Expression of miRNA-155 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice and the interventional effect of rapamycin

Carotid atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory process and is the primary pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. Many factors are responsible for development of atherosclerosis such as inflammation and autophagy. It is reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate the development of atherosclerosis through targeting autophagy-related genes. Many studies have demonstrated that miRNA-155 could regulate autophagy in macrophages or tumor cells. However, the role of miRNA-155 on autophagy in carotid plaques is not yet known. In this study, we explore the expression of miRNA-155 and autophagy-related proteins in carotid plaques of ApoE^−/− mice and the interventional effect of rapamycin. We compared the expression of miRNA-155 and autophagy-related proteins between the control, model and rapamycin groups using qRT-PCR and western blot. Compared to the control group, we found the miRNA-155 and LC3-II expression was up-regulated (P < 0.05), expression ratio of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin to total mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR/mTOR) was down-regulated in model group (P < 0.05), but atherosclerotic lesions were still aggravated. These results following rapamycin group indicated that miRNA-155 and LC3-II expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), the expression ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05), and atherosclerotic lesions were reduced. Our results showed in the early stages of atherosclerotic plaques development, effective autophagy could attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE^−/− mice. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that rapamycin might promote the activation of the autophagy by enhancing the expression of miRNA-155, which delays the development of atherosclerotic plaques.     

Positive selection signals of hepatitis B virus and their association with disease stages and viral genotypes

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem that causes different types of liver diseases. The high mutation rate of HBV, which results from a lack of proofreading activity of the viral polymerase, leads to the actively adaptive evolution of mutant strains under various selection pressures. This study focuses on the positive selection signals in the whole HBV genome and the association of these selection signals with the disease stages and/or viral genotypes. A total of 486 complete HBV genomes from HBV-infected individuals of different illness categories (i.e., acute, chronic, and severe hepatitis) were analyzed. To obtain a panoramic view of the selection signals, codon-based maximum likelihood analysis, three-dimensional (3D) mapping, and allele frequency comparison were conducted on genotypes B and C HBV from subjects with different stages of hepatitis. A total of 95 selected codons were resolved, and a significantly higher number of positive selection signatures were found in the chronic and severe hepatitis groups compared with the acute groups. Many of the selected codons were associated with either a unique disease stage or a specific genotype. The conservation analysis of the selection signals in the viral core protein (HBcAg) illustrated the occurrence of selected codons in the highly diversified regions. The allele-frequency-based analysis identified eight additional nucleotide substitutions, and the frequencies of these mutations were found to increase with disease progression. Moreover, we found that three substitutions, including A1762T, G1764A, and A2739C, were nearly fixed. The mapping of all of the selected codons and nucleotide substitutions to the functional domains of the viral proteins suggested that more than 60% of the mutations were subject to selection forces from host immune surveillance, antiviral therapy, and replication fitness.     

基于SEER数据库构建肺肉瘤样癌的生存预测模型

目的 分析影响肺肉瘤样癌（PSC）患者预后的因素,构建PSC患者预后列线图预测模型。方法 基于SEER数据库收集1988—2015年间诊断为PSC患者1671例,按照7:3的比例分为建模组和验模组。对建模组患者进行单因素和多因素Cox回归分析影响PSC患者预后的独立因素并构建列线图预测模型,通过一致性指数和校准曲线分别在建模组和验模组进行验证。结果 单因素和多因素分析年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、肿瘤直径>50 mm、手术、放疗和化疗都是影响PSC患者预后的独立因素。基于独立因素构建列线图预测模型并进行验证。建模组和验模组一致性指数分别为0.790（95%CI: 0.776~0.804）和0.781（95%CI: 0.759~0.803）。建模组和验模组的校准曲线提示预测生存率与实际生存率基本一致。结论 基于多因素分析结果构建的列线图预测模型可预测PSC患者的预后,并且具有较高的准确性和一致性。     

代谢组学在类风湿关节炎诊断和治疗中的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种致残率高且病因不明的慢性自身免疫性疾病,早诊断、早治疗对于预防该疾病进一步发展至关重要。近年来,代谢组学技术因其具有整体性、动态性、高灵敏度和高通量等优势广泛应用于生命科学的各个领域,该文就代谢组学技术在RA早期诊断、疾病分型、药物疗效预测与评价研究等方面的进展进行综述,以期从代谢调控角度为RA的临床诊断和治疗提供新的思路。     

综合护理干预方式对改善类风湿关节炎患者焦虑及抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨综合干预护理方式对改善类风湿关节炎患者焦虑及抑郁状态的有效性。方法将60例人住南京市六合区人民医院的类风湿关节炎患者按就诊顺序分为干预组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组给予常规护理;干预组在常规护理的基础上实施综合干预,包括建立患者个人康复档案,针对患者情况进行集体健康教育,个别心理十预,指导进行关节功能锻炼以及娱乐疗法等。两组在十预前后分别应用Zung自评抑郁量表（SDS）和自评焦虑量表（SAS）评定患者情绪,并比较护理十预前后的分值。结果与国内常模[SDS：（33．46±8．55）分,SAS：（29．78±10．07）分1相比,本研究患者SDS[（44．35±4．11）分1、SAS得分[（42．68±3．46）分1较高,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,说明本组患者存在明显的抑郁及焦虑心理。干预组干预后患者的SDS[（36．12±3．62）分]、SAS得分[（34．07±4．74）分]明显低于对照组[SDS：（43．15±3．76）分,SAS：（41．62±3．65）分1,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,说明干预组患者焦虑及抑郁状态改善。结论对类风湿关节炎患者实施综合干预能有效改善其焦虑抑郁心理,对提高生命质量有积极作用。     

白藜芦醇对宫颈鳞癌原代细胞增殖及荷瘤小鼠成瘤的影响

目的研究白藜芦醇对宫颈鳞癌的抗肿瘤功能。方法分离宫颈鳞癌原代细胞,予以系列浓度的白藜芦醇干预;MTr法检测细胞生长情况,明确最适药物浓度;FCM检测细胞周期阻滞情况。构建宫颈鳞癌荷瘤小鼠,予以白藜芦醇灌胃,检测小鼠生长情况及成瘤情况,免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织中P53和Bcl-2表达情况。结果白藜芦醇可以抑制宫颈鳞癌原代细胞增殖,使肿瘤原代细胞生长周期阻滞于G1／S期。白藜芦醇可以减缓荷瘤小鼠的体重下降,小鼠的精神状况较好,瘤体生长速度减缓,同期瘤体体积减小。白藜芦醇可以促进瘤体组织的P53表达而抑制Bcl-2表达。结论白藜芦醇可以有效抑制宫颈鳞癌肿瘤细胞的增殖,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制瘤体的生长。白藜芦醇具有一定的抗宫颈鳞癌的特性。     

Additive anti-hyperalgesia of electroacupuncture and intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to interleukin-1 receptor type I on carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain in rats

Accumulating evidence shows that spinal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a critical role in inflammatory pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively attenuate inflammatory hyperalgesia both in clinical practices and experimental studies. However, little is known about the relationship between spinal IL-1β and EA analgesia. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of EA and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) on carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and the expression of IL-1β as well as IL-1RI. It was demonstrated that carrageenan induced marked thermal hyperalgesia in the injected paw, hence making paw withdrawal latency (PWL) decrease to 3.47 ± 0.31 s at 180 min post-injection. Nevertheless, when EA was administered for 30 min at 180 min post-carrageenan injection, the PWLs were significantly increased between 10 and 90 min following the beginning of EA treatment and peaked at 30 min to 5.91 ± 0.61 s. And also EA partly reversed the elevation of IL-1β and IL-1RI expression induced by carrageenan. Down-regulation of IL-1RI expression by repeated intrathecal antisense ODN (50 μg/10 μl) significantly increased the mean PWL up to 5.75 ± 0.15 s in 180–300 min post-carrageenan injection. Additionally, when the combination of EA with antisense ODN was used, thermal hyperalgesia was further alleviated than EA or antisense ODN alone, with a maximum PWL of 7.66 ± 0.50 s at 30 min post the beginning of EA treatment. The results suggested an involvement of the spinal IL-1β/IL-1RI system in EA-induced anti-hyperalgesia in inflammatory pain.     

胃癌组织与血清miR-126的表达及临床意义

目的：分析胃癌患者癌组织与血清miR-126的表达水平,探讨胃癌组织与血清miR-126在胃癌诊断中的价值。方法：收集42对胃癌组织及其对应的远癌对照组织（距离癌组织5 cm以上）为实验组,60例年龄相近的健康人群作对照组,标本系胃癌根治术后新鲜标本,采集患者术前、术后1周及健康对照组人群的外周血各5 mL,采用实时定量PCR法检测miR-126在癌组织和患者血清中的表达情况,另采集患者术前、术后1周的外周血各5 mL送检验科做癌胚抗原（CEA）检测。根据组织及血清中miR-126检测结果和CEA值作ROC曲线判断诊断效率。结果：胃癌组织miR-126的相对表达水平低于远癌对照组织（t=7.276,P < 0.05）;miR-126在癌组织中的表达与肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织分化程度有关;在胃癌患者血清中,术前血清miR-126的相对表达水平低于术后（t=6.316,P < 0.05）;术后血清中的相对表达水平低于健康对照者（t=4.338,P < 0.05）;miR-126在血清中的表达与肿瘤临床分期、组织分化程度有关;胃癌组织miR-126的诊断效率ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.823,血清AUC为0.776,CEA的诊断效率AUC为0.537。Pearson相关分析显示,胃癌患者癌组织与术前血清中miR-126的相对表达水平呈正相关（r=0.484,P < 0.01）。结论：胃癌组织和血清中miR-126表达下调;血清miR-126可以作为评估胃癌患者病情严重程度的标志之一;血清miR-126的表达对胃癌具有较好的诊断价值,优于血清CEA;胃癌组织和血清miR-126的表达水平呈正相关,有望成为诊断早期胃癌和监测胃癌复发的生物学标志物。     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿气胸及潮气肺功能随访

目的探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿气胸的疗效及其对婴儿期呼吸道疾病和潮气肺功能的影响。 方法选择2012年1月至2015年6月,扬州市第一人民医院收治的需进行机械通气治疗的22例新生儿气胸患儿为研究对象。根据机械通气治疗策略不同,将其分为常频机械通气(CMV)组(n＝12,使用常频呼吸机治疗)及HFOV组(n＝10,使用高频呼吸机治疗)。回顾性分析2组患儿临床资料,并对存活患儿进行定期随访至校正年龄达12个月时。比较2组患儿胸腔闭式引流、机械通气治疗、吸高浓度氧及用氧总时间,以及住院时间等;机械通气治疗前(0 h)及治疗后不同时间点(8、24、48 h)血气分析及氧合功能指标差异;校正年龄达12个月时潮气肺功能参数及呼吸道疾病随访结果。2组患儿性别构成比、胎龄、体重、分娩方式等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①HFOV组患儿胸腔闭式引流、机械通气治疗及吸高浓度氧时间均较CMV组短,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组新生儿用氧总时间、住院时间、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率、颅内出血发生率及病死率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②机械通气治疗前(0 h),2组患儿pH值、动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、氧合指数(OI)、动脉血氧分压/肺泡氧分压比值(PaO₂/PAO₂)及呼吸指数(RI)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);机械通气治疗后8、24及48 h,HFOV组患儿pH值、PaO₂及PaO₂/PAO₂水平均高于CMV组,PaCO₂、OI及RI水平则均低于CMV组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除CMV组治疗后8 h的PaCO₂水平与该组治疗前(0 h)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,2组患儿治疗后8、24及48 h,其余各指标分别与本组治疗前(0 h)比较,均显著改善,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③2组存活并随访的19例患儿在校正年龄达12个月时,潮气肺功能参数每分通气量(MV)、呼吸频率(RR)、潮气量(TV)、达峰时间比(TPEF/TE)及达峰容积比(VPEF/VE)比较,以及任何原因住院率、上呼吸道感染次数构成比、下呼吸道感染次数构成比、呼吸道感染住院率及支气管扩张剂使用率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论HFOV治疗可以有效改善新生儿气胸患儿的血气分析指标和氧合功能参数,缩短胸腔闭式引流、机械通气治疗及吸高浓度氧时间,对婴儿期潮气肺功能及呼吸道疾病的影响与CMV比较,无明显差异。