantly slower in rat vagina than GEL2, while the vaginal retention of these two hydrogel formulations behaved similarly in mice. In conclusion, increases in the hydrophilic content of formulations led to faster hydrogel erosion, drug release and intravaginal elimination. Rats appear to be a better animal model than mice to evaluate the in situ hydrogel for vaginal application.     

Effects of a novel isoflavonoid from the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris against fructose-induced experimental cataract

ObjectiveThe present study investigated the anticataract activity of a novel isoflavonoid, isolated from stem bark of Alstonia scholaris, against fructose-induced experimental cataract.MethodsThe bioactivity of fractions extracted from A. scholaris, an isolated isoflavonoid (ASII) was screened using in vitro (goat lens) and in vivo (albino rats) experimental cataract models. For the in vivo evaluation, albino rats (12–15 weeks old) were divided into five groups (n = 6). Group I (normal) received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose solution (10 mL/[kg·d], p.o.). Group II (control) received 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water. Groups III–V received ASII at three different doses, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/(kg·d), concurrently with 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Treatment was given daily for 8 consecutive weeks. During the protocol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level and lenticular opacity were monitored at 2-week intervals. Pathophysiological markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) in eye lenses were examined at the end of the 8-week treatment period.ResultsThe results of in vitro study showed that A. scholaris extract and the active fraction (A₃) reduced the lenticular opacity as compared to toxic control group. The in vivo study showed that 8-week administration of ASII (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/[kg·d], p.o.) led to significant reduction in blood pressure and blood glucose level and retarded the initiation and evolution of cataractogenesis, compared to the fructose-induced cataract model control. Additionally, ASII treatment led to significant improvement in lens antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) and decreased lens malondialdehyde, compared to the control group (group II).ConclusionResults revealed that administration of ASII played a crucial role in the reduction of cataract formation in diabetic and hypertensive models.     

Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Cisplatin causes nausea, vomiting and inhibition of gastric emptying. We have demonstrated the antiemetic effect of the acetone and ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe, Zingiberacae) against cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs. In the present study, the acetone and 50% ethanolic extract of ginger in the doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg (p.o.) and ginger juice, in the doses of 2 and 4 ml/kg, were investigated against cisplatin effect on gastric emptying in rats. All three ginger preparations significantly reversed cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying. The ginger juice and acetone extract were more effective than the 50% ethanolic extract. The reversal produced by the ginger acetone extract was similar to that caused by the 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist ondansetron; however, ginger juice produced better reversal than ondansetron. Therefore, ginger, an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy, may also be useful in improving the gastrointestinal side effects of cancer chemotherapy.